吐温-40 与植酸复配对碳钢的缓蚀作用

目的提高0.5 mol/L HCl中植酸对热轧碳钢(HRCS)的缓蚀性能。方法用失重法和电化学阻抗法测试植酸、吐温-40以及复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率,从热力学和动力学方面分析复配缓蚀剂的作用机制。结果失重法测试表明,植酸和吐温均对热轧碳钢有一定缓蚀作用。当293 K,植酸质量浓度为0.3g/L时,缓蚀效率达到69.1%,在质量浓度为0.8 g/L时缓蚀效率下降为9.6%;吐温-40的缓蚀效率随着质量浓度的增大而增大,0.8 g/L时达到73.4%。在0.5 mol/L盐酸中加入0.05 g/L吐温-40后,复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率随着质量浓度的增加而增大,且优于植酸和吐温-40单独使用,表现出协同效应。电化学测试得到了相同的结论,表明复配缓蚀剂在碳钢表面产生自发的Langmuir吸附,使碳钢腐蚀反应的活化能增大,是熵减少的放热过程。结论吐温-40和植酸在盐酸中对热轧碳钢的腐蚀有缓蚀协同作用。     

电化学法研究芭蕉叶提取物在盐酸中对碳钢的缓蚀作用

目的研究芭蕉叶提取物(MBLE)在酸性环境中对碳钢腐蚀的抑制行为。方法通过热水浸提法获取MBLE,采用电化学方法研究在不同实验温度和不同浓度下MBLE在1 mol/L盐酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀行为,并用扫描电镜(SEM)研究金属表面腐蚀形貌。结果极化曲线研究表明,MBLE对碳钢在1mol/L盐酸中的腐蚀有明显抑制作用,属阴极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂;其缓蚀性能随质量浓度增大而增强,25℃时160 mg/L的MBLE缓蚀效率达到94.7%。电化学阻抗图谱研究表明,随着MBLE质量浓度的增大,碳钢表面腐蚀反应的电荷转移电阻逐渐增大,腐蚀反应抑制程度增强。变温试验研究表明,MBLE在实验温度范围内具有较好的稳定性。当MBLE质量浓度为160 mg/L时,温度从25℃增加到40℃,两种电化学方法所得缓蚀效率的变化幅度均在3%以内。MBLE缓蚀剂分子在碳钢表面的吸附服从Dhar-Flory-Huggins等温吸附式,并且属于物理和化学混合吸附。SEM研究表明,盐酸介质中MBLE可有效地抑制碳钢的腐蚀。结论对碳钢在盐酸介质中的腐蚀,MBLE是有效的绿色缓蚀剂。     

硫酸介质中丙氨酸复合缓蚀剂的研究

目的研究丙氨酸和碘化钾共同存在于硫酸溶液中,对碳钢的协同缓蚀作用。方法采用极化曲线、交流阻抗谱、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及El-Awady动力学模型,对丙氨酸、丙氨酸与碘化钾复配缓蚀剂对碳钢在硫酸介质中的缓蚀性能和吸附机理进行探究。结果在10%的硫酸体系中,对碳钢的缓蚀性能随着缓蚀剂浓度增大而增强。单独使用丙氨酸作为缓蚀剂,丙氨酸分子在碳钢表面呈单分子层吸附,缓蚀效率最高仅达到29%,缓蚀效果不明显。经过丙氨酸与碘化钾复配后,缓蚀效果显著提高,当丙氨酸质量浓度为300 mg/L,碘化钾质量浓度为250 mg/L时,缓蚀效率达到92%以上。XPS谱图表明,缓蚀剂主要是通过分子中的N原子与碳钢表面Fe原子形成共价键,吸附在碳钢的表面,与KI复配后,I-吸附在碳钢表面,并部分氧化,形成I_3~-。El-Awady动力学模型研究说明该复配缓蚀剂为混合型缓蚀剂,且在碳钢表面自发形成多分子层吸附膜。结论在10%的硫酸溶液中,丙氨酸分子通过物理吸附或化学吸附作用,吸附在碳钢表面,减缓腐蚀反应发生。碘化钾添加后,发挥连接缓蚀剂分子和碳钢表面的桥梁作用,从而协助丙氨酸吸附到碳钢表面,提高丙氨酸在碳钢表面的覆盖率,在提高缓蚀效率的同时,减少了丙氨酸的使用量,有效地抑制了钢材的腐蚀。     

新型离子液体缓蚀剂在油田采出水中的应用研究

目的研究离子液体在钢铁防腐方面的缓蚀效果。方法采用静态失重和动态失重法比较4种离子液体的缓蚀速率,利用电化学测试、扫描电镜和EDS手段对N80碳钢进行表征,评价了产品的缓蚀性能。结果油田采出水中添加微量的离子液体复配型缓蚀剂后,试样表面生成以铁碳氧元素为主的保护膜,当4种缓蚀剂添加量达到150 mg/L时,N80碳钢的腐蚀速率下降趋势变化缓慢,B型缓蚀剂缓蚀效果最好,其用量为150 mg/L时腐蚀速率降低到0.0087 mm/a,自腐蚀电位由0.8112 V提高到?0.7446 V,自腐蚀电流由77.79μA下降到5.03μA,缓蚀率可达到93.5%。结论 4种复配型离子液体缓蚀剂对N80碳钢均有较好的缓蚀性能,缓蚀效果大小顺序为B﹥C﹥D﹥A,其中B的缓蚀效率最好,缓蚀率为94.1%。     

磷酸酯基咪唑啉化合物的合成及其在HCl水溶液中的腐蚀抑制机理

目的通过三乙烯四胺和苯甲酸合成IMBT,再利用IMBT、H3PO3和甲醛经过曼尼希反应制得IMBTM,并探究其对碳钢在HCl水溶液中的缓蚀作用。方法采用动态失重法、电化学技术以及热力学等方法研究缓蚀剂IMBT和IMBTM在60℃、1 mol/L的盐酸溶液中对10#碳钢的缓蚀性能和吸附规律。结果利用IR对产物进行表征,均得到了产物特征峰。在动态失重试验中,IMBT和IMBTM两种缓蚀剂的质量浓度为3 g/L时,碳钢的腐蚀速率分别为3.92、2.94 g/(m2·h),缓蚀剂的缓蚀率分别为79.65%和84.75%。极化曲线试验表明随着两种缓蚀剂浓度增加,腐蚀电位正移,阳极电流密度下降明显。交流阻抗的测试显示随着两种缓蚀剂浓度增大,容抗弧半径逐渐增大,且在相同浓度下,添加IMBTM时的容抗弧半径更大。另外,随着缓蚀剂浓度的增加,拟合参数Rct增大、Cdl减小,证明缓蚀剂在金属表面取代了水,并吸附成膜。研究等温吸附模型,发现数据带入Langmuir等温吸附方程后,表现出了很好的线性关系。结论在1 mol/L HCl溶液中,IMBT和IMBTM对10#碳钢均有缓蚀作用,且IMBTM的缓蚀作用较高。两种缓蚀剂均属于阳极型缓蚀剂,对阳极的缓蚀作用较高。且两种化合物在10#碳钢表面上的吸附过程为自发放热过程,其吸附规律遵循Langmuir等温吸附式,属于单分子层吸附。     

咪唑啉类化合物在HCl溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀机理分析

目的 研究咪唑啉（IM）及咪唑啉基脲（IU）在盐酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀性能。方法 采用静态失重法、电化学测试技术、表面形貌及官能团分析、热力学等温方程等方法,研究缓蚀剂在不同温度的盐酸溶液中对Q235碳钢的缓蚀性能和吸附规律。结果 在静态失重试验中,室温下,随着IM、IU缓蚀剂的加入,碳钢的腐蚀速率从12.54 mg/(cm2?h)分别降低到5.132、0.145 mg/(cm2?h),IM、IU的缓蚀率分别为59.1%和98.9%。随着温度的升高,缓蚀效率略有下降。极化曲线试验表明,增加两种缓蚀剂的浓度,腐蚀电位负移,阳极电流密度下降明显。交流阻抗的测试显示,随着两种缓蚀剂浓度的增大,拟合参数Rct增大、Cdl减小,证明缓蚀剂在金属表面取代了水,并吸附成膜。研究等温吸附模型发现,两种缓蚀剂分子在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,且根据SEM及XPS分析,证明缓蚀剂分子通过N原子与金属形成共价键,在金属表面吸附成膜。结论 咪唑啉和咪唑啉基脲对碳钢均具有缓蚀效果,且咪唑啉基脲的缓蚀效果更优异。两种缓蚀剂均属于混合型缓蚀剂,且以抑制阴极腐蚀反应速率为主。两种咪唑啉化合物在碳钢表面的吸附过程为自发放热过程,其吸附规律遵循Langmuir吸附等温模型,属于单分子层吸附。     

芳香希夫碱在油田采出水中的缓蚀性能研究

目的研究不同复配型芳香希夫碱缓蚀剂在油田采出水中对N80碳钢的缓蚀效果。方法采用静态失重和旋转挂片实验比较四种芳香希夫碱的缓蚀速率,采用电化学测试、扫描电镜和EDS手段对N80碳钢进行表征和分析。结果在油田采出水中添加芳香希夫碱复配型缓蚀剂后,试样表面生成以铁、碳、氧元素为主的保护膜,当四种缓蚀剂的添加量达到90 mg/L时,N80碳钢的腐蚀速率下降趋势变化缓慢,a型缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果最好,其用量为90 mg/L时,N80碳钢的腐蚀速率降低到0.0087 mm/a,自腐蚀电位由-0.8112V提高到-0.7345 V,自腐蚀电流由77.79μA下降到5.410μA,缓蚀率可达到93.05%。结论四种希夫碱复配缓蚀剂均有较好的缓蚀性能,缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果顺序为abdc。     

固定化溶菌酶的缓蚀机理及性能

采用物理吸附方法将溶菌酶固定在MCM-41介孔分子筛上,并与化学缓蚀剂[氨基三亚甲基膦酸(ATMP)与聚天冬氨酸(PASP)]复配用作循环冷却水缓蚀剂。利用电化学法分析复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理,并用失重法所测得的复配缓蚀剂缓蚀性能为指标优化复配条件。结果表明:复配缓蚀剂为混合型缓蚀剂,可以同时抑制腐蚀过程的阴极反应与阳极反应,最佳复配方案为固定化溶菌酶投加量0.7g/L、ATMP质量浓度10mg/L、PASP质量浓度20mg/L,缓蚀率可达88.55%,循环冷却水对碳钢腐蚀速率降至0.017 3mm/a,作用时间为11~13d。     

盐酸介质中N,N′-二（二苯基膦基）-1-苯乙胺对碳钢的缓蚀性能研究

目的对N,N'-二(二苯基膦基)-1-苯乙胺(NPM)的合成、结构表征及其在盐酸介质中对碳钢的缓蚀性能进行研究。方法用红外光谱、元素分析和熔点测试等方法对NPM的结构进行表征,采用静态失重法、动电位极化曲线法和电化学阻抗法研究NPM在盐酸介质中对碳钢的缓蚀作用,研究腐蚀体系温度、HCl浓度、NPM浓度和腐蚀体系静置时间对NPM缓蚀率的影响,探讨NPM在碳钢表面上的吸附机理。结果动电位极化曲线法研究结果表明NPM是一种混合型缓蚀剂。NPM的缓蚀率随NPM浓度的增加而增大,当NPM的质量浓度为140 mg/L时,NPM在25℃的1.0 mol/L HCl溶液中的缓蚀率达到94.71%;NPM的缓蚀率随腐蚀体系温度的升高而降低,随HCl浓度的增大而减小,但随腐蚀体系静置时间的延长缓蚀率逐渐增大。NPM在碳钢表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温方程式,属于自发进行的物理和化学吸附。结论所合成的化合物NPM是一种高效的混合型有机缓蚀剂。     

十六烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵与 NH4 SCN 缓蚀协同效应

目的研究十六烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵(CDAB)与NH4SCN在硫酸介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀协同效应,并探讨其缓蚀机理和性能,以期为工业实际生产提供理论数据。方法运用失重法研究CDAB质量浓度与缓蚀率的关系,通过失重法、动电位极化曲线法和交流阻抗法分析CDAB与NH4SCN复配后的缓蚀率和缓蚀机理。结果仅添加CDAB时,缓蚀率随着CDAB质量浓度增大而增大,但缓蚀性能并不显著,当质量浓度为10 mg/L时缓蚀率仅为85.07%;当CDAB与30 mg/L的NH4SCN复配后,缓蚀率显著提高到96.73%,能有效抑制Q235钢在0.5 mol/L硫酸介质中的腐蚀。极化试验结果显示,该复配缓蚀剂是一种以控制阳极反应为主的混合型缓蚀剂,缓蚀率随CDAB质量浓度增大而增大,与交流阻抗法、失重法试验结果相一致。复配缓蚀剂在Q235钢表面的吸附服从Langmiur吸附等温模型,吸附吉布斯自由能ΔG0=-48.33 k J/mol,为自发吸附。结论 CDAB与NH4SCN在0.5 mol/L硫酸介质中具有优异缓蚀协同效应,能有效抑制腐蚀介质对Q235钢在的腐蚀,复配缓蚀剂具有较高的缓蚀率。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.