阻隔性高分子复合材料研究与应用进展

综述了近年来国内外阻隔性高分子复合材料的最新研究进展。介绍了阻隔性高分子复合材料的阻隔机理、阻隔方法、阻隔性评价方法,及其应用、发展现状。另外还探讨了当今几种新型高阻隔性高分子复合材料的优缺点,并对阻隔性高分子复合材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

高分子材料的阻隔性能及在药包材上的应用

阻隔性是高分子包装材料的重要性能。综合分析了高分子材料对小分子物质的阻隔机理,介绍了高分子材料在药品包装上的应用,同时归纳总结了提高高分子材料阻隔性能的几种方法,包括复合技术、表明涂层、高分子改性等,为高阻隔性药品包装材料的进一步发展与应用提供参考。     

高阻隔材料的研究进展及其在军品包装中的应用

介绍了当前市场常见的高阻隔性高分子材料:乙烯乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)、聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)、聚酰胺(PA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)。详细分析了高分子结构与阻隔性能的关系,介绍了高阻隔性高分子材料的研究现状,阐述了各类高阻隔性高分子材料在军品包装中的应用,展望了高阻隔包装材料的发展趋势。     

辽阳石化研制成功高阻隔聚酯专用料

辽阳石化研究院采用纳米复合方法,在聚酯合成过程中加入经高分子改性的纳米溶胶,使其均匀分散在聚酯高分子链间,有效阻隔气体渗透,制得的高阻隔聚酯阻隔性能突出,是普通聚酯阻隔性的两倍。使用该技术生产的高阻隔聚酯切片在制瓶时操作简单,便于控制,不需要特别精密、复杂的注塑模具,可以在普通注塑-制瓶联合设备上直接生产单层、透明的高阻隔聚酯啤酒瓶,有效降低生产成本。     

软包装用高分子阻隔材料及相关技术研究进展

综述了近年来软包装的发展趋势和高分子阻隔材料及其相关技术的研究与发展现状,并对未来阻隔技术的发展趋势进行了分析与展望。     

辽阳石化推出高阻隔聚酯

辽阳石化公司成功研制出以纳米溶胶为添加剂的高阻隔聚酯专用料。这种高阻隔聚酯专用料是采用纳米复合方法,在聚酯合成过程中加入经高分子改性的纳米溶胶,使其均匀分散在聚酯高分子链间,有效阻隔气体渗透、制得的高阻隔聚酯阻隔性能突出,是普通聚酯阻隔性的2倍。使用     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯的合成工艺及气体阻隔性最新进展

生物降解高分子材料是从根本上解决塑料白色污染的重要材料之一。聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）综合性能优异，已经发展成为一种重要的生物降解高分子材料。本文阐述了目前国内外PBS合成工艺的最新进展，系统介绍了直接酯化法、酯交换法、酸酐法和扩链法制备PBS的工艺及其存在的优缺点。针对PBS作为食品包装材料的一项重要性能气体阻隔性能及阻隔原理进行了系统综述；进一步对阻隔性能的改性进展进行了总结。最后对PBS未来的研究和发展方向进行了展望，指出PBS生产技术的未来方向应该向综合性能高、成本低和绿色环保方向发展。     

如何选择高阻隔性材料的检测设备

随着阻隔性材料应用领域的不断拓宽及其在包装效果中的突出表现，高阻隔性材料已经成为包装材料研发的一个主要方向，并由此对阻隔性能测试设备提出了更高的要求。     

阻隔PET的合成及性能研究

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)因其环保性能和低成本在食品包装领域应用越来越大,随着食品包装市场的不断升级,对包装材料也提出了更高的需求.近年,特别是在高阻隔包装材料领域需求量日益增多.PET本身具备一定阻隔性能属于中等阻隔材料,但在高阻隔领域其性能显得不足.为进一步提高PET的阻隔性能,同时保持其力学性能不受影响,选用反式富马酸为改性单体,通过利用其基团柔性、憎水性和不饱和键配合催化母粒后氧化消耗氧气,获得了高阻隔改性共聚酯,提升了PET阻隔能力和保证了其冲击强度等性能.力学性能测试表明:添加少量的富马酸可以提升PET冲击强度,但富马酸含量增加后冲击强度有所下降,拉伸强度随着富马酸含量增加反而降低.共聚酯的水蒸汽透过量和氧气透过率均较PET有较大提升,改性后能够适用于有高阻隔要求的食品包装领域.     

高分子材料阻隔技术的研究进展

本文介绍了高分子材料阻隔技术的研究背景和发展状况,以及阻隔改性的主要方法,包括真空蒸镀、表面化学处理、多层共挤复合、层状共混、共混掺合纳米材料。     

Generalized solutions for a dead-end duct having a permeable barrier

This paper presents an analytical method for calculating the flow and pressure in A dead-end duct which has a perforated, porous barrier and an auxiliary fan or an obstacle at the end of the duct. The solutions involve two infinite series which can be applied to a general class of differential equations. It is shown that the duct length may be bounded if the barrier is porous only. No such bound exists if there are holes in the barrier. There is a minimum in the flowrate through the duct when there is a fan at the dead end. No such minimum exists when there is an obstacle     

汽车用塑料油箱的阻隔技术

介绍了汽车用塑料油处的优点,着重分析了提高塑料燃油箱阻隔性能的各种技术：氟化处理、磺化处理、等离子体处理、层状掺混技术、共济出技术。同时还介绍了各种阻隔技术的车外发展状况以及国内燃油箱阻隔技术的发展现状。     

UV-Irradiation- and Inflammation-Induced Skin Barrier Dysfunction Is Associated with the Expression of Olfactory Receptor Genes in Human Keratinocytes

Olfactory receptors (ORs) have diverse physiological roles in various cell types, beyond their function as odorant sensors in the olfactory epithelium. These previous findings have suggested that ORs could be diagnostic markers and promising therapeutic targets in several pathological conditions. In the current study, we sought to characterize the changes in the expression of ORs in the HaCaT human keratinocytes cell line exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light or inflammation, well-recognized stimulus for skin barrier disruption. We confirmed that major olfactory signaling components, including ORs, GNAL, Ric8b, and adenylate cyclase type 3, are highly expressed in HaCaT cells. We have also demonstrated that the 12 ectopic ORs detectable in HaCaT cells are more highly expressed in UV-irradiated or inflamed conditions than in normal conditions. We further assessed the specific OR-mediated biological responses of HaCaT cells in the presence of known odorant ligands of ORs and observed that specific ligand-activated ORs downregulate skin barrier genes in HaCaT cells. This study shows the potential of OR as a marker for skin barrier abnormalities. Further research is needed to explore how OR is implicated in the development and progression of barrier dysfunction.     

Sound absorption properties of thermally bonded nonwovens based on composing fibers and production parameters

This article reviews the noise absorption capacity of thermally bonded nonwovens in the range of audible frequencies (125–2500 Hz). First, we focus on the effects of the properties of the fibers, which constitute nonwovens, on the sound absorption properties, and then we consider the web orientation angle of nonwovens. We also investigate a composite model of the sound absorption properties of nonwovens, including the surface roughness and panel vibration. We have used an impedance tube interferometer, which provides the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of materials, for the determination of the noise absorption properties of nonwovens produced under different conditions. The noise absorption capacity of nonwovens depends primarily on the thickness and surface characteristics of specimens, but the effects of the fiber contents are only marginal. Interestingly, when there is a panel in front of nonwovens, the noise absorption capacity increases significantly at low and medium frequencies (250–1000 Hz). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2295–2302, 2004     

PE／PA层化阻透瓶的微观结构和渗透性能

讨论了阻透专用料中聚酰胺和相容剂含量对PE/PA层化阻透瓶微观结构和渗透性能的影响 ,结果表明 ,这两种成分对阻透瓶瓶壁的结构有显著影响 ,进而成为影响其渗透性能的关键因素。当聚酰胺含量为C ,相容剂含量为M 3时 ,可以获得良好的阻透性能。在要求长期阻透性能的场合 ,采用高聚酰胺含量 (>10 % )可以提高阻透瓶的耐渗透稳定性。     

Thermodynamics of reaction between gas-turbine ceramic coatings and ingested CMAS corrodents

The thermodynamic stability of ceramic coatings with respect to their reaction products is crucial to develop more durable coating materials for gas-turbine engines. Here, we report direct measurements using high-temperature solution calorimetry of the enthalpies of reaction between some relevant ceramic coatings and a corrosive molten silicate. We also report the enthalpy of mixing between the coatings and molten silicate after combining the results measured by high-temperature solution calorimetry with enthalpies of fusion measured by drop-and-catch calorimetry and differential thermal analysis. The enthalpies of solution of selected silicate and zirconia-based coatings and apatite reaction products are moderately positive except for 7YSZ, yttria-stabilized zirconia. Apatite formation is only favorable over coating dissolution in terms of enthalpy for 7YSZ. The enthalpies of mixing between the coatings and the molten silicate are less exothermic for Yb₂Si₂O₇ and CaYb₄Si₃O₁₃ than for 7YSZ, indicating lower energetic stability of the latter against molten silicate corrosion. The thermochemical results explain and support the very corrosive nature of CMAS melts in contact with ceramic coatings.     

高阻隔性PET的现状与发展趋势

对高阻隔性PET的国内外市场现状与技术开发趋势作了系统介绍。     

Reactive crystallization in HfO2 exposed to molten silicates

Hafnia is of interest in thermal and environmental barrier coatings, but little is known about its response to molten silicate attack. This article investigates that response using two model silicate melts, compares it with pure ZrO₂ and examines the effect of YO_1.5 additions. HfO₂ was found to form HfSiO₄ with acidic melts but undergoes grain boundary penetration in basic melts, which do not exhibit reactive crystallization. The latter can be exacerbated by microcracking resulting from the thermal expansion anisotropy of monoclinic HfO₂. Y additions generally degrade the ability to form hafnon (and zircon), and exacerbate grain boundary penetration, especially in HfO₂ where Y is present as a fluorite second phase. The fluorite controls grain growth in monoclinic HfO₂ and suppresses microcracking, but dissolves faster, especially in basic melts. The results are presented in the context of the relevant thermodynamics and kinetics. The implications for coating applications are discussed.     

国内外染料工业发展新动向

本文阐述了国内外染料工业发展的新动向,指出了国外染料市场趋势和发展新特点:染料企业重组已趋平稳和进一步确立我国作为世界染料生产和供应中心的地位,在国际上设置"技术壁垒"和"贸易壁垒"的力度进一步加强,新染料的开发放到比较重要的地位,不断适应纺织工业新的着色要求;还指出了我国染料工业的发展新特点:市场活跃新品不断,出口增长,连创新高,新兴基地,发展壮大。注重染料质的提高,采用新技术和清洁工艺生产是我国染料工业发展的重中之重。有7篇参考文献。     

Synthesis,sintering, and grain growth kinetics of Hf6Ta2O17

A systematic study of the solid-state synthesis, pressureless sintering, and grain growth kinetics of Hf₆Ta₂O₁₇ is presented. The ideal conditions for solids-state synthesis of Hf₆Ta₂O₁₇ powder with minimal particle necking was 1250 °C for 2 h in air. The resultant powder has an average particle size of 210 ± 70 nm. The combined synthesis and ball-milling procedure produces highly sinterable Hf₆Ta₂O₁₇ powder, achieving > 97 % of theoretical density after pressureless sintering at 1600 °C for 2 h in air. The grain growth mechanism was sensitive to processing conditions, appearing to be primarily driven by surface diffusion below 1600 °C and grain boundary diffusion above 1650 °C. The respective activation energies for grain growth were found to be Q_S = 659 ± 79 kJ mol⁻¹ and Q_GB = 478 ± 63 kJ mol⁻¹.