一种新型的基于D状态观测器的永磁同步电机无传感器驱动向量控制方法

本文提出了一种新的能用于凸极和隐极永磁同步电机无传感器向量控制方法。这种方法通过一种新型改进的磁链状态观测器来估计转子磁链相位,用于永磁同步电机无传感器向量控制,该状态观测器被称做D状态观测器。D状态观测器有以下几个很具吸引力的特征：1)建立电机数学模型不需要额外的稳态条件；2)它的维数为最小的二维；3)在较宽的运行范围内,唯一一个观测器增益为常量,容易设计；4)以一种非常简单的方式应用电机的参数；5)结构非常简单因而能在较低的计算量下实现。通过广泛的实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

Potentiality of a new minimum‐order back‐EMF state observer taking acceleration into account for sensorless vector control of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors

This paper proposes new sensorless vector control methods for permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), which are based on a new minimum‐order back‐EMF state observer taking acceleration into account, and examines potentiality of the improved back‐EMF observer through experiments. Conventional sensorless vector control methods for PMSMs using an estimate of back‐EMF are established under the assumption of constant speed or zero acceleration, and consequently cannot operate properly at modes requiring rapid speed change especially in low speed region. On the other hand, the proposed back‐EMF observer has the following features: (1) it is a new back‐EMF state observer taking acceleration into account and requiring no additional approximation to motor mathematical model; (2) it is a minimum‐order state observer; (3) it utilizes motor parameters in the simplest manner; (4) it can be applied to both salient‐pole and non‐salient‐pole PMSMs; (5) it can be realized in both rotor and stator reference frames. Detailed designs and analyses for the improved state observer and the sensorless vector control systems in both rotor and stator reference frames are given. In relation to the sensorless vector control systems, this paper newly proposes a double‐integral‐type PLL method and an integral‐feedback‐type acceleration/speed estimation method. Their potentialities are examined through experiments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(4): 78–92, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20630     

A New Self‐Tuning Power‐Factor‐Based Vector Control Method for Efficient Wide‐Speed Range Sensorless Drive of Permanent‐Magnet Synchronous Motors

As a simple sensorless vector control method for permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (PMSMs), a power‐factor‐based vector control (PFVC) method has been reported. This method has the attractive characteristics that three functions such as current limit, efficiency and sensorless drive can be performed simultaneously in a simple manner. However, it was developed under the assumption that there is no practical voltage limit, and that it cannot be applied over the rated speed. This paper proposes a new PFVC method that allows PMSMs to be driven even over the rated speed under application of a practical voltage limit, while keeping the desired characteristics. The effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method are verified through extensive experiments.     

New Simple Torque‐Sensorless Torque Control for Quasi‐perfect Compensation of Sixth‐Harmonic Torque Ripple Due to Nonsinusoidal Distribution of Back EMF of PMSM

This paper proposes a new torque‐sensorless torque control method for permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The proposed method can almost perfectly compensate the sixth harmonic torque ripple that is caused by nonsinusoidal distributions of the back electromagnetic force and the rotor magnetic flux of PMSMs. The torque control system is, in principle, constructed on the basis of vector control, but has two new, dedicated speed‐varying devices: a harmonic torque observer and a current controller. The speed‐varying harmonic torque observer can estimate the harmonic component over a wide range of speeds, even when the generated torque is constant, and produce a suitable compensation signal. The speed‐varying current controller shows stable control performance over a wide range of speeds; it can fully track the compensated current command containing the DC and sixth harmonic components. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined and verified through extensive numerical experiments.     

New sensorless vector control methods based on a new minimum‐order flux state observer in the “D‐module” for permanent magnet synchronous motors

This paper proposes new sensorless vector control methods that can be applied to both salient‐pole and non‐salient‐pole permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). The proposed method estimates the phase of rotor flux by the “D‐module observer,” which is newly developed for sensorless vector controls of PMSM. The “D‐module observer” has the following attractive features. (1) It is a new state observer requiring no additional approximation to the motor mathematical model. (2) It is a minimum‐order state observer. (3) Observer gain guaranteeing proper estimation in a wide operating range except for singular zero‐speed can be a simple constant, and can be easily designed. (4) It utilizes motor parameters in the simplest manner. (5) Its structure is very simple and is realized at the minimum computing cost. (6) It can be applied to both salient‐pole and non‐salient‐pole PMSM. (7) It can be realized in both rotor and stator reference frames. Detailed designs and analyses for the “D‐module observer” and “D‐module observer”‐based sensorless vector control systems in both rotor and stator reference frames are given. Their validity and usefulness are examined and confirmed through extensive experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(2): 46–62, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20046     

基于奇异摄动的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

针对永磁同步电机伺服系统的双时间尺度特性,根据奇异摄动理论将永磁同步电机驱动系统的数学模型分解,得到快、慢两个电气子系统.基于快变电气子系统模型,采用Luenberger观测器构建快的位置估计器.通过慢变电气子系统构建慢的速度估计器.无位置传感器永磁同步电机闭环控制系统的计算机仿真结果表明,本文提出的算法既具有较高的辨识精度又具有相对少的计算量,速度跟踪性能可以满足永磁同步电机伺服系统无位置传感器控制需要.     

New Simple High‐Quality Torque Control for Permanent‐Magnet Synchronous Motors: Compensating for Torque Ripple Caused by Nonsinusoidal Back EMF

This paper proposes a new and simple torque‐sensorless torque control method for permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with nonsinusoidal back EMF. The method suppresses the sixth and/or 12th harmonic torque ripples caused by the back EMF in a feedforward manner even at high speeds; it consists of two subordinate methods for compensation command generation and command‐tracking current control. The first subordinate method generates compensation current commands to cancel the torque ripples based on a mathematical model of PMSMs. The second method controls the stator current to track a current command containing both fundamental and compensatory components. In conjunction with the current control, a dedicated disturbance observer that employs a digital speed‐varying band‐pass filter as a disturbance filter is also proposed. The effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method were verified through extensive experiments.     

New "mirror-phase vector control" for sensorless drive of permanent-magnet synchronous motor with pole saliency

This paper proposes a new sensorless vector control method for a salient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SP-PMSM). The proposed method is directly based on a new principle called "mirror-phase characteristics" and has the following high-performance and attractive features: 1) it can allow 250% rated torque at standstill, under which strong flux saturation usually occurs; 2) it can allow ultralow-speed control (the observed minimum speed ratio to the rated speed under the rated motoring or regenerating load is 1/1800); 3) in spite of the ultralow-speed performance, it can operate up to the rated speed; 4) it accepts instant injection of the rated load even for zero-speed control; 5) it accommodates a load with huge moment of inertia.; 6) it is insensitive to all motor parameters; 7) it is also insensitive to saturation phenomena of stator flux; and 8) it is so simple that it can be implemented with no additional hardware. The high performance and usefulness of the new "mirror-phase vector control" method are verified through experiments.     

感应电机滑模观测器矢量控制系统研究

研究了一种基于滑模观测器的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制技术。根据感应电机两相α-β静止坐标系下数学模型的特点,设计了一种电流型滑模观测器。利用李亚普诺夫稳定定理,分析和证明了此观测器的稳定性,并在此观测器的基础上,根据等效控制的概念,估算了电机转子磁链和转速。仿真结果表明,基于滑模观测器的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制技术对于电机启动和突加负载转矩时均能呈现很好的调速性能。     

基于状态观测器的感应电机速度传感器故障诊断及容错控制

速度传感器是感应电机矢量控制系统的重要组成部分,当其出现故障时会严重影响系统的性能。设计感应电机矢量控制系统,并在此基础上实现了基于状态观测器的感应电机速度传感器故障诊断及速度传感器发生故障后的容错控制。在速度传感器正常时,状态观测器工作在故障诊断方式下;速度传感器发生故障后,该状态观测器工作在速度估计方式下,系统由原带速度传感器矢量控制方式平滑切换到无速度传感器矢量控制,从而实现速度传感器的容错控制。该设计的有效性在dSPACE实验平台上得到了验证。     

无传感器内置式永磁同步电机低速运行转子位置鲁棒观测器

低速运行控制是无位置传感器内置式永磁同步电机(interior permanent magnet synchronous motor,IPMSM)控制系统的关键技术。为了改善无传感器IPMSM矢量控制系统的低速性能,研究了一种基于高频信号注入的转子位置鲁棒观测器,以使位置观测环节具有较强的抗负载扰动能力。在分析扰动转矩可能导致观测器收敛到磁极相反位置问题基础上,针对扰动转矩特性对转子位置鲁棒观测器的结构进行设计。根据阶跃式和斜坡式扰动转矩特性及位置观测误差期望指标,采用极点配置的方法对观测器反馈增益矩阵参数设计进行分析。通过IPMSM无传感器矢量控制系统验证了该转子位置鲁棒观测器的有效性。     

Sensorless control of inverter-fed induction motor drives

Sensorless control is considered to be a lower cost alternative than the position or speed encoder-based control of induction motors. Two popular sensorless control methods, namely, the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) and the Luenberger observer (LO) methods are compared for speed and torque control characteristics. They are also compared against the well-known vector control principle. For the drive system simulated, the torque and speed obtained from sensorless control are almost identical to those obtained from the vector control method. However, the torque ripple for the sensorless methods is observed to be higher than vector control-based method. The MRAS method introduces higher torque ripple when compared to the Luenberger observer. In addition, speed estimation methods employed in sensorless control are more sensitive to motor parameter variations.     

基于滑模变结构的PMSM直接转矩控制

分析了永磁同步电机(PMSM)数学模型,设计了一种新颖的基于空间矢量脉宽调制技术的直接转矩控制(SVM-DTC)系统。利用两个PI控制器分别调节磁链和转矩实现对电机空间矢量中转矩和磁链两分量的解耦,同时采用基于转子位置和定子电流的定子磁链估算方法观测定子磁链,并设计滑模变结构无速度传感器来估算转子位置。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能有效地估算定子磁链与转速,减小电磁转矩和定子磁链脉动,从而使系统具有较好的动、静性能。     

基于参数辨识的永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制

针对电机运行过程中参数变化会影响永磁同步电机(PMSM)无位置传感器控制性能的问题,将递推的最小二乘法(RLS)用于PMSM参数的在线辨识,在最大转矩电流比控制策略下,使用基于BP神经网络改进的模型参考自适应系统构建无位置传感器控制方案,提出了基于在线参数辨识的PMSM无位置传感器控制方案。运用递推的RLS对PMSM的交轴电感和转子磁链进行在线辨识,并将参数辨识结果应用于电机无位置传感器算法中。仿真和试验证明了基于递推的RLS参数辨识算法可以对PMSM的转子磁链和交轴电感值进行准确辨识,基于参数辨识的PMSM无位置传感器控制方案性能更好。     

一种新型极低速异步电机无速度传感器控制方法

提出了一种基于信号注入的新型极低速异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制方法.该方法通过注入低频定子电流信号得到转子位置角度误差,并进而估计电机转速.该方法不依赖于异步电机的非理想特性,仅由基波模型就可实现极低速段的转速估计.此外,该方法还具有较强的电机参数鲁棒性.仿真及实验结果证明,基于低频信号注入的方法可以很好地实现异步电机在极低速段的无速度传感器矢量控制.     

无速度传感器的永磁同步电动机滑模控制

采用反演控制理论构造了永磁同步电动机的速度观测器,并运用滑模变结构控制理论设计了系统控制策略.该方法利用了反演控制稳定性强,动、静态性能优良的特点,设计的观测器结构简单、精度高、稳定性好.使用滑模控制理论设计系统总体控制方法,可以有效抑制负载和参数变化带来的扰动,从而提高了系统的鲁棒性.文章对所提出的控制策略进行了理论分析,并且通过Matlab进行了仿真实验.仿真结果表明,该控制方法有效地实现了电机的转速跟踪,具有良好的动、静态特性和鲁棒性.     

异步电动机低速时无速度传感器控制的一种新方案

介绍了一种新的简单的用于高性能异步电动机控制的定子电阻估算方法.利用旋转坐标沿定子电流矢量方向定向,可使定子电阻直接从异步电动机的数学模型中获得.通过电机在低速范围的运行,用无速度传感器直接磁场定向控制系统来检测提出的方法.控制系统用了两个观测器:一个是用于估计转子磁链的卡尔曼滤波观测器,另一个是用于辨识速度的模型参考自适应观测器.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

An adaptive sliding-mode observer with a tangent function-based PLL structure for position sensorless PMSM drives

This paper proposes a position estimation strategy for the sensorless control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) based on an improved sliding-mode observer (SMO) and a tangent function-based phase-locked loop (PLL) structure. The improved SMO adopts a rotor speed-related adaptive feedback gain, and is able to derive a flux model-based estimator that contains rotor position and speed direction information. To extract accurate rotor position from the proposed SMO and reduce position estimation errors in both forward and reverse rotation of the PMSM, a tangent function-based PLL structure is established. The proposed SMO together with the PLL structure realises a solution to position and speed estimation for sensorless PMSM drives. Compared with the conventional back electromotive force (EMF)-based position estimator, the proposed position estimation strategy has advantages of simple design and robust estimation performance at a wider speed range. Effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated with simulations on virtual platform.     

一种用于SPMSM的改进型滑模模型参考自适应系统观测器

为了提高表贴式永磁同步电机（SPMSM）无传感器控制系统的精度和稳定性，针对传统PI控制存在鲁棒性不足的问题，提出了一种采用带有线性校正项的快速超螺旋滑模模型参考自适应系统观测器（FSTA-SM-MRASO）。所提观测器将快速超螺旋算法（FSTA）与模型参考自适应系统（MRAS）观测器相结合，构建了基于FSTA\|SM\|MRASO的SPMSM无传感器矢量控制系统。通过MATLAB/Simulink平台进行仿真，验证了所提策略的有效性。     

基于改进滑模观测器的PMSM无位置传感器矢量控制系统

将用于预测永磁同步电动机转子位置和转速的滑模观测器进行了改造,并构建了无位置传感器矢量控制系统;并在此基础上提出了一种用于补偿转子位置角预测误差的改进方法;最后用Matlab仿真验证了算法的有效性,对结果进行了分析讨论.