SiO2/TiO2复合气凝胶的孔道结构研究

为了在常压干燥下制备高比表面积且具有多级孔道结构的SiO2/TiO2复合气凝胶,以正硅酸乙酯、钛酸丁酯为原料,利用低聚体聚合将分相平行引入到溶胶凝胶过程中,获得SiO2/TiO2醇凝胶,并通过溶剂替换技术实现气凝胶的常压干燥制备.不同硅钛比气凝胶的内部结构研究表明:合成的气凝胶是由纳米SiO2和TiO2颗粒分散复合而成的介孔块体,其中Ti—O—Ti、Si—O—Si和Ti—O—Si键相互交织.气凝胶的结构变化是分相与溶胶凝胶过程相互竞争的结果.Si含量能显著改善气凝胶的结构,当n(Ti)∶n(Si)为3∶1时,比表面积高达712.2 m2/g,平均孔径为3.36 nm;当n(Ti)∶n(Si)为1.5∶1时,复合气凝胶具有明显双连续孔道,比表面积高,同时孔状结构清晰.     

SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶的制备工艺研究

以钛酸四丁酯(TBT)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,制备出TiO2和SiO2溶胶,研究了不同水解抑制剂以及水解抑制剂的用量对TiO2溶胶的影响.最终确定以HC1为水解抑制剂制备出稳定的TiO2溶胶;两种溶胶混合后,研究了pH值对复合凝胶透明度的影响.结果表明,当pH值为5.5时,凝胶时间适当且复合湿凝胶透明度较好;随着TiO2含量的增加,比表面积减小、锐钛矿衍射峰强度增强;从TEM图可以看出,锐钛矿型TiO2晶体均匀分散在SiO2气凝胶网络结构中.     

酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2光催化剂的影响因素研究

用盐酸催化溶胶-凝胶技术制备了纳米TiO2粉末.探讨了制备条件影响凝胶时间的主要因素,结果表明,控制适当的工艺条件可以有效控制凝胶时间,得到稳定的溶胶.制备纳米TiO2溶胶的物质的量比为:n(钛酸丁酯):n(无水乙醇):n(水):n(盐酸)=1:27:2.8:0.24.羟丙基纤维素表面活性剂的加入量为0.75g/L时具有较强的空间位阻作用,不仅能在溶液中阻碍溶胶粒子的相互碰撞形成大的团聚体,而且能在热处理过程中有效抑制TiO2纳米颗粒的进一步团聚长大,获得单分散的纳米TiO2颗粒.     

TiO2-SiO2纳米多孔材料常压干燥制备

以廉价的TiCl4和工业水玻璃为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制得了TiO2-SiO2复合湿凝胶,用三甲基氯硅(TMCS)/乙醇(EtOH)/己烷(Hexane)溶液对湿凝胶进行改性,再经常压干燥制备了TiO2-SiO2纳米多孔材料.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外吸收光谱(FTIR)和N2吸附/解吸法对纳米多孔材料的形貌和性质进行了分析.结果表明,所制备的TiO2-SiO2纳米多孔材料为轻质块状固体,具有连续多孔结构,密度为0.14～O.25g/cm3,孔隙率为88.6%～93.6%,比表面积为716.8～802.7m2/g.吸附和光催化降解罗丹明B的结果表明,n(Ti):n(Si)=1:3的样品吸附率最高,20h时达到86%,n(Ti):n(Si)=1:2的样品光催化降解率最高,10h时可达到94%.     

煤气化渣负载Ni@SiO2/TiO2材料的制备及其催化性能研究

采用氢氟酸(HF)对煤气化渣(CGFS)进行改性,用液相还原法制备纳米Ni粒子,通过对正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的水解得到SiO2,使其包裹在纳米Ni粒子上得到Ni@SiO2材料.以钛酸丁酯(TBOT)为钛源,通过溶胶-凝胶法使Ni@SiO2/TiO2负载在改性后的煤气化渣上从而得到光催化剂CGFS-Ni@SiO2/TiO...     

Cu/SiO2纳米复合气凝胶的制备与表征

采用含铜硅酸乙酯(CuTEOS)进行溶胶-凝胶反应来制备高Cu含量的Cu/SiO2纳米复合气凝胶,复合气凝胶中的Cu含量可在小于66%(质量分数)的范围内调节.研究了水量、催化剂浓度、溶剂量及含铜硅酸乙酯的组成对溶胶-凝胶过程的影响.本研究中Cu/SiO2纳米复合气凝胶中粒子粒径大部分小于25nm,其孔径小于50nm,比表面积在400～650m2/g范围内.     

含TiO_2/SiO_2的复合涂层光活性和抗老化性能

以钛酸四丁酯、正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米TiO2/SiO2复合物。并将其分散到醇酸树脂中制成含TiO2/SiO2的有机涂层。实验结果表明,TiO2/SiO2复合粒子比纯TiO2粒子拥有更强的光催化性能,含TiO2/SiO2的有机涂层比只含有TiO2的有机涂层具有更好的抗老化性能。     

Ce掺杂TiO2/SiO2的制备及其光催化降解罗丹明B

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO2和掺杂不同含量Ce的TiO2/SiO2复合纳米粒子.并用FT-IR,UV-Vis对样品结构进行了表征,并以罗丹明B(RB)的光催化降解为探针反应,评价了其光催化性能.结果表明,TiO2/SiO2催化剂中形成了新的Ti-O-Si键,Ce的掺杂使TiC2/SiO2光谱响应范围向可见光区拓展.与未掺杂的TiO2/SiO2相比较,掺杂的TiO2/SiO2具有更高的催化性能.Ce掺杂的最佳值为x(Ce)∶x(Ti)=0.0090,光催化剂最佳投放量为30mg.     

SiO_2-ZrO_2复合膜的制备及其工艺参数的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2-ZrO2复合薄膜,研究溶胶成分和烧结工艺对薄膜开裂及其性能的影响.采用乌氏黏度计、热重分析仪(TG-DTG)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对薄膜进行表征.结果显示,溶胶的组成、特定温度的升温速率对薄膜的开裂起决定性作用;当摩尔比为n(SiO2)∶n(ZrO2)=2.0∶0.5时,制得溶胶黏度适中、透明稳定,干燥的凝胶在0.5℃/min的升温速率下升至600℃焙烧2h,并在75、190和230℃附近缓慢升温且适当保温后,可得无裂缝且均匀、透明的SiO2-ZrO2复合薄膜,所制备的薄膜具有较大的比表面积和较窄的孔径分布.     

SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶制备研究

采用同步溶胶凝胶方法,制备了TiO2分布均匀的SiO2-TiO2复合气凝胶.研究了SiO2溶胶预反应时间、不同催化剂和螯合剂对复合溶胶凝胶过程的影响,并用BET、SEM和XRD等测试方法对其结构进行了表征;复合SiO2-TiO2气凝胶具有典型的气凝胶特征,其比表面积为483.35m2/g,密度在0.1～0.12g/cm3范围内.     

VLE data for CO2-CF2Cl2, N2-CO2, N2-CF2Cl2 and N2-CO2-CF2Cl

Knowledge about vapour-liquid (VLE) is required as a basis of reliable calculations for separation processes. Correlations available for the prediction of T, p, x, y data are less accurate for mixtures at high pressures and mixtures containing supercritical components. The results of VLE experiments are reported and compared with data calculated with equations of state.     

Preparation of ZrO2-CeO2 and HfO2-CeO2 nanopowders

We prepared weakly agglomerated powders of ZrO₂-CeO₂ and HfO₂-CeO₂ solid solutions 5–8 nm in particle size, consisting of monoclinic and tetragonal phases. After heat treatment at 1200°C, the crystallite size was 30 and 14 nm, respectively. We also examined the effect of precipitate freeze drying on the crystallization of hafnia-based solid solutions containing up to 20 mol % CeO₂.     

Thermal diffusion in binary mixtures H2-CCl2F2 and H2-CHClF2

Thermal diffusion coefficients were measured in two gaseous mixtures, in which one component was close to the critical temperature, in the pressure range (19.6–127.4)·10⁴ N/m² and at a freon concentration of 0.25–0.8.     

Comparison of the Electronic Structures of La2CuO4, Sr2CuO2Cl2, and Sr2CuO2F2

First-principles cluster calculations are reported of the local electronic structure of the three compounds: La₂CuO₄, Sr₂CuO₂Cl₂, and Sr₂CuO₂F₂. The copper ${\text{3d}}_{x^2 - y^2 } $ and the planar oxygen 2p _σ atomic orbitals exhibit a similar degree of covalency. The out-of-plane orbitals, however, are quite different with the ${\text{3}}d_{3z^2 - r^2 } $ atomic orbital lowered significantly in energy for chlorine and fluorine apical positions.     

Radial GRIN glasses in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems

A series of GRIN glass rods have been developed in Li2O-Na2O-Al2O3-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Negative radial refractive index profiles were generated by exchanging Na+ for Li+ ions in these glass rods. It has been observed that TiO2 plays a vital role in increase in the profile depth and maximum change in the refractive index because of its ambivalent nature. Change in the refractive index can be further increased by increasing the concentration of exchanging cation in the base glass.     

Elastic and Electronic Properties of Superconducting CaPd 2 As 2 and SrPd 2 As 2 vs. Non-superconducting BaPd 2 As 2

The first-principles calculations were performed to predict the elastic and electronic properties of the superconducting ThCr₂Si₂-type phases CaPd₂As₂ and SrPd₂As₂ in comparison with the non-superconducting CeMg₂Si₂-type phase BaPd₂As₂. Besides, the same properties were compared for CeMg₂Si₂- and ThCr₂Si₂-type polymorphs of BaPd₂As₂. We found that all these phases are mechanically stable and belong to soft materials with low hardness. The near-Fermi region is formed by the valence states of the blocks [Pd₂As₂] with decisive contributions of Pd 4d states. The values of N(E _F) increase in the sequence: CaPd₂As₂ < SrPd₂As₂ < BaPd₂As₂, i.e. in the reverse sequence relative to the transition temperatures T _C. Thus, the change in T _C cannot be explained by the electronic factor, i.e. by the simple correlation T _C～N(E _F). Most likely the decrease in T _C in the sequence CaPd₂As₂ → SrPd₂As₂ and the absence of a superconducting transition in BaPd₂As₂ are related to the structural factors and the peculiarities of the electron–phonon coupling mechanism.     

Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO系统的亚固相关系

本文给出了 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3和 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统的亚固相图。实验结果表明:在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统中有一个未知结构的新化合物 CaO·Si_2N_2O,在3CaO·Si_2N_2O 和3CaO·Al_2O_3两化合物之间形成连续立方固溶体。而 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统中则没有发现新化合物。在两个系统的富 Si_2N_2O区,过量的 Si_2N_2O 与 La_2O_3和 CaO 分别反应形成 Si_3N_4与 La_(10)[SiO_4]_(?)N_2(H-相)(和 CaSiO_3。所研究的这两个三元系统中,分别形成了如下几个四元相容性区。在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3系统内有:H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Si_2N_2O-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·Al_2O_3-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-La_2O_3·11 Al_2O_3-Al_2O_3;H-Si_3N_4-Al_2O_3-O′s.s;H-Si_3N_4-O′s.s-Si_2N_2O在 Si_2N_2O-Al_2O_3-CaO 系统内有:Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-CaO·Si_2N_2O-3CaO·Al_2O_3;Si_3N_3-CaSiO_3-3CaO·Al_2O_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_(?);Si_(?)N_(?)-CaSiO_3-2CaO·Al_2O_3·SiO_2-Al_2O_3;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-Al_2O_(?)-O′s.s;Si_3N_4-CaSiO_3-O′s.s-Si_(?)N_(?)O