稳定煎炸油的天然抗氧化剂及应用效果研究进展

综述了可用于提高煎炸油稳定性的内源性天然抗氧化剂,来自具有独特内源性抗氧化剂植物油,农业加工副产物、香料和药草、水果和浆果的外源性天然抗氧化剂和主体自生的天然抗氧化剂及其这些天然抗氧化剂在棕榈油、菜籽油、大豆油和葵花籽油煎炸中的应用效果,为天然抗氧化剂在煎炸油中的应用提供了有效信息。     

天然抗氧化剂抑制油脂氧化的研究进展

油脂在长期贮藏中易受多种因素影响发生氧化酸败,不仅影响食物感官,降低营养价值,同时产生一些有毒物质导致人体衰老、癌症以及多种慢性疾病的发生。天然抗氧化剂因具有安全性高、抗氧化能力较强的特点,已被普遍运用于油脂抗氧化中。从酚类、色素类、多肽类、甾醇类物质以及多糖类物质5个方面,综述了近年来从动植物中提取的天然抗氧化物质对油脂抗氧化的作用,旨在为天然抗氧化剂的开发、应用,油脂储存、保质研究提供参考。     

天然酚类抗氧化剂（2）

简述了天然酚抗氧化剂对食品中植物油脂的自动氧化与抗氧化剂的反应机理，着重介绍了生育酚、黄酮类、酚酸等类化合物存在于自然界中的化学组成，抗氧化活性及个别提取方法。同时还分述了大豆、花生等十多种植物、植物流出物、植物薰剂与真菌中所含天然酚抗氧化剂的成分及其抗氧化活性。     

天然酚类抗氧化剂（1）

简述了天然抗氧化剂对食品中植物油脂的自动氧化的反应机理，着重介绍了生育酚、黄酮类、酚酸等类化合物存在于自然界中的化学组成，抗氧化活性及个别提取方法。同时还分述了大豆、花生等十多种植物、植物流出物、植物薰剂与真菌中所含天然酚抗氧化剂的成分及其抗氧化活性。     

食品中的天然酚类抗氧化剂

<正> 在加工、运输及销售期间,食品品质劣化的原因有微生物污染、脂质氧化及褪色等。除了微生物造成的腐败之外,脂质氧化常使食品组织变差、香味丧失、营养价值降低,以及安全顾虑的产生等,想解决这些问题,在食品中添加抗氧化剂是可行且有效的方法之一。食品中的油脂受到日光、氧气、离子辐射、金属离子或酶     

从天然植物中开发抗氧化剂研究进展

综述了天然植物中起抗氧化作用的活性成分及其抗氧化和清除自由基的作用机理及国内外天然植物开发天然抗氧化剂的一些研究现状和新进展，并提出了一些展望。     

天然抗氧化剂抑制油脂氧化的研究进展

油脂氧化是食品工业中经常遇到、严重影响食品品质的主要问题之一.虽然应用各类人工合成抗氧化剂在抑制食品中脂肪氧化的问题上取得了比较好的效果,但是这一类抗氧化剂会带来食品安全问题.深入研究和推广应用天然抗氧化剂是同时解决脂肪氧化和食品安全问题的重要途径.     

天然抗氧化剂在油脂中的应用研究进展

深入研究和利用自然界中存在的天然抗氧化剂,既能解决油脂氧化,又能解决食品安全问题,而且还可以开发保健型食用油脂。本文阐述了近年来天然抗氧化剂在油脂中的研究,希望可以为天然抗氧化剂的开发和利用提供参考。     

天然抗氧化剂对鳄鱼油体外抗氧化活性的影响

为了筛选天然抗氧化剂和提高鳄鱼油体外抗氧化活性,采用Schaal烘箱法,比较3种常见的天然抗氧化剂茶多酚（TP)、维生素E和植酸对精制鳄鱼油的抗氧化效果,并优选出了天然抗氧化剂。在此基础上以优选抗氧化剂和VC为阳性对照,采用体外抗氧化法考察添加优选抗氧化剂的鳄鱼油对DPPH自由基、羟自由基（·OH）、超氧自由基（O-2·）清除能力,还原能力及Fe2+螯合能力。结果表明：3种天然抗氧化剂对鳄鱼油的抗氧化效果为TP＞维生素E＞植酸;鳄鱼油对DPPH自由基、·OH、O-2·清除能力,还原能力和Fe2+螯合能力均随其质量浓度的增加而升高;添加0.02%TP后鳄鱼油的体外抗氧化活性明显增强,添加TP的鳄鱼油对DPPH自由基、·OH和O-2·的IC50分别为0.874、0.064 mg/mL和0.96 mg/mL,均低于鳄鱼油的（5.448、0.684、4.53 mg/mL）,而还原能力和Fe2+螯合能力均高于鳄鱼油的。综上,TP可有效提高鳄鱼油的体外抗氧化活性。     

Determination of synthetic phenolic antioxidants in food items using reversed-phase HPLC

A HPLC with gradient elution method for the determination of the synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) propyl gallate (PG), tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in food items is described. A C18 column served as the stationary phase; the gradient elution was formed by acetonitrile and water:acetic acid (1%). The UV detector was set at 280 nm. Under the recommended conditions, separation of the four SPAs was achieved in less than 8 min. Analytical characteristics of the HPLC method such as limit of detection, linear range, and reproducibility were evaluated. Extraction parameters were optimized for the recoveries of the SPAs in different types of food items (cooking oil, margarine and butter, and cheese). Before the HPLC separation, the SPAs were extracted with methanol/acetonitrile (1:1, v/v) and were subjected to vortex/ultrasonic treatment. The extracts were next kept in a freezer (∼2 h) to precipitate co-extracted components. Recoveries of the SPAs when spiked to cooking oil, margarine, butter and cheese at 50 and 200 mg l⁻¹ were in the ranges 93.3–108.3% for PG, 85.3–108.3% for TBHQ, 96.7–101.2% for BHA and 73.9–94.6% for BHT. The method was applied to the determination of SPAs in 38 food items (16 cooking oils, ten margarine, six butter and six cheese samples). The levels of SPAs in positive samples are all below the legal limits of Malaysia.     

Determination of phenolic antioxidants in tuna fillets canned in hydrosols with HPLC-DAD

Canned tuna was fortified with a mixture of brine and hydrosols of aromatic plants (i.e. oregano, laurel, sage and lemon balm). An HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of thirteen antioxidants in tuna fillets, including phenolic acids (gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid and rosmarinic acid), flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, vanillin, myricetin, rutin, quercetin, luteolin and apigenin) and one hydroxybenzaldehyde (syringaldehyde). The analytes showed satisfying recovery efficiency (82.1–92.1%), and the method presented excellent linearity (r² > 0.99). The precision limit was ≤5.6% RSD_r for intra-day and ≤7.2% RSD_R for inter-day experiments. The determined analytes ranged between 8.86 mg (quercetin) and 512 mg (rosmarinic acid) per 100g tuna flesh (n = 10), verifying that the hydrosols fortified the tuna fillets.     

Systematic evaluation of natural phenolic antioxidants from 133 Indian medicinal plants

Total antioxidant capacities of 133 Indian medicinal plant species sampled from 64 families were assessed by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays, and their total phenolic contents measured by Folin–Ciocalteu assay. These species exhibited a broad range of antioxidant activities, varying from 0.16 to 500.70 mmol TEAC/100 g DW in the ABTS assay. The antioxidant activity values similarly varied with the DPPH and FRAP assays. Significant and positive linear correlations were found between total antioxidant capacities and phenolic contents (R = 0.89–0.97), indicating that phenolics were the dominant antioxidant constituents in the tested medicinal plants. Preliminary identification of the major phenolic compounds from 83 selected medicinal plants by reversed-phase HPLC revealed phenolic acids, tannins, flavonoids, curcuminoids, coumarins, lignans, and quinines. The fruit of Terminalia chebula, pericarp of Punica granatum and gall of Rhus succedanea showed very high levels of hydrolysable tannins, and the gum of Acacia catechu presented very high levels of catechin and epicatechin in addition to tannins. Major phenolics in many of the medicinal plants were identified for the first time (e.g., Euphorbia lathyrus, Ipomoea turpethum, and Picrorrhiza kurroa). This systematic investigation of a large number of Indian medicinal plants proved important for understanding their chemical constituents and functionality in Ayurvedic medicine, and contributes to the search for natural sources of potent antioxidants.     

雪莲果叶酚酸抗氧化能力的研究

通过测定雪莲果叶酚酸提取物的还原能力和对化学模拟体系中羟自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)及二苯代苦味肼基自由基(DPPH.)的清除能力,研究了雪莲果叶酚酸提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:雪莲果叶酚酸提取物具有较强的抗氧化能力,对自由基有明显清除作用,并且随着雪莲果叶酚酸浓度的增加,其抗氧化能力有显著增强的趋势。     

In vitro activity of vitamins, flavonoids, and natural phenolic antioxidants against the oxidative deterioration of oil-based systems

It is well-known, that lipid antioxidants can retard the oxidative rancidity of foods caused by atmospheric oxidation, and thus protect oils, fats, and fat-soluble components from their quality degradation. In the last few years, much emphasis has been put on the promotion and use of natural antioxidants, commonly occurring in many fruits and vegetables and thereby produced from various natural extracts. This review gives a summary of previously reported work together with more recent trends in the field of natural antioxidants. Focus is given on the mechanism of actions and the inhibitory effect of certain vitamins against the oxidative degradation of oil-based systems. Moreover, the use of natural phenolics (flavonoids, olive-oil penolics, herb extracts etc.) as antioxidants in numerous lipid food applications is discussed.     

外卖餐具中16种合成酚类抗氧化剂的迁移测定

摘 要：目的 测定外卖餐具中16种合成酚类抗氧化剂(Synthetic phenolic antioxidants, SPAs)的含量,分析外卖餐具中这类污染物的迁移行为。方法 本研究通过液相/气相色谱串联三重四极杆质谱联用技术,测定了6大类不同品牌外卖餐具中16种SPAs的含量,分别以纯净水、4%醋酸(v/v)、10%乙醇水溶液(v/v)、50%乙醇水溶液(v/v)和95%乙醇水溶液(v/v)为食品模拟物,开展不同品牌外卖餐具中主要SPAs的迁移实验。结果 外卖餐具中均可以检出一种以上SPAs,其中丁基化羟基甲苯及其代谢物的含量和检出率最高,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚和新兴化合物2,2''-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)次之,然而2,4-二叔丁基苯酚是外卖餐具最主要的迁移物。 结论 外卖餐具中合成酚类抗氧化剂广泛存在。 2,4-二叔丁基苯酚在外卖餐具中大量迁出,其健康危害需要引起足够关注。     

Antimicrobial activity of binary combinations of natural and synthetic phenolic antioxidants against Enterococcus faecalis

This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of 3 natural (thymol, carvacrol, and gallic acid) and 2 synthetic [butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and octyl gallate] phenolic compounds, individually and in binary combinations, on 4 dairy isolates of Enterococcus faecalis with different virulence factors (β-hemolytic, gelatinase, or trypsin activities; acquired resistance to erythromycin or tetracycline; and natural resistance to gentamicin). A checkerboard technique and a microdilution standardized method were used. All compounds individually tested exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 30 μg/mL (octyl gallate) to 3,150 μg/mL (gallic acid), although no significant differences were detected among strains to each phenolic compound. Carvacrol in combination with thymol or gallic acid, and gallic acid combined with octyl gallate showed partial synergistic inhibition of all E. faecalis strains. The most effective combinations were thymol + carvacrol and gallic acid + octyl gallate, as the MIC for each of these compounds was reduced by 67 to 75% compared with their respective individual MIC. These results highlight the possibility of using combinations of these phenolic compounds to inhibit the growth of potential virulent or spoilage E. faecalis strains by reducing the total amount of additives used in dairy foods.     

Partial characterization of natural antioxidants in canola meal

Defatted canola meal was extracted with 95% (v/v) ethanol at 80 °C. The extract was fractionated on a Sephadex LH-20 column using methanol as eluate. Seven major fractions were isolated according to UV absorption, content of phenolics and sugars. Antioxidant activity of these fractions was evaluated in a β-carotenelinoleate model system. Fraction IV showed the best antioxidant effect by exhibiting the highest preventive activity against the bleaching of β-carotene. Further separation of this fraction on TLC indicated that it contains several compounds including phenolic acids and trihydroxy phenolic compounds such as flavones and flavonols.