任务驱动教学法在《污染生态学》课程中的应用

《污染生态学》课程是环境科学及环境工程专业的一门主干课程。针对《污染生态学》的教学现状,结合课程知识本身的特点,在教学中引入任务驱动教学法。以任务为主线,实行学生为主体、教师为主导的教学原则,不仅调动了学生的积极性和创造性,也为提高学生的实践能力和创新能力营造了良好的氛围。     

《纤维性能测试实验》课程教学改革探索

将《纤维性能测试实验》课分解为前期课程《纤维结构和性能测试》和接续的任务驱动教学课程《纤维性能综合测试实训》,改革后的课程教学能够有效地提升学生的沟通交流能力和协作精神,为反思意识和反思能力的培养提供环境支持,有效培养学生自主学习的能力。     

《水生态保护与修复》课程开发的探究

依据长期教学积累的经验与水生态修复和保护方面的实践经验作为探究的出发点,对《水生态保护与修复》课程开发进行讨论,分析课程内容的重难点,为课程逐渐趋于成熟打下坚实的基础。     

《机械制图》项目导向任务驱动化教学改革探讨

作者通过长期《机械制图》课程教学,不断总结该课程教学经验,从项目导向任务驱动的可行性、指导思想、改革目标、改革思路及实施办法几个方面阐述《机械制图》课程改革的意义和作用,提出以项目为导向、以任务为驱动、以教师为主导、以学生为主体的灵活教学方法,可以取得事半功倍的效果。     

浅谈如何上好生物专业《无机及分析化学》课

《无机及分析化学》课程是生物专业大一新生的一门专业基础课程,对后续课程的学习和大学学习行为习惯的养成至关重要。结合自身近几年的教学实践和教学体会,分析专业课程特点和学生特点,浅述生物专业《无机及分析化学》教学中需要重点关注的问题,以期为新承担该课程教学任务的教师提供参考。     

基于三聚氰胺案例的《分析化学》教学设计

综述了案例教学法在《分析化学》课程教学中的应用情况;介绍了案例教学在本课程组的《分析化学》课程绪论讲解中的应用,并以三聚氰胺事件引出《分析化学》课程的教学任务;基于三聚氰胺案例组织安排“酸碱滴定”章节内容,完成具有教学主线和逻辑性的教学设计,提高授课质量和学生学习积极性;基于三聚氰胺事件进行“诚信”和“社会责任感”的课程思政教育。     

《植物化学保护学》与化学学科交叉式教学思路改革探讨

《植物化学保护学》是植物保护专业人才培养的重要课程,学科交叉特性显著、专业知识点繁多,学习难度较大。为加深学生对本课程与化学学科交叉知识点的理解,提高教学效果,本文以在《植物化学保护》课程教学中部分与化学学科密切相关的知识点为例,提出学科交叉式的教学思路,为完善课程教学内容、优化教学方法提供了具体参考。     

孔子思想对《无机与分析化学》教学方法的启示

通过对《无机与分析化学》课程的教学任务和授课特点的分析,阐述了孔子治学思想对《无机与分析化学》教学方法的启示;探讨了明确教学任务,突出教学重点,理清授课思路,因材施教,层次分明地设计课堂教学,培养学生学习兴趣等教学方法在《无机与分析化学》教学中的重要性。     

《室内空气污染》课程教学改革的研究与实践

《室内空气污染》课程是环境监测与控制技术专业的一门重要课程。在教学实践中,紧紧围绕人才培养方案和学生就业方向,优化与重组《室内空气污染》课程的教学内容,通过多媒体辅助教学,推行互动式及任务驱动的教学方法,采用更加公平客观的学生成绩评价模式,能够有效地提高课程教学效果,提升人才培养质量。     

一体化教学在《化工原理》课程的实践探索

文章从高等院校的学生实际情况,紧密结合化工技术岗位职业能力的要求,从教学的实际出发,对《化工原理》课程以任务过程的思路进行一体化课程开发,并在食品工程与技术专业的班级实施一体化教学,学生对《化工原理》这门课程的学习积极性和综合能力得到了极大的提高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。