一维固-液平板声子晶体中弹性波的模式和带隙

利用一维固-液结构平板声子晶体中弹性波横向受限的条件,推导出弹性波在一维固-液结构平板声子晶体中各个模式满足的关系式,利用这个关系式并结合转移矩阵计算出弹性波各模式的带隙随模式量子数和平板厚度以及入射角的变化规律。得出了一些不同于一维固-液结构非受限声子晶体带隙的新特征。     

杂质吸收对一维声子晶体滤波器设计的影响

为了研究杂质吸收对一维声子晶体滤波器设计的影响,引入复波数并推导出一维掺杂声子晶体的转移矩阵,计算了一维掺杂声子晶体的透射系数随衰减系数的变化特征。得出：滤波透射峰的峰值随杂质的衰减系数增加而迅速减小,滤波透射峰的半高宽随衰减系数增加而增大。滤波透射峰的峰值和半高宽都随吸收杂质的厚度的增加而减小。在设计声子晶体滤波器时,必须考虑杂质吸收这一重要因素,应选择衰减系数小于0.0005k的掺杂材料,并且杂质的厚度应小于一个波长。     

固-流结构矩形声子晶体中弹性波的传输特性

利用一维固-流结构矩形声子晶体中弹性波横向受限的条件,推导出弹性波在其中各个模式满足的关系式,利用它研究了弹性波各模式的特性。并利用色散法研究了弹性波的传输特性随模式量子数和矩形边长的变化规律。得出了一些不同于一维非受限声子晶体的新特征,即一维矩形声子晶体的禁带由模式量子数确定,禁带频率中心和频率宽度与模式量子数和边长有关。     

固-液结构平板掺杂声子晶体中弹性波的缺陷模

利用一维固-液结构平板掺杂声子晶体中弹性波横向受限的条件推导出弹性波在一维固-液结构平板掺杂声子晶体中各个模式满足的关系式,并利用关系式研究了各个模式弹性波的特性。利用转移矩阵计算出弹性波各个模式的缺陷模随模式量子数以及平板厚度的变化特征,得出了一些一维固-液结构平板掺杂声子晶体缺陷模的新特征。     

平板声子晶体的全反射隧穿效应及其滤波特性

为了研究一维平板声子晶体中弹性波的全反射隧穿效应,利用传输矩阵法计算了弹性波在大于全反射角入射一维平板方形声子晶体的透射率。在透射波中发现了全反射隧穿效应,并且全反射隧穿峰具有优良的多通道滤波特性。得出了一维平板声子晶体的全反射隧穿的滤波特性随模式量子数、平板厚度以及周期数的变化规律,为设计性能优良的多通道声子晶体滤波器提供了理论依据。     

一维杆状声子晶体的带隙特性

用有限元方法计算了一维杆状声子晶体的振动传输特性及其振动模态,从振形角度分析了一维杆状声子晶体相关参数(物理参数、尺寸参数)对带隙起始频率及带隙宽度的影响,发现带隙的形成与其模态振形密切相关,各参数对声子晶体带隙的影响主要是影响了个模态所在的频率,从而改变了其带隙的起始位置及宽度。     

一维声子晶体中弹性波的全反射贯穿效应

为了研究一维声子晶体中弹性波的全反射贯穿效应,利用转移矩阵法计算了弹性波在大于全反射角入射一维声子晶体的透射率。在透射波中发现了两条透射峰带,即出现了全反射贯穿效应。得出了贯穿效应随入射角的变化规律、贯穿效应随介质厚度的变化规律以及贯穿效应随周期数的变化规律。并利用波的量子理论和渐逝波的理论对一维声子晶体的贯穿效应作出了定性的理论解释     

一类声子晶体角梁的振动带隙研究

针对声子晶体直梁的低维窄带减振特性的不足,提出了一类声子晶体角梁。采用传递矩阵法对角梁进行了理论分析和数值求解,并进行了有限元仿真验证。分析结果表明：声子晶体角梁能够通过纵向振动和弯曲振动的转化使得组成梁的两种带隙同时得以发挥减振作用,从而有效地实现了宽频多维减振;声子晶体角梁的构造角度对其减振性能有明显的影响,90度角梁减振能力明显优于45度和135度情况;当加载角由0度向90度变化时,角梁内的振动由纵向振动为主逐渐过渡到弯曲振动占主导地位,弯曲带隙内的衰减也随之更加显著,反之亦然;扭簧能够加强角梁的“弹簧-振子”效应,不仅可以增加总振动带隙的宽度和衰减量,而且提高了低频区减振能力。     

基于辛数学方法的一维声子晶体禁带计算

将一维声子晶体的原胞简化为有限多个自由度的弹簧振子结构,在辛对偶变量体系下探讨晶格振动,引入辛数学方法确定波矢与本证值的色散关系。通过本证值计数法计算特征频率,从而得到禁带区间。与传统集中质量法相比,该算法的计算结果与之吻合很好,且提高了计算精度和计算效率,更重要的是在低频处收敛性更好。     

单片与双片式可调节人工晶体屈光调节力研究(英文)

给出了一种双片式可调节人工晶体模型,并通过符合实际人眼情况的模拟方法,即人工晶体在眼内移动后,在接近相同人眼成像质量条件下,比较了正透镜-正透镜、负透镜-正透镜、正透镜-负透镜三种不同组合形式的双片式可调节人工晶体和单片式可调节人工晶体对人眼屈光调节力影响,结果表明:当正透镜-负透镜组合的双片式可调节人工晶体的正透镜在相对负透镜移动的距离与单片式可调节人工晶体在眼内移动距离相等时,该型双片式可调节人工晶体使人眼获得的屈光调节力明显较高,且屈光调节力的大小随正透镜和负透镜屈光度的增大而增大,正透镜-正透镜-负透镜-正透镜型人工晶体屈光调节力低于单片式人工晶体,对人眼成像质量影响较大的球差Z40项从0.096到0.263变化,人眼屈光调节力仅改变0.03D,以上所得结论为设计新一代的双片式可调节人工晶体提供了一定的理论基础.     

纹影法在超声场成像中的应用

纹影法成像系统具有分辨率高、成像速度快等特点,可以实现稳态声场分布以及声波传播的瞬态过程快速成像。将纹影法应用于瞬态声传播特性以及声子晶体声场的成像研究。在瞬态成像时,记录了单脉冲辐照固体表面产生的泄漏瑞利波和泄漏纵波的传播过程,并且与仿真结果进行比较,两者的泄漏波辐射角较一致。在声子晶体声场的成像中,通过改变入射频率,观察到了声子晶体在其工作频率时背表面的稳态声场,为其俘获颗粒能力的研究与分析提供了直观的实验依据。     

High tolerance to spherical aberrations and defects of focus with a birefringent lens

We report a systematic investigation of the imaging behavior of an optical system consisting of a lens from a uniaxial birefringent crystal sandwiched between two linear polarizers into which primary spherical aberration has been introduced. The proposed system has higher tolerance to primary spherical aberration and has a larger depth of focus than an imaging system found with an isotropic lens. Some specific cases are computed and illustrated graphically.     

Focusing properties of a photonic crystal slab with multiple mechanisms in addition to negative refraction

A brief review of imaging by a photonic crystal (PC) slab with negative refraction is given. The focusing properties of the PC with multiple mechanisms in addition to negative refraction are studied by the finite-difference time-domain method. In addition to the effect of negative refraction, there are multiple mechanisms that are all attributed to the PC focusing properties, including Bragg diffraction, excitation of the surface mode, and self-collimation. The resulting field pattern is the total result of these factors. Bragg diffraction occurs in the high-frequency domain and mainly influences the quality of focusing in the optical axis direction. The excitation of the surface mode improves the resolution of focusing. Self-collimation makes the focusing position deviate from Snell's law.     

温度与荷载耦合下农村公路混凝土路面板结构尺寸优化

为优化农村公路混凝土路面板结构设计以减小路面板厚度和节约成本,对板尺寸和板厚进行研究,分析正负温度梯度下交通荷载的最不利位置,建立文克尔地基上的板模型进行计算。研究结果表明:相比于板厚,板平面尺寸对板中最大拉应力的影响更大,因此可通过减小板尺寸来减小板厚;将只承受轮载作用的板称为小尺寸板,其临界板尺寸为2.0 m×2.0 m;路基反应模量对小尺寸路面板的板中最大拉应力影响不大;考虑疲劳损伤的小尺寸板在正、负温度梯度(15℃和-15℃)下的临界板厚分别为19 cm和16 cm。研究结果可以为节约成本为目的农村公路路面板结构尺寸优化设计提供参考。     

高效非成像聚光光学系统设计与性能分析

针对菲涅尔透镜存在实际光学效率偏低的问题,本文设计了一种由非球面透镜和棒锥镜组成的高效非成像聚光光学系统。在光学设计软件Zemax的序列模式下对非球面透镜进行了优化设计,通过最大程度地减小球差,像面光斑的几何半径从42 mm降到了1.7 mm。基于此,在Zemax的非序列模式下,完成了非球面透镜和棒锥镜的建模和优化,通过蒙特卡罗光线追迹分析实现了光学效率为87%、接收角为0.9°的非成像聚光光学系统。最后,基于非球面透镜阵列和棒锥镜样品,实现了高倍聚光型光伏模组的封装与测试。测试结果表明,该模组的光电转换效率达30.03%,与菲涅尔透镜构成的高倍聚光型光伏模组相比有显著提升。     

Examination of the effect of the fibrous structure of a lens on the optical characteristics of the human eye: a computer-simulated model

We introduce a model of the human eye for which we take into consideration the laminated nature of lens fibers. The thickness of each lamina is 5.6 μm; thus the lens comprises 300 eccentric lenses of minute dimensions. The index gradient of the lens is such that the index of refraction increases exponentially from the lens core to its peripheral zone. A vector ray-tracing technique is employed to study the optical haracteristics of the system. Both paraxial and marginal rays are simulated, and the angles of incidence vary from 0° to ±20°. Special attention is given to the meridional caustic surfaces as well as the wave-front distortion of the refracted rays. A quasi-Newton optimization technique is employed to obtain the best parameters for the system. A computer modeling program, written in FORTRAN 77, is used to simulate a ray's refraction through the multisurfaces of the eye. The results show full agreement with previous data and that the cornea is responsible for eliminating possible spherical aberration of the system.     

Design of lenses to project the image of a pupil in optical testing interferometers

When an optical surface or lens in an interferometer (Twyman-Green or Fizeau interferometer) is tested, the wave front at the pupil of the element being tested does not have the same shape as at the observation plane, because this shape changes along its propagation trajectory if the wave front is not flat or spherical. An imaging lens must then be used, as reported many times in the literature, to project the image of the pupil of the system being tested over the observation plane. This lens is especially necessary if the deviation of the wave front from sphericity is large, as in the case of testing paraboloidal or hyperboloidal surfaces. We show that the wave front at both positions does not need to have the same shape. The only condition is that the interferograms at both places be identical, which is a different condition. This leads to some considerations that should be taken into account in the optical design of such lenses.     

Resolution of negative-index slabs

Different definitions of the resolution of negative-index-material (NIM) slabs and classical optical lenses with magnification 1 are presented and evaluated for both cases. Several numerical codes--based on domain and boundary discretizations and working in the time and frequency domains--are applied and compared. It is shown that superresolution depends very much on the definition of resolution and that it may be obtained not only for NIM slabs but also for highly refracting classical lenses when the distances of the image and source points from the surface of the lens or slab are shorter than the wavelength.     

Patterning flood illumination with microlens arrays

We describe a convenient lithographic technique that can produce simple, repetitive micropatterns over large areas (several square centimeters). The technique uses an illuminated array of micrometer-scale lenses to generate an array of optical patterns in an image plane located within micrometer distances from the lens array. A layer of photoresist, placed in the image plane, records the patterns. Microlenses with different sizes, profiles, composition, and indices of refraction produce corresponding patterns in exposed and developed photoresist. Both spherical and nonspherical microlenses were examined. Several types of optical element containing arrays of microlenses were fabricated and used to demonstrate that this technique can generate uniform micropatterns over large areas (>4 cm2) in a single exposure. The smallest features produced had dimensions of approximately 100 nm.