基于改进AHP-未确知测度理论的选矿厂防尘工程评价模型及应用

选矿厂防尘工程评价涉及多因素,采用层次分析法和未确知测度理论相结合的理论模型对某有色金属矿山选矿厂防尘工程进行评价。从防尘工艺、作业环境与卫生、组织与管理水平和防尘设备等4方面22个指标建立综合评价指标体系,以专家打分的形式获得指标测度矩阵,基于置信度识别准则获得该选矿厂防尘工程评价等级为好,与实际调查结果一致。该模型具有一定的合理性与应用价值。     

Hypoleptinemia in patients with anorexia nervosa: loss of circadian rhythm and unresponsiveness to short-term refeeding

The human neurotropic papovavirus JC, a close relative of simian virus 40, has been associated with the formation of brain tumors in humans because of its ability to induce such tumors in other primates under experimental conditions. Here we have analyzed 30 brain tumors classified as either oligodendroglioma or astrocytoma and 22 cell lines derived from human gliomas for the presence of JC viral sequences using polymerase chain reaction with two different sets of primers. None of the tumors or cell lines contained JC viral sequences. Similarly, we failed to detect expression of JC T antigen in any of 26 human glioma lines analyzed in this study. We conclude that JC virus is not a major cause of human brain tumors.     

Physical motion in dreams: One measure of three theories.

As a normal psychological event, dreaming is an object of fascination and of conflicting explanation. In biopsychological terms, this article compares 3 explanations of 1 salient feature of dream cognition. Physical movement can be measured in dream reports, can be understood in physiologic terms, and can provide a focus for comparing dream theories. In addition, dreamed motion may have functional importance. The authors discuss dream motor data that conflict with Freud's explanation of dream movement and with a distributed activation explanation but coincide with an activation synthesis hypothesis. Because physiologic models of sleep intersect with physiologic models of psychopathology, this approach may be relevant to psychopathological dreaming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The development of a measure of three conceptual models of behavior.

The Beliefs-About-Behavior inventory was constructed to measure the relative extent to which individuals use each of 3 conceptual models of behavior: theological, illness, and psychological. An initial inventory was written, and after a trial with a sample of university students, a final inventory was written and psychometrically analyzed. The final inventory was administered to 329 Ss consisting of undergraduates, nurses, and high school students. A 2nd phase of this study analyzed the inventory scores of a variety of Ss from mental health-related professions. (French summary) (22 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Can a population of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons with different period lengths produce a stable circadian rhythm?

The firing rate of a population of SCN neurons in vivo exhibits stable circadian oscillations, but the period length of individual neurons is not known and may be different or similar to the population rhythm. To address this question we used published data from Bos and Mirmiran [Brain Res., 511 (1990) 158-162] that reported different period lengths and amplitudes for individual neurons recorded in explant cultures of the SCN. We reconstructed the individual rhythms for several cycles, calculated the population rhythm, and then tested its stability. The period and amplitude of the rhythm of groups of neurons with different period lengths were unstable. Furthermore, the stability of the rhythm was reduced as the number of sampled neurons increased. These results suggest that the stable circadian rhythm reported for neuron populations in the intact SCN emerges from the identical period length of individual neurons. The possible intercellular interactions in the SCN that may underlie the stable circadian rhythm are discussed.     

Assessing remote memory with an improved public events questionnaire.

In the present research, public events recall and recognition tests were developed that appear to be psychometrically stronger than those used in the past. Following test construction, these tests were administered to older and middle-aged participants in order to examine the effects of chronological age and historical time period on memory for remote news events. Results indicated that middle-aged participants generally exhibited a better memory for news events than did older participants for the time periods that both age groups lived through. Across the life span, a common pattern was observed. Specifically, there was an increase in memory for events until the teenage years and fairly constant performance thereafter for both age groups. From these findings, we can clearly argue against a loss theory of remote memory. Some gender differences were observed on the recall and recognition tasks, but they were not as global or as frequent as Botwinick and Storandt (1980) suggested. The clinical potential of the remote memory tests is briefly considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluation of three dating-specific treatment approaches for heterosexual dating anxiety.

Compared the efficacy of 2 8-session re-educative therapy packages and a single-session human relations training program in alleviating heterosexual dating anxiety. After careful screening, 84 socially anxious male undergraduates were randomly assigned to the following conditions: (a) a behavioral counseling group that involved hierarchically organized role-playing and correctional feedback exercises, (b) counseling plus group desensitization, (c) a "microlab" that emphasized structured real-life interactions with females, (d) a placebo procedure designed to increase personal awareness of nondating factors, and (e) no treatment. Both client-reported and behaviorally rated outcome criteria generally indicated the superiority of both re-educative treatments over nonspecific factors and the passage of time. The inclusion of desensitization did not reliably increase the efficacy of behavioral counseling. The short-term "microlab" produced outcomes as favorable as the longer placebo manipulation. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluation of the Computerized Assessment System for Psychotherapy Evaluation and Research (CASPER) as a measure of treatment effectiveness in an outpatient training clinic.

This study evaluated the validity of the Computerized Assessment System for Psychotherapy Evaluation and Research (CASPER), a system that identifies target problems and monitors treatment outcomes. Pre- and posttreatment data were obtained from 78 clients and their therapists in an outpatient training clinic. CASPER scales were significantly correlated with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and with therapist ratings on the Global Assessment Scale (GAS) at both intake and posttreatment. These measures also showed significant pre- to posttreatment changes. The largest effect sizes were found on CASPER individualized outcome measures. Residual change scores and posttreatment improvement ratings derived from CASPER were significantly correlated with BSI and GAS change scores. There was moderate agreement between clients' and therapists' ratings; clients tended to rate their functioning higher than did therapists on several CASPER scales. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Using item response theory to study the convergent and discriminant validity of three questionnaires measuring cigarette dependence.

To determine whether the Cigarette Dependence Scale, the Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence, and the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS) reliably and correctly assessed both weakly and severely dependent individuals, the authors collected data via Internet from 2,435 current smokers, from 2004 to 2007. They used a 2-parameter item response model to determine the difficulty and discrimination of each question and used correlations between latent scores to assess convergent and discriminant validity. The reliability of all scales was close to or exceeded .70. Both the Cigarette Dependence Scale and the Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine Dependence had 1 misfitting item. Each NDSS scale had at least 2 misfitting items. The information curve of each of the questionnaires peaked between -2 and 2 and was low at both extremes. All questionnaires had adequate reliability and were more informative for a medium level of the underlying cigarette dependence continuum than for both extremes of this continuum. The correlations between latent scores indicated good convergent validity between questionnaires and low discriminant validity between NDSS subscales, except for Tolerance. This result suggests that nicotine dependence may not be composed of 5 dimensions but may be unidimensional and distinct from reduced sensitivity to the effects of smoking (Tolerance). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Discriminant validation of an MMPI measure of aggression.

An MMPI measure of aggression formed by summing scales F (Frequency), 4 (Psychopathic Deviate), and 9 (Hypomania) discriminated 3 groups of neuropsychiatric outpatients (N?=?138) defined by qualitative and quantitative differences in violent behavior. Results indicate that the group differences cannot be attributed to differences in more general factors such as age, sex, education, IQ, or degree of overall psychopathology, reflecting favorably on the measure's discriminant validity. However, there was sufficient overlap among the distributions of groups to call its clinical utility into question. Further research appears to be needed in order to better define what this scale measures as well as its range of applicability. (5 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evidence for the convergent validity of two self-report metamemory questionnaires.

Examined the convergent validity of two metamemory questionnaires: the Metamemory in Adulthood questionnaire (MIA) and the Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that each instrument yields a higher-order factor labeled Memory Self-Efficacy (MSE) with approximately a .9 factor correlation. The analysis also showed convergence of the two questionnaires' scales measuring self-reported strategy use and perceived change in MSE. Simultaneous factor analysis in multiple cross-sectional age groups indicated that MSE has age-invariant factor loadings, although there was an age-related increase in the correlation of the MSE and Change factors. Additional models suggested (a) age differences in metamemory scales are primarily produced by age differences in MSE and (b) a minor method factor in the MFQ, producing both the less-than-perfect correlation of the two MSE factors and a reduced sensitivity of the MFQ to age differences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Influence of an objective measure on self-reports of behavior.

1,563 8th graders and their mothers completed self-report measures of cigarette smoking, and carbon monoxide levels in alveolar air were taken as an objective measure of smoking behavior. Adolescents who had smoked recently (according to their CO level) reported significantly greater amounts of smoking if they were informed about the biochemical measure before completing the questionnaire. Self-reports by adolescents who had not smoked recently (according to CO levels) and self-reports by mothers were not influenced by awareness of the objective measure. (18 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluation of an obstacle detector for the blind.

3 series of training sessions were conducted to evaluate an obstacle detector, using 26 totally blind Ss. Performance was assessed in 1 pretraining session with the customary mode of travel and 3 posttraining sessions with the detector. Ss were also given several psychological tests and 2 interviews. Using the detector on a standard obstacle course, Ss took longer to walk than with customary aid, but errors were the same. Ss who walked unassisted made fewer errors with the detector than without it. For those Ss using a cane or a dog, it was of little help. After more training on the use of the detector, Ss reduced the time to walk the obstacle course while errors remained about the same. On the field tests Ss made fewer errors but took longer with the customary mode of travel. About ? of Ss indicated a desire to own the instrument. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Electrical aversion conditioning with chronic alcoholics: Follow-up and suggestions for research.

Reports a follow-up of a study by R. Vogler, S. Lunde, G. Johnson, and P. Martin (see record 1970-14792-001) on drinking behavior in chronic alcoholics 1 yr. after release from a hospital. Ss had been subjected to response-contingent electrical shock, random shock, sham conditioning, and control treatments. Ss were studied on the basis of 3 criteria: (a) days to 1st rehospitalization, (b) proportion of year rehospitalized, and (c) number of rehospitalizations. Conditioned Ss did not differ significantly from the random shock group, although the latter group means on all 3 criteria were better than the former. Conditioned and random shock groups were significantly more improved than the other groups. Results indicate that conditioning produced lasting effects and suggest that non-response-contingent shock may be as effective as response-contingent shock in controlling drinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evaluation of an intensive psychosocial intervention for children of parents with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To evaluate an intervention for children of parents with multiple sclerosis (MS). It was hypothesized that the intervention would increase knowledge of MS, approach coping, and social support and decrease avoidant coping and stress appraisals. It was expected that these changes would reduce the adverse impacts of caregiving and produce better adjustment. Method: Twenty children (9-14 years) who had a parent with MS attended a 6-day camp intervention. These children completed questionnaires at pre- and postintervention and at 3-month follow-up; their parents with MS (N = 14) completed questionnaires at preintervention and at follow-up. Results: After the intervention, children reported significant decreases in distress, stress appraisals, caregiving compulsion, and activity restrictions and increases in social support and knowledge of MS. Parental data confirmed the increase in the children's knowledge of MS, and overall, qualitative data supported the quantitative findings. Qualitative data showed that the intervention had indirect effects on some parents and families. Conclusions: Findings offer preliminary support for the use of a stress- and coping-based intervention for supporting children and their families with parental MS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Picture-Choice Test as an indirect measure of attitudes.

Amodified Flyer's Picture-Choice Test was given 227 male students and scored for the halo effect of "liking" on judgment of occupation. Significant differences appeared between college majors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. Evaluation and management of rhythm and conduction abnormalities

Patients with myocardial infarction can experience a wide range of arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities, from transient and relatively innocuous sinus bradycardia to life-threatening ventricular fibrillation. This nut-and-bolts article covers all the possibilities, emphasizing the clinical significance of the various arrhythmias and their evaluation and treatment. Also included are indications for temporary and permanent pacemaker placement based on the revised ACC/AHA guidelines.     

Incremental validity of an empirically based measure of job characteristics.

We tested the assertion of Stone and Gueutal (1985) that an empirically based measure of job characteristics can explain more of the variance in job satisfaction criteria than measures based on a priori formulations. Our second purpose was to assess whether job satisfaction mediates the relation between job characteristics and intent to leave. Surveys were administered to 742 male and female employees of a chemical manufacturing company. Results of multivariate analyses indicated that (a) job dimensions not considered by the frequently used Motivating Potential Score (MPS) operational definition of job scope contributed significantly to the explanation of variance in satisfaction with the work itself, satisfaction with other job facets, and general job satisfaction (p?p?p?     

Development and examination of an expectancy-based measure of test-taking motivation.

A 10-item multidimensional measure of test-taking motivation based on expectancy theory, the Valence, Instrumentality, Expectancy Motivation Scale (VIEMS), was developed using a student sample (N?=?90) and tested using 2 samples of job applicants in a field setting (N?=?296; N?=?246). In Field Study 1, the VIEMS was related to test performance. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the VIEMS explained variance in test score beyond a general measure of test motivation. In a second longitudinal field study, pretest and posttest perceptions of motivation were compared. Results indicated that expectancy was related to actual test performance, and perceived test performance accounted for variance in posttest reports of motivation after controlling for pretest levels of motivation. Test-taking motivation did not account for variance in test performance differences between African Americans and Whites in either field study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)