Magnéli相Ti4O7的制备及在燃料电池中的应用

综述了制备Magnéli相Ti<,4>O<,7>的H<,2>还原TiO<,2>、C还原TiO<,2>和机械活化Ti和TiO<,2>及两步法合成等4种方法的研究现状及其优缺点,以及研究Magnéli相Ti<,4>O<,7>在燃料电池中的应用现状.展望了软化学法合成高比表面积的Ti<,4>O<,7>材料作为燃料电池催化剂载体材料的发展趋势.     

Magnéli相亚氧化钛材料的制备及其可见光光催化性能

以金红石型钛白粉为原料,采用铝还原-盐酸酸洗工艺常压下制备了Magnéli相亚氧化钛材料.采用包括X射线衍射(XRD)仪等多种表征方法测定了制备样品的物相组成、形貌、化学价态及光谱吸收性能,并测试了可见光下样品降解甲基蓝的光催化活性.研究结果表明:950℃焙烧15～30 min条件下制备的Magnéli相亚氧化钛材料主要为Ti4O7和Ti5O9的混合相,采用盐酸酸洗可以有效去除样品中的Al,但含有不溶于酸的α-Al2O3.该工艺制备的Magnéli相亚氧化钛颗粒尺寸为100～200 nm,没有存在明显的团聚烧结长大现象,具有良好的可见光和近红外光吸收性能以及在可见光条件下具有较好的光催化能力.     

透明导电氧化物薄膜及其制备方法

综述了透明导电氧化物(TCO)薄膜的特性、应用及制备技术的发展,重点讨论了磁控溅射、脉冲激光沉积、溶胶-凝胶、喷射热分解等制备技术和柔性衬底TCO薄膜的制备状况、进展及发展趋势,并指出改进TCO薄膜制备技术的努力方向应体现完善薄膜性能、降低反应温度、提高控制精度、降低制备成本和适应集成化等趋势,而制备方法的选择则应根据薄膜的性能要求和不同的应用目的而不同.     

稀土氧化物纳米材料制备的研究进展

稀土氧化物纳米材料的合成与制备近年来已成为国内外学者研究的一个热点。本文介绍了国内外稀土氧化物纳米材料制备及合成方法的研究进展,并对稀土氧化物纳米材料的制备方法进行了分类。同时,综合比较了各自的优点和缺点,并对各种制备方法在各个领域的应用前景进行了一定的展望。     

特色功能材料--透明导电氧化物薄膜

透明导电氧化物(TCO)是一种特色鲜明的功能材料,以其接近金属的电导率、可见光高透射率、红外区高反射率及其它半导体特性,可应用于平板显示器件、太阳能光伏电池、反射热镜、气体敏感器件、特殊功能窗口涂层以及光电子、微电子、真空电子器件等领域.综述了透明导电氧化物薄膜的基本特性、制备方法及应用,并展望了其发展前景.     

透明导电氧化物材料的应用与开发

光电子产业已经成为前景最为广阔，发展速度最快的产业，作为产业的基础材料之一，透明导电氧化物材料的地位也将会不断巩固和发展。[编按]     

氧化物纳米管的制备及其应用

氧化物纳米管由于其优异的性能,近年来受到人们极大的关注.介绍了氧化物纳米管的最新研究进展,分析了氧化物纳米管的制备方法(如模板法、水热法等),综述了氧化物纳米管的功能化应用,重点介绍了几种典型氧化物如ZnO、TiO2、V2O5等纳米管的应用.最后简要论述了尚需进一步研究的问题与发展趋势.     

多孔锰氧化物材料的制备与性能研究进展

孔径从微孔到介孔的多孔锰氧化物材料有多种制备方法.不同的制备方法,材料的性能有所不同.多孔锰氧化物材料在可充锂电池、高级分离技术、化学传感、催化以及环保等领域有潜在的重要应用价值.综述了多孔锰氧化物材料在结构、制备和性能等方面的研究进展.     

钙钛矿型稀土纳米复合氧化物的制备与应用

纳米级钙钛矿型稀土复合氧化物在许多领域表现出了突出的作用。本文介绍了钙钛矿型稀土纳米复合氧化物的主要合成方法，说明其优缺点，简要分析了该类材料的性能用途，并对其今后的发展方向提出了几点建议。     

相变材料微胶囊的制备及提纯

采用原位聚合法合成了以正十八烷为囊芯、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂为囊壁的相变材料微胶囊,并通过密度法对微胶囊样品进行了提纯。通过扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪对纯化前后胶囊分析发现,微胶囊形貌明显变好,热效率也显著提高。     

Manganese Oxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis,Properties, and Theranostic Applications

Despite the comprehensive applications in bioimaging, biosensing, drug/gene delivery, and tumor therapy of manganese oxide nanomaterials (MONs including MnO₂, MnO, Mn₂O₃, Mn₃O₄, and MnO_x) and their derivatives, a review article focusing on MON-based nanoplatforms has not been reported yet. Herein, the representative progresses of MONs on synthesis, heterogene, properties, surface modification, toxicity, imaging, biodetection, and therapy are mainly introduced. First, five kinds of primary synthetic methods of MONs are presented, including thermal decomposition method, exfoliation strategy, permanganates reduction method, adsorption–oxidation method, and hydro/solvothermal. Second, the preparations of hollow MONs and MON-based composite materials are summarized specially. Then, the chemical properties, surface modification, and toxicity of MONs are discussed. Next, the diagnostic applications including imaging and sensing are outlined. Finally, some representative rational designs of MONs in photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, magnetic hyperthermia, chemotherapy, gene therapy, starvation therapy, ferroptosis, immunotherapy, and various combination therapy are highlighted.     

Nanostructures for Thermoelectric Applications: Synthesis,Growth Mechanism,and Property Studies

Both heterostructures and hollow nanostructures have been predicted as candidates with excellent thermoelectric performance. In this Research News areticle, recent advances with regard to synthetic strategies, growth mechanisms, and thermoelectric properties of one‐dimensional heterostructures (segmented and core/shell) and tubular nanostructures are reported. The thermoelectric property studies of Te/Bi core/shell heterostructured nanowires and Bi₂Te₃ nanotubes indicate that the Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity of these materials can be optimized to improve their thermoelectric performance. In addition, the current issues and future research directions for promising thermoelectric nanostructures will be discussed on the basis of these experimental results.     

Potential 2D Materials with Phase Transitions: Structure,Synthesis, and Device Applications

Layered materials with phase transitions, such as charge density wave (CDW) and magnetic and dipole ordering, have potential to be exfoliated into monolayers and few‐layers and then become a large and important subfamily of two‐dimensional (2D) materials. Benefitting from enriched physical properties from the collective interactions, long‐range ordering, and related phase transitions, as well as the atomic thickness yet having nondangling bonds on the surface, 2D phase‐transition materials have vast potential for use in new‐concept and functional devices. Here, potential 2D phase‐transition materials with CDWs and magnetic and dipole ordering, including transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal halides, metal thio/selenophosphates, chromium silicon/germanium tellurides, and more, are introduced. The structures and experimental phase‐transition properties are summarized for the bulk materials and some of the obtained monolayers. In addition, recent experimental progress on the synthesis and measurement of monolayers, such as 1T‐TaS₂, CrI₃, and Cr₂Ge₂Te₆, is reviewed.     

Preparation of Magnéli phases of Ti27O52 and Ti6O11 films by laser chemical vapor deposition

Magnéli phases of Ti₂₇O₅₂ and Ti₆O₁₁ films were prepared by laser chemical vapor deposition using Ti(dpm)₂(O-i-Pr)₂ as a precursor. Ti₆O₁₁ film was obtained at a laser power (P_L) of 200 W and a deposition temperature (T_dep) of 1270 K. Ti₂₇O₅₂ film was obtained at P_L = 150 to 200 W and T_dep = 1120 to 1250 K. Ti₆O₁₁ and Ti₂₇O₅₂ films had a faceted texture about 2 μm in grain size and a columnar cross section. The deposition rate of Ti₂₇O₅₂ and Ti₆O₁₁ films were 90 and 70 μm h^− 1, respectively.     

Transition Metal Oxides for Organic Electronics: Energetics,Device Physics and Applications

During the last few years, transition metal oxides (TMO) such as molybdenum tri‐oxide (MoO₃), vanadium pent‐oxide (V₂O₅) or tungsten tri‐oxide (WO₃) have been extensively studied because of their exceptional electronic properties for charge injection and extraction in organic electronic devices. These unique properties have led to the performance enhancement of several types of devices and to a variety of novel applications. TMOs have been used to realize efficient and long‐term stable p‐type doping of wide band gap organic materials, charge‐generation junctions for stacked organic light emitting diodes (OLED), sputtering buffer layers for semi‐transparent devices, and organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with improved charge extraction, enhanced power conversion efficiency and substantially improved long term stability. Energetics in general play a key role in advancing device structure and performance in organic electronics; however, the literature provides a very inconsistent picture of the electronic structure of TMOs and the resulting interpretation of their role as functional constituents in organic electronics. With this review we intend to clarify some of the existing misconceptions. An overview of TMO‐based device architectures ranging from transparent OLEDs to tandem OPV cells is also given. Various TMO film deposition methods are reviewed, addressing vacuum evaporation and recent approaches for solution‐based processing. The specific properties of the resulting materials and their role as functional layers in organic devices are discussed.     

One‐Dimensional Nanostructures: Synthesis,Characterization, and Applications

This article provides a comprehensive review of current research activities that concentrate on one‐dimensional (1D) nanostructures—wires, rods, belts, and tubes—whose lateral dimensions fall anywhere in the range of 1 to 100 nm. We devote the most attention to 1D nanostructures that have been synthesized in relatively copious quantities using chemical methods. We begin this article with an overview of synthetic strategies that have been exploited to achieve 1D growth. We then elaborate on these approaches in the following four sections: i) anisotropic growth dictated by the crystallographic structure of a solid material; ii) anisotropic growth confined and directed by various templates; iii) anisotropic growth kinetically controlled by supersaturation or through the use of an appropriate capping reagent; and iv) new concepts not yet fully demonstrated, but with long‐term potential in generating 1D nanostructures. Following is a discussion of techniques for generating various types of important heterostructured nanowires. By the end of this article, we highlight a range of unique properties (e.g., thermal, mechanical, electronic, optoelectronic, optical, nonlinear optical, and field emission) associated with different types of 1D nanostructures. We also briefly discuss a number of methods potentially useful for assembling 1D nanostructures into functional devices based on crossbar junctions, and complex architectures such as 2D and 3D periodic lattices. We conclude this review with personal perspectives on the directions towards which future research on this new class of nanostructured materials might be directed.     

Yolk–Shell Nanostructures: Design,Synthesis, and Biomedical Applications

Yolk–shell nanostructures (YSNs) composed of a core within a hollow cavity surrounded by a porous outer shell have received tremendous research interest owing to their unique structural features, fascinating physicochemical properties, and widespread potential applications. Here, a comprehensive overview of the design, synthesis, and biomedical applications of YSNs is presented. The synthetic strategies toward YSNs are divided into four categories, including hard‐templating, soft‐templating, self‐templating, and multimethod combination synthesis. For the hard‐ or soft‐templating strategies, different types of rigid or vesicle templates are used for making YSNs. For the self‐templating strategy, a number of unconventional synthetic methods without additional templates are introduced. For the multimethod combination strategy, various methods are applied together to produce YSNs that cannot be obtained directly by only a single method. The biomedical applications of YSNs including biosensing, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, and cancer therapy are discussed in detail. Moreover, the potential superiority of YSNs for these applications is also highlighted. Finally, some perspectives on the future research and development of YSNs are provided.