Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins: the long and winding road to physiological function

Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) is a naturally occurring herpesvirus of wild rodents and is genetically related to human herpesvirus 8 and Epstein-Barr virus. The ability of MHV-68 to establish acute and persistent infection within laboratory mice offers a unique opportunity to investigate immunological and virological aspects of gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis.     

A prospective randomized trial of blastocyst culture and transfer in in-vitro fertilization

The effectiveness of blastocyst culture and transfer in human in-vitro fertilization (IVF) was evaluated in a prospective randomized trial in patients having a moderate to good response to gonadotrophin stimulation. Embryos were transferred either on day 3 after culture to around the 8-cell stage in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with fetal cord serum, or on day 5 after culture to the blastocyst stage in the sequential serum-free media G 1.2 and G 2.2. The pregnancy rates after transfer on day 3 or day 5 were equivalent, 66 and 71% respectively; however, significantly more embryos were transferred on day 3 (3.7) than on day 5 (2.2). The number of blastocysts transferred did not affect the implantation rate, and pregnancy rates when either two or three blastocysts were transferred were 68 and 87% respectively. The implantation rate of the blastocysts (50.5% fetal heart beat) was significantly higher compared to the cleavage stage embryos transferred on day 3 (30.1%). The percentage of blastocyst development was not affected by the number of 2-pronuclear embryos, or by maternal age. Irrespective of the number of blastocysts formed, pregnancy rates were similar. Furthermore, the pregnancy rate following blastocyst transfer in patients with 10 or more follicles at the time of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration was not affected by patient age. More than 60% of patients having blastocyst culture and transfer had supernumerary embryos for cryopreservation. The establishment of a pregnancy following thaw and transfer confirmed the viability of cryopreserved blastocysts cultured in the absence of serum or co-culture. The ability to transfer just two blastocysts while maintaining high pregnancy rates will therefore help to eliminate high order multiple gestations and improve the overall efficiency of human IVF.     

The rocky road from acts to dispositions.

Examines the attributional error of overestimating dispositions as a cause of behavior, with reference to the attitude attribution paradigm. The author observes that earlier experiments were open to criticism on artifactual grounds, but the overattribution-to-persons tendency has proved to be a remarkably robust and easily replicated phenomenon. It can be undermined or overcome when the perceived constraints on behavior are extreme or when instructions specifically set the S to consider the importance of situational factors. The functional significance of the attributional error is not clear, though it probably stems from a perceptually generated hypothesis that is insufficiently adjusted for contextual constraint. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Embryo selection by IVF, co-culture and transfer at the blastocyst stage in case of translocation

The case report illustrates the successful association of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and co-culture for the selection of the viable embryos in a female patient carrying a reciprocal balanced translocation.     

On the road again: Predicting the job transfer decision.

This study used survey data collected from mobile employees (n?=?66) and their spouses over a 5-year span to link attitudes, behavioral intent, and behavior in a model of the individual job transfer decision. Results showed that willingness to relocate strongly predicted the decision to accept or reject a job transfer. In turn, willingness to relocate was reliably associated with key demographic, career attribute, and attitudinal variables. Not only do these results have important implications for organizations that regularly relocate employees, but they also provide another example of a work situation in which attitudes reliably predict behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The road to reform: Of editors and educators.

Comments on the article by L. Wilkinson & the Task Force on Statistical Inference (see record 1999-03403-008) which was meant to initiate discussion in the field about changes in current practices of data analysis and reporting. The report was concerned with the use of statistical methods only and is not meant as an assessment of research methods in general. The present article praises Wilkinson's article for making recommendations that are specific enough to bring about dramatic and badly needed changes in statistical practice. In this article, J. Friedrich discusses how these recommendations might be incorporated into professional practice, noting some of the potential obstacles to their implementation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The road to tranquility: the search for selective anti-anxiety agents

The earliest treatments of anxiety included cathartics and emetics, which were used to remove the excess of black bile (hence our word melancholia) thought to be responsible for the patient's demeanor. By the 1700s, physicians were prescribing drugs that are more selective for the CNS, chiefly opium and strengthening tonics. In the 1860s, cardioactive drugs such as atropine, aconite, and digitalis were assumed to counteract anxiety because it could be associated with tachycardia and/or melancholia. A little later, the emergence of laboratory animal models, culminating in the conditioned avoidance response, and also Freudian psychiatry, permitted the evolution of new definitions of anxiety, as well as the introduction of sedative agents such as KBr, chloral hydrate, and barbiturates for its treatment. The first somewhat selective anxiolytics, reserpine, meprobamate, and chlorpromazine, appeared in the early 1950s, while in 1959 the benzodiazepines were the first to prove more selective than all the others in a systematic battery of screening tests.     

Checkpoints on the road to mitosis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to retrospectively analyze all pediatric patients with Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of various anatomic sites, treated in our department over a 10-year period, for treatment results. Anatomical site, group, and gender are individually analyzed as prognostic indicators of overall survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen rhabdomyosarcoma patients diagnosed by biopsy or surgical resection were reviewed. All patients were treated according to assigned IRS protocols except one. Age ranged from 1 to 19 years with a median age of 4 years. Ten patients were male and 6 were female, 14 were white and 2 black. Anatomic sites included six from the head and neck region, seven in the trunk and three in the extremities. Embryonal RMS was present in all but one which was classified as undifferentiated. All patients had surgery (biopsy-5, partial-1 or complete resection-10) and chemotherapy (VA, VAC, VAC plus Adriamycin, or VAC plus Adriamycin, CIS Platinum and VP-16). Ten patients received irradiation consisting of 3060 cGy to 5850 cGy using shrinking fields with 1.8 to 2.0 Gy/day/5 day/wk. RESULTS: Patients tolerated the treatment well and there were no late complications. Only one patient had a recurrence in the primary site with a median follow-up of 61 months (range 5-118 months) for the whole group. The 5-year disease free survival and actuarial survival for all patients treated were 73% and 87% respectively, with four patients developing metastasis and three of those dead of disease. CONCLUSION: This study represents a heterogeneous group of patients with RMS treated over a 10-year-period. The results correlate with those found in the most recent published IRS data for embryonal histology. From experience gained from earlier studies, newer IRS protocols have tailored treatment protocols to specific site with more intense therapy used for difficult treatment sites.     

走新型工业化发展之路

文章论述了不断解放思想,转变观念,开拓创新,走新型工业化发展之路,是使企业持续发展的必由之路。