油茶肉质果和肉质叶开发价值及食用安全性分析

研究了油茶肉质果和肉质叶营养成分及食用安全性。成熟的肉质果（叶）各成分质量分数分别为：水分91．36％（91．58％）、蛋白质7．81％（6．56％）、脂肪3．7％（2．90％）、还原糖30．41％（21．83％）、总糖37．23％（29．28％）、茶皂素2．44％（1．46％）、灰分3．45％。（4．55％）、酸度0．35％（0．46％）。测定的矿物元素中，肉质叶、果的钙含量分别为411．3mg、359mg；锰的含量分别为31．35mg和33．06mg；含有16种氨基酸；所测的6种维生素中，维生素C和叶酸含量较高。毒性试验结果显示，样品为无毒野生果。微核试验和致畸试验结果表明：小鼠微核率与对照组比较，差异不显著（P〉0．05）。小鼠精子致畸率与阳性对照组比较无显著差异（P〉0．05）。样品对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果明显。该野生果基本无毒、无致突变物质，证明油茶肉质果、肉质叶是一种食用安全的野生果和食品资源。     

油茶肉质果、肉质叶提取液的保健功效

研究油茶肉质果、肉质叶提取液（EFF，EFY）的抗自由基、降血糖和抗癌作用。采用TBA比色法和小鼠红细胞氧化溶血抑制试验测定抗自由基作用；采用四氧嘧啶诱导糖尿病小鼠模型，分别用EFF和EFY灌胃7d测定降血糖作用；利用H22移植性实体瘤的方法研究抗癌作用。EFF具有显著消除体内自由基及抗脂质过氧化作用，与维生素E抗自由基及脂质过氧化效果相同；对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖有明显的降低作用，接近中药消渴丸的效果；能明显抑制小鼠H22移植性实体瘤的生长，油茶肉质果组的抑瘤率为54．9％，油茶肉质叶组的抑瘤率为30．2％，对动物白细胞、脾指数、胸腺指数无明显影响。EFF和EFY能有效控制糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平，维持正常代谢，对正常血糖小鼠无影响；具有提高SOD活性，清除自由基的作用；对癌症小鼠有显著的抑癌效果，与已报道的20种具有显著抗癌作用的蔬菜相比，油茶肉质果排在第9位，油茶肉质叶排在第15位。     

米团花色素的毒理学研究

采用热水提取，获得色价为1040U／mL的米团花色素，利用小鼠进行急性毒性（LD50）、微核试验、精子畸变和Ames试验等毒理学试验项目。结果表明：雌雄小鼠LD50〉21．5g/kgBW，属无毒级物质；2.50～10．0g／kg BW剂量的微核试验和精子畸变试验结果为阴性，受试物对体细胞和生殖细胞无诱变作用；Ames试验结果为阴性，受试物无直接或间接的致突变作用。     

油茶肉质果、叶提取液抗氧化作用的研究

通过观察FF/FL对Fe^2＋和H2O2激发的正常小鼠肝组织匀浆体外MDA生成的影响;观察FF/FL对H2O2诱导的红细胞氧化溶血的抑制作用;观察FF/FL对邻苯三酚自氧化产生的O2-·及Fe^3＋-EDTA-Vc-H2O2自由基产生系统产生的OH·的清除作用;连续7d灌胃FF/FL,测定小鼠体内SOD活性及MDA含量后,探讨油茶肉质果（FF）和油茶肉质叶（FL）提取物体内外抗氧化作用。结果：FF/FL均能抑制红细胞自氧化,FF/FL均可抑制Fe^2＋和H2O2激发的正常小鼠肝组织匀浆体外MDA的生成;FF/FL均能清除超氧阴离子（O2-·）和羟自由基（OH·）;FF/FL均能增加小鼠血清SOD活性及降低MDA含量。结论：FF/FL具有一定的抗氧化作用,能直接清除活性氧自由基,提高SOD的活性及降低MDA含量。     

天然白地霉菌株发酵产品的毒理安全性评价

研究产香白地霉菌株发酵产品的食用安全性。采用小鼠急性毒性试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验和30d喂养试验进行毒理学研究。急性毒性试验表明,白地霉发酵产品的小鼠LD50〉10．0g／kg体重,说明该受试物属于无毒级物质。骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验的结果为阴性,未显示出致突变性。30d喂养试验中各实验组（2．5、5．0、10．0g／kg体重）小白鼠生发育良好,体重、食物利用率,以及血常规、血液生化指标与对照组之间无显著差异,小白鼠组织解剖检查均未见病变,产香白地霉菌株发酵产品具有较好的饮用安全性,可作为饮料供消费者饮用。     

黑果枸杞色素的毒理学研究

目的:研究黑果枸杞色素作为食用色素使用的毒理学安全性。方法:利用小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸变试验和30d喂养试验进行毒理学研究。结果:急性毒性试验表明,黑果枸杞色素的KM小鼠LD50大于24g/kgbw,说明该受试物属于无毒级物质。遗传毒性试验:Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸变试验的结果皆为阴性,未显示出致突变性。而30d喂养试验表明,黑果枸杞色素在2.4、1.2、0.24g/kgbw剂量时,对动物的身体、脏器的生长发育以及血液生化指标等均无明显不良影响。结论:黑果枸杞色素具有较好的食用安全性,可以作为药食两用天然色素使用。     

油茶皂素毒性研究（Ⅲ）——油茶皂素对昆明种小鼠的致突变试验

报道了用乙醇法从油茶饼粕中提取的油茶皂素干粉（其含量＞８５％），对昆明种小鼠进行了致突变试验。经常规Ａｍｅｓ试验、骨髓ＰＣＥ微核试验和精子畸形试验，其研究结果三项试验均为阴性，可初步确认油茶皂素无致突变作用。     

粉葛氨糖复方毒理学安全性评价

按照保健食品安全性毒理学评价程序,采用急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验（Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验）和30 d喂养试验进行粉葛氨糖复方的安全性评价。结果粉葛氨糖复方对雌、雄昆明种小鼠的最大耐受剂量（MTD）均大于20.0 g/(kg?bw);三项遗传毒性试验（Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验）结果均为阴性;30 d喂养试验未见大鼠的生长发育、血液学、生化及组织病理学有异常变化。粉葛氨糖复方急性毒性分级属无毒级、无遗传毒性,在本实验剂量范围内,属安全性保健食品。     

Borojo果酶解浓缩粉的毒理学安全性评价

本文通过动物实验,研究Borojo果酶解浓缩粉的食用安全性。采用急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验及大鼠30天喂养试验对Borojoa果酶解浓缩粉进行评价。结果表明,雌雄小鼠经口急性毒性LD50〉21．5g/kg·bw,根据急陛毒性分级,受试物Borojo果酶解浓缩粉属无毒级物质;小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验结果与对照组比较均无显著性差异;大鼠30d喂养试验表明各剂量组动物体重增重、食物利用率、脏体比、血液学检查及血液生化检查与对照组比较均无显著性差异;病理检查主要脏器未见明显中毒性病理改变,说明Borojo果酶解浓缩粉属于安全性食品。     

大豆异黄酮复方胶囊食用安全性的评价

目的评价大豆异黄酮复方胶囊食用的安全性。方法依据食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法进行急性毒性试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验、Ames试验和30d喂养试验。结果小鼠经口最大耐受量〉20．0g／kg,属无毒物;骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和Ames试验结果均阴性;30d喂养试验各项指标均未见异常。结论在该试验条件下,食用大豆异黄酮复方胶囊是安全的。     

Antioxidant Activity,Total Phenolic Content and Selected Physicochemical Properties of White Mulberry (Morus Alba L.) Fruits

In this study, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, mineral content and selected physicochemical properties of three white mulberry phenotypes (Morus alba L.) grown in Turkey were measured. Moisture, total soluble solids, total sugar, sucrose, reducing sugar, protein, ash, pH, titratable acidity, color (L, a, b), vitamin C, total phenolic, antioxidant activity of fruits were determined between 72.85–79.75 g/100 g fresh fruit, 21.25–28.50 g/100 g fresh fruit, 12.18–17.02 g/100 g fresh fruit, 1.57–4.36 g/100 g fresh fruit, 9.42–15.46 g/100 g fresh fruit, 0.82–0.89 g/100 g fresh fruit, 2.20–2.65 g/100 g fresh fruit, 5.70–5.86, 0.25–0.28 g/100 g fresh fruit, 31.24–68.69, ?2.46 to 15.68, 4.58–21.74, 10.15–21.50 mg/100 g fresh fruit, 18.16–19.24 μg gallic acid equivalent/mg of sample, and 33.96–38.96%, of sample respectively. Fruits were generally found high in P and low in Ca.     

子二代商品大鲵不同可食部位营养成分分析

对子二代商品大鲵可食部位分布情况与营养成分进行分析,其中水分、蛋白质、脂肪与灰分采用国标的方法检测,还原糖采用蒽酮比色法。在大鲵体中可食部位占全鱼总质量的76.23%,其中皮肤占全鱼总质量的8.56%,肌肉（即白肉）部分主要分布在背部、腹部、尾部,占总质量的39.90%,血液和内脏占全鱼总质量的23.05%,脂肪组织主要集中分布在尾部,占总质量的4.73%;在不同可食部位中,营养成分主要由水分、蛋白质、脂肪和矿物质元素组成。蛋白质在大鲵体内分布规律为：皮肤〉背部肌肉〉尾部肌肉〉腹部肌肉〉肠〉肝脏〉脂肪。油脂成分在体内分布规律为：脂肪〉肝脏〉尾部肌肉〉肠〉腹部肌肉〉背部肌肉〉皮肤。还原糖只在肝脏中有检出,其他部位均未检出。在大鲵不同可食部位均含有丰富的微量元素。可见,子二代商品大鲵是一种营养价值较高的肉食食品。     

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of quince fruit pulp collected from different locations

This study was carried out to examine the physicochemical and functional characteristics of quince fruit pulp. The matured quince fruits were collected from different locations of Poonch, AJ&;K, Pakistan. Significant differences (P ? 0.05) were found among fruits collected from these locations. The quince pulp has the following characteristics: pH (3.43), total soluble solids (14.22°Brix), acidity (1.25%), carbohydrate (13.38 g/100 g), reducing sugar (5.15 g/100 g), non-reducing sugar (4.61 g/100 g), moisture (84.27 g/100 g), ash (0.62 g/100 g), fat (0.24 g/100 g), protein (0.49 g/100 g), fiber (1.65 g/100 g), ascorbic acid (15.46 mg/100 g), and total phenolic (68.13 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g) and antioxidant activity (50.05%). This exploration is the basic direction, which highlights the nutritional characteristics of quince fruit grown in AJ&;K, Pakistan.     

Wild edible fruit diversity and its significance in the livelihood of indigenous tribals: Evidence from eastern India

A number of wild plants, used by rural and tribal populations and contributing significantly to their livelihood and food security have escaped recognition and scientific inquiry. Their distribution, conservation, mode of harvest by locals and optimal use require region-specific assessment in order to integrate them into developmental interventions. This study analyzed the collection, consumption, sale and income from edible forest fruits in 49 tribal villages spread over five districts of Orissa State in eastern India. Density, dominance and diversity of species yielding wild fruit were measured by studying ecological parameters in the sample plots. We estimated an average of 48 fruit plants per hectare of deciduous forests. Fifty-six wild edible fruit species belonging to 40 genera in 26 families were recorded in the study region, many of which have multiple uses. Indigenous fruits formed part of the family diet with average annual consumption of 73 kg per household. Sale of wild fruits contributed 15 % of income for tribal households. Despite their good knowledge of indigenous fruits, the tribal populations have not adopted fruit tree farming which would enhance their nutrition and income.     

POSTHARVEST SENSORY AND PHYSIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF PROCESSING AND NONPROCESSING TOMATO CULTIVARS

Fruits of processing and nonprocessing tomato cultivars harvested at the “breaker” stage of maturity were evaluated for changes in physical, chemical and sensory quality characteristics during storage at 20C and 30C after 7, 14 and 21 days. Percentage marketable fruits after 21 days at 20C and 30C were 61.9% and 56.6% for processing cultivars and 65.9% and 50.9% for nonprocessing cultivars. Fruits of the processing cultivars ripened earlier, remained firmer and were less prone to physical injuries than fruits of nonprocessing cultivars. Nonprocessing fruits had a higher mean fruit weight of 17.0 g, fruit diameter of 1.10 mm and locule number of 13 compared with fruits of the processing cultivars. Nonprocessing fruit cultivars had higher sugar/acid ratios and vitamin C contents as well as lower pH and total titratable acidity than processing fruit cultivars. Accordingly, nonprocessing cultivars on the whole, but specifically Walters, Floradel, Carnival, Calypso, Star Pak, Floradade and Early Set were most suitable as fresh-market fruits. Excellent processing quality attributes were obtained for Donore, Peto 94C, Rio Grande and Advantage. Among processing cultivars Caraibe, Cascade, Dorado and Neema 1401 gave good dual purpose fruits.     

纳米SiO_x对壳聚糖膜CO_2透气性的影响

制备了不同纳米SiOx添加量的纳米SiOx/壳聚糖复合膜,研究纳米SiOx对复合膜CO2透气性能的影响,并且以"米良1号"猕猴桃为试材,在室温20～22℃,相对湿度63%～70%条件下,研究纳米SiOx添加量对猕猴桃呼吸作用以及对还原糖和总酸含量的影响。结果表明:纳米SiOx添加量为0.03 g/100 mL时,膜的CO2透过系数比对照降低了67.30%,猕猴桃呼吸高峰出现在第13天,比对照延迟了7天,并可有效地保持还原糖和总酸含量,说明该处理对猕猴桃的成熟衰老有明显的抑制作用。     

Effects of benzylaminopurine on mango fruit ripening

The total and reducing sugars, organic acid and free amino acid contents of the edible portions of mango (cv. Boribo) were determined in unripe and ripe fruits, both treated and untreated with benzylaminopurine (BA).Total and reducing sugar contents were increased and organic acids and free amino acid contents were decreased after ripening in both cases. Benzylaminopurine delayed ripening and the composition of the ripe fruit was different from that of the untreated control.     

构树果汁饮料加工及保鲜工艺研究

为了进一步开发利用桂西北丰富的构树资源,为喀斯特地区经济可持续发展提供理论支持,采集了广西宜州市城区及其周围野生的构树果实样品,用物理方法压榨果汁,得到52.21%的出汁率,测定了构树果实及其果汁的主要营养成分含量,结果发现,构树果实营养丰富,构树果实原汁的可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白、总氨基酸、Vc和脂肪的平均含量分别为18.31%、8.52mg/g、13.81%、50.89mg/100g、0.45%,利用构树果实加工的天然果汁,绿色、环保、健康、营养,具有较大的开发潜力。为了探讨简便易行的构树果汁饮料杀菌保鲜方法,用热杀菌法对构树果汁进行了处理,通过正交实验检测处理过的构树果汁中的微生物总菌菌落数,得到的构树果汁杀菌处理最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:2,加热温度100℃,灭菌时间15min。     

野生酸枣资源果实品质因子分析及评价指标选择

本研究利用初步筛选的50 份酸枣资源,采用SPSS分析软件进行因子分析和聚类分析,完成对单果质量、果皮色泽、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、VC含量、果形指数、单核质量等16 个果实品质性状的评价和分类。结果表明：因子分析提取了果实质量、果核质量、外观、营养成分等6 项主因子,累计方差贡献率达83.173%。将前6 个主因子载荷值进行主成分聚类分析,简化后的果实品质评价指标为：果皮色泽、单果质量、可滴定酸（或者VC）含量、单核质量、果核指数、果形指数（或者淀粉含量）、可溶性糖含量。选取简化后果实品质评价指标对酸枣资源进行聚类分析,在平方Euclidean距离为14.0时,可将供试50 份资源分为4 类,其中第一类可以作为酸度较大,果实色泽较好资源,第二类可作为果实大,可食率较大资源,第三类可作为选育糖度高的资源。