Pulse-train uniformity in optical fiber lasers passivelymode-locked by nonlinear polarization rotation

The generation of uniform soliton pulse trains by additive pulse mode locking has been experimentally demonstrated in a birefringent fiber laser with a passive polarizer. Numerical simulations of pulse propagation around such a fiber loop are presented which reveal that this mode-locking scheme does not result in strictly uniform pulse trains. Rather, the train of output pulses exhibits periodic fluctuations in intensity and polarization. A model for the pulse dynamics is developed which shows that these fluctuations depend on the strength of the fiber birefringence and the alignment of the polarizer with the fast- and slow-polarization axes of the fiber. It is also shown that increased uniformity of pulse trains is achieved with near alignment of the polarizer with the slow axis of the birefringence     

Generation of over 140-nm-wide super-continuum from a normaldispersion fiber by using a mode-locked semiconductor laser source

The super-continuum (SC) spectrum flatly broadened over 140-nm 10-dB bandwidth is generated by using a mode-locked semiconductor laser as a pulse source at 1550 nm. In our SC generation system, nearly Fourier-transform limited 0.9-ps pulses obtained through linear and nonlinear pulse compression are incident on a dispersion-flattened fiber having a small normal group-velocity dispersion. While the pulses pass through the normal dispersion fiber, the pulse waveform is adapted to suit the accumulation of a linear chirp, which leads to the flat and wide-band SC spectrum     

Design of optimum supercontinuum spectrum generation in a dispersion decreasing fiber

To facilitate the efficient support of quality-of-service(Qo S)for promising free-space optical(FSO)communication systems,it is essential to model and analyze FSO channels in terms of delay Qo S.However,most existing works focus on the average capacity and outage capacity for FSO,which are not enough to characterize the effective transmission data rate when delay-sensitive service is applied.In this paper,the effective capacity of FSO communication systems under statistical Qo S provisioning constraints is investigated to meet heterogeneous traffic demands.A novel closed-form expression for effective capacity is derived under the combined effects of atmospheric turbulence conditions,pointing errors,beam widths,detector sizes and Qo S exponents.The obtained results reveal the effects of some significant parameters on effective capacity,which can be used for the design of FSO systems carrying a wide range of services with diverse Qo S requirements.     

基于微结构光纤的10 GHz超过1100信道的平坦超连续谱光源

报道了一种基于微结构光纤的宽带、平坦超连续谱(SC)光源。利用锁模半导体激光器产生的1.6ps,重复率为10GHz的光脉冲,通过一段80m的色散平坦高非线性微结构光纤(HNL-MF),在1.55μm波长区域产生了谱宽超过100nm的平坦超连续谱。实验中采用的微结构光纤的非线性系数约为11W-1·km-1。光纤具有小的正常色散和平坦的色散特性,在1550nm波长处,光纤的色散值约为-0.58ps·nm-1·km-1,而在1500～1650nm波长范围内,光纤的色散值变化小于1.5ps·nm-1·km-1。实验中获得的宽带、平坦超连续谱在1503～1593nm宽达90nm的波长范围内,具有±2.5dB的平坦度。该宽带、平坦超连续谱能同时提供波长间隔为10GHz,超过1100路的多波长载波信道。通过对光谱滤波,获得了速率为10Gbit/s的多波长脉冲序列。这样的超连续谱光源在波分复用(WDM)光通信系统、光波长变换等方面都有重要的应用。     

Fiber Bragg grating for optical dark soliton generation

We investigate theoretically and experimentally the generation of dark soliton pulse trains at several gigahertz repetition rate by means of a fiber Bragg grating used as a passive filtering element at the output of a mode-locked laser. We show that a proper choice of the grating parameters allows for the transformation of bright pulse train into odd dark pulse trains with continuous-wave (CW) background.     

GHz pulse train generation in fiber lasers by cavity induced modulation instability

We report on the experimental generation of highly stable pulse trains with GHz level repetition rate in a ring cavity fiber laser. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the generation mechanism of the pulse trains was due to the cavity induced modulation instability (CIMI) lasing of the fiber laser. Coexistence of the conventional modulation instability (MI) and the CIMI in the same fiber laser were also experimentally observed. It shows that the two effects are independent of each other.     

光纤中超连续脉冲的频谱展宽

为了产生高重复频率的多波长短光脉冲,利用锁模掺铒光纤激光器作为抽运光源,对色散位移光纤中的超连续脉冲进行了实验研究,成功实现了输出脉冲的频谱展宽.实验也发现,制约这个实验结果的主要因素是光纤激光器的输出脉冲的稳定性不够和功率不高.     

Noise characterization of a regeneratively mode-locked fiber ringlaser

A regeneratively mode-locked fiber ring laser (RML-FRL) and an active harmonically mode-locked fiber ring laser (ML-FRL) have been characterized for both amplitude and phase noise by investigating the detected RF spectra of the optical pulse trains. Quantification of noise in the optical pulses reveals that the stability of the RML-FRL in terms of noise performance is superior to its ML-FRL counterpart. The optical pulse noise was measured over a frequency band of 100 Hz to 100 kHz and it was found that the pulse amplitude noise reduced from 0.6% in the ML-FRL to 0.3% in the RML-PRL. The total rms noise in the detected optical pulses from the RML-FRL improved by more than 30% compared to that measured for the ML-FRL, with a phase noise improvement of 15 dB at 100 kHz offset frequency from the carrier. An rms timing jitter of 0.38 ps was estimated in the optical pulse train from the ML-FRL, which reduced to 0.26 ps in the RML-FRL. In addition, complete elimination of the relaxation oscillations noise spikes in the detected RF spectrum of the optical pulses from the RML-FRL has been observed     

Complete characterization of terahertz pulse trains generated fromnonlinear processes in optical fibers

The measurement technique of frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is used to characterize the intensity and phase of terahertz pulse trains generated from nonlinear and dispersive interactions in optical fibers. We show that existing FROG retrieval algorithms are easily adapted to allow the retrieval of periodic pulse characteristics and, using synthetic pulse trains generated from numerical simulations, we demonstrate how FROG can differentiate between periodic pulse trains with fundamentally different intensity and phase characteristics, yet qualitatively similar autocorrelation functions and spectra. Experimental results are presented for the FROG characterization of a 0.3-THz sinusoidal beat signal from a dual wavelength laser source, a 2.5-THz train of dark solitons generated in a high-birefringence fiber, and a 0.6-THz bright polarization domain wall soliton train generated in an ultra-low birefringence fiber. These results are shown to be in good agreement with nonlinear Schrodinger equation simulations     

硫系化物悬吊芯光纤产生温控可调谐超连续谱

设计了一种以高非线性三硫化二砷(As2Se3)作为纤芯、以温敏材料甲苯填充包层的悬吊芯光纤,并提出了一种产生可调谐超连续谱(SC)的方法。通过全矢量有限元法数值模拟了光纤中传输光的色散和非线性特性,利用非线性薛定谔方程和分步傅里叶算法分析了在甲苯临界温度为-90~110℃范围内产生的SC,并进行了结构参数和泵浦参量的优化;引入光谱平坦度(SFM)的概念,对模拟产生的SC进行定量分析。研究发现,当光纤纤芯直径为3μm时,利用中心波长为3.1μm、峰值功率为20 kW、脉冲宽度为300 fs的泵浦源可在临界温度下实现1.20μm光谱宽度的调谐;随着可调谐光谱宽度的增大,SFM略有下降,SFM的取值范围为0.89~0.92,这说明SC保持平坦。产生的可调谐SC在物质探测、光谱学和环境分析等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Supercontinuum Generation in Normal-dispersion Photonic Crystal Fiber Using Picosecond Pulse

Studied is the Super-continuum （SC） generation of a normal-dispersion photonic crystal fiber （PCF） using picosecond pulse excitation. In experimental analyses, a 237 nm broadband infrared continuum was generated pumped at 1 550 nm（normal dispersion regime） by 1.6 ps pulses from an erbium-doped fiber laser. In addition, we conduct the numerical analyses of SC based on generalized nonlinear Schr dionger equation. The results have been applied to investigate the dominant physical processes underlie the generation - of SC. We conclude that dispersion, self-phase modulation （SPM）, four-wave-mixing （FWM） and Raman scattering are determinants of SC generation rather than fission of soliton in normal-dispersion PCF.     

全光纤结构超短脉冲超连续谱的产生及其特性研究

超连续光谱以其光谱范围宽、平坦度好、空间相干度高和可实现的较高功率,被广泛应用于相干成像技术、光谱分析、干涉测量等诸多领域.理论上超连续光谱可由超短脉冲通过高非线性介质来实现,期间伴随着自相位调制(SPM)、受激拉曼散射(SRS)、四波混频效应(FWM).随着光纤技术的发展,利用峰值功率高、光光转换效率高、体积小、结构紧凑的掺Yb超短脉冲光纤激光器作为泵浦源,高非线性的光子晶体光纤作为非线性介质来产生超连续光谱.采用主振荡功率放大结构(MOPA),自行搭建了全光纤锁模脉冲放大器,并通过熔接的方式将其耦合进入长为10 m、零色散点为1 040 nm的光子晶体光纤,在对熔接过程中放电时间、放电间隔、熔接损耗等参数进行优化后,获得了8.14 W的超连续光谱.     

基于超连续谱产生的波长转换实验研究

本文对基于超连续谱产生的波长转换进行了实验研究。实验中首先搭建了主动锁模掺铒光纤激光器,然后将其产生的脉冲放大后注入色散位移光纤,利用双通结构获得了超连续光谱,最后用光纤光栅滤波实现了波长转换。实验得到了宽度为80nm的超连续谱,用光纤光栅滤波得到了峰值功率为-37.27dBm,信噪比是26.83dB,脉冲宽度为3ns的转换脉冲。     

A sequentially self-seeded Fabry-Perot laser for two-dimensional encoding/decoding of optical pulses

Multiwavelength optical pulse trains with variable two-dimensional (2-D) code patterns formed by a single encoder have been generated from a self-seeded gain-switched Fabry-Perot (F-P) laser for the first time. Mechanically tunable cascaded fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are used to construct the reconfigurable encoder, which acts as a discrete nonlinear dispersive component in the subharmonically pulse-gated external cavity of the laser to generate multiwavelength pulse trains with a variable 2-D code pattern defined by the settings of the FBG string. Four distinct repetitive patterns (corresponding to four different 2-D codes) of optical pulse trains, each made up of up to four pulses generated sequentially with different wavelengths, have been produced at a repetition rate of 250 MHz. The output pulses obtained by this method are much more intense and stable than those obtained from a free-running F-P laser. Furthermore, the different pulse patterns obtained show that the scheme can allow easy switching among different 2-D codes by simply reconfiguring the FBG string. Hence this laser with the embedded reconfigurable encoder should be a viable optical source for incoherent 2-D fiber-optic code-division multiple access (FO-CDMA) applications. Near-error-free transmission of data at 250 Mbit/s employing this laser/encoder over 9.5 km standard single mode fiber has been successfully demonstrated, thus confirming its performance and viability for FO-CDMA.     

Generation and wavelength switching of picosecond pulses by optically modulating a semiconductor optical amplifier in a fiber laser with optical delay line

A novel actively mode-locked fiber laser having a semiconductor optical amplifier playing the roles of both a gain element and an optically controlled mode-locker and eight cascaded fiber Bragg gratings playing the role of the wavelength selecting element is proposed and demonstrated. Stable amplitude equalized pulse trains with a pulsewidth about 43 ps at 2.5 GHz have been obtained by injecting optical control signals into the laser. Wavelength switching among eight wavelengths is achieved by merely tuning an intracavity optical delay line. This all-optical generation and wavelength-switching scheme should be useful in applications where picosecond pulse trains at high repetition rates are desired.     

Generation of a 4 /spl times/ 100 GHz pulse-train from a single-wavelength 10-GHz mode-locked laser using superimposed fiber Bragg gratings and nonlinear conversion

In this paper, the design of a simple and practical repetition-rate multiplier based on superimposed-chirped fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is presented. A tenfold increase in the repetition rate of a mode-locked fiber source, by generating a 100-GHz optical pulse train from a 10-GHz train, is demonstrated experimentally. As compared with previous demonstrations, the superimposed FBG filter was specifically designed to decrease the duty cycle of the generated pulse train or, in other words, decrease the pulsewidth. In addition, a fiber nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) is used to eliminate the pulse-to-pulse phase fluctuations in the output high-repetition-rate train and to achieve a wavelength-tunable transform-limited pulse sequence. Moreover, it is shown that nonlinear conversion using the NOLM can be used to simultaneously generate multiwavelength high-repetition-rate optical pulse trains (4 /spl times/ 100 GHz in the example shown here).     

Regenerative periodic pulse trains in linear, single-mode opticalfibers: effect of finite source linewidths

A periodic pulse train launched within a linear dispersive optical fiber regenerates itself at distances that depend on the period of the pulse train. The effect of using a single longitudinal-mode laser source with a Gaussian power spectrum to modulate a periodic pulse train is considered, and the resulting expressions for regenerative periodic pulse trains are analyzed as functions of the source linewidth. It is shown that these pulse trains decay exponentially. Effects of operating such systems in the first- and second-order dispersion regimes are considered     

五阶非线性光纤中光扰动所致超短脉冲串的产生

从光纤中包含五阶非线性效应的扩展非线性薛定谔方程出发,采用分步傅里叶算法,数值模拟了连续光波的幅度受到正弦光扰动的调制后在光纤中演化分裂成超短脉冲串的过程,探讨了五阶非线性效应和正弦调制周期对脉冲串形成和演化特点以及相应频谱的影响.结果表明,与三阶非线性相比,正五阶非线性使形成超短脉冲串的最佳光纤长度缩短,形成的单个脉冲宽度更窄、峰值功率更高,负五阶非线性则相反.正弦调制周期将影响脉冲串的重复率和最佳光纤距离.随传输距离的增加,单个脉冲可能分裂成两个甚至三个分脉冲,在主脉冲之间还可能出现一定数量的峰值功率弱的次脉冲.就频谱特性而言,正(负)五阶非线性可增多(减小)光波频率成分、加宽(窄化)频谱;视主脉冲有无分裂以及次脉冲的存在与否,频谱的形状也会不同.     

Evaluation of amplitude-stabilized optical pulse trains from rational harmonically mode-locked fiber ring lasers

This paper investigates rational harmonically mode-locked fiber ring lasers generating amplitude-stabilized fourth-order optical pulse trains at 13.91 GHz using a modulation signal frequency of 3.477 GHz. Pulse amplitude stabilization in terms of both amplitude equality and low amplitude noise is realized by using the nonlinear characteristics of a Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator in conjunction with intracavity optical filtering. The generated optical pulse trains are investigated for their amplitude equalization, amplitude noise, supermode noise suppression, and pulse timing jitter. It is shown that the pulses remained close to transform-limited over an operating wavelength range of 1535-1565 nm.     

10 GHz主动锁模光纤激光器

报道了由电吸收调制器 (EAM)和半导体光放大器 (SOA)构成的 10GHz光纤锁模激光器 ,可输出脉宽为 10ps,谱宽为 0 4nm近变换极限的锁模光脉冲序列。该激光器在未加反馈控制回路情况下 ,可稳定工作 6h以上。并对EAM和SOA工作参数对锁模脉冲性能的影响进行了分析。