数字签名技术在电子病历中的设计与实现

目的:推进医疗行业的信息无纸化,大力发展数字化医院,完善身份识别和信息安全等问题。方法:通过对我院相关业务的需求分析,引入了数字签名技术来保障数据完整性和不可抵赖性。结果:数字签名技术使医院的业务环境更加安全有效,保证了身份真实和责任明确,用电子签名替代了传统的医生手写签名方式,优化了业务流程。结论:数字签名技术有效推进了医疗行业的信息无纸化,对于医疗信息系统在身份认证、授权管理、责任认定等方面的信息安全的需求有着非常重要的意义。     

Principles and methods of testing finite state machines-a survey

With advanced computer technology, systems are getting larger to fulfill more complicated tasks: however, they are also becoming less reliable. Consequently, testing is an indispensable part of system design and implementation; yet it has proved to be a formidable task for complex systems. This motivates the study of testing finite stare machines to ensure the correct functioning of systems and to discover aspects of their behavior. A finite state machine contains a finite number of states and produces outputs on state transitions after receiving inputs. Finite state machines are widely used to model systems in diverse areas, including sequential circuits, certain types of programs, and, more recently, communication protocols. In a testing problem we have a machine about which we lack some information; we would like to deduce this information by providing a sequence of inputs to the machine and observing the outputs produced. Because of its practical importance and theoretical interest, the problem of testing finite state machines has been studied in different areas and at various times. The earliest published literature on this topic dates back to the 1950's. Activities in the 1960's mid early 1970's were motivated mainly by automata theory and sequential circuit testing. The area seemed to have mostly died down until a few years ago when the testing problem was resurrected and is now being studied anew due to its applications to conformance testing of communication protocols. While some old problems which had been open for decades were resolved recently, new concepts and more intriguing problems from new applications emerge. We review the fundamental problems in testing finite state machines and techniques for solving these problems, tracing progress in the area from its inception to the present and the stare of the art. In addition, we discuss extensions of finite state machines and some other topics related to testing     

Evolution from ancient medication to human-centered Healthcare 4.0: A review on health care recommender systems

The evolution of intelligent and data-driven systems has pushed for the tectonic transition from ancient medication to human-centric Healthcare 4.0. The rise of Internet of Things, Internet of Systems, and wireless body area networks has endowed the health care ecosystem with a new digital transformation supported by sophisticated machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. Under this umbrella, health care recommendation systems have emerged as a driver for providing patient-centric personalized health care services. Recommendation systems are automatic systems that derive the decisions on the basis of some valid input parameters and vital health information collected through wearable devices, implantable equipments, and various sensor. Therefore, to understand the state-of-the-art developments in the health care ecosystem, this paper provides a comprehensive survey on health care recommendation systems and the associated paradigms. This survey starts from the ancient health care era and move toward the Healthcare 4.0 in a phased manner. The road map from Healthcare 1.0 to Healthcare 4.0 is analyzed to highlight different technology verticals supporting the digital transformation. This study also provides the systematic review of the health care systems, the types of health care systems, and the recommender systems. Moreover, a deep analysis of health care recommender systems and its types is also presented. Finally, the open issues and challenges associated with the adaption and implementation of human-centric Healthcare 4.0 ecosystem are discussed. This is provided to find out the possible research questions and gaps so that the corresponding solutions could be developed in the near future.     

The computer in the care of critically III patients

Computer technology and biomedical electronics have been successfully employed in the care of critically ill patients by many medical centers and hospitals. In some settings automation of physiological measurements and record keeping have relieved the nurses of time consuming tasks, which enables them to devote more of their time to direct care. Some intensive care systems assist in the clinical decision making as well as in performing warning functions. A few systems perform closed loop feedback control of certain physiological variables by means of computer controlled infusion pumps and rigidly structured algorithms. Evidence indicates that the additional cost of the computer may be recovered through enhanced personnel performance and more rapid patient stabilization which results in earlier transfer from intensive care to a semiprivate room. However, irrefutable proof that the systems are cost effective is still lacking mainly because of the difficulty in quantitating the economic value of benefits. The applicability of this technology depends largely on the nature of the clinical environment. Well-organized units wherein the patient management is highly structured provide the maximum opportunity for efficacious and economic use of computer-based intensive care system. Analysis of the activities and procedures of the unit must precede system design and implementation to appraise the appropriateness, to identify the clinical requirements, and to avoid improper application of the technology.     

Test Strategies for Electrode Degradation in Bio-Fluidic Microsystems

Electrode technology is fundamental to numerous actuation and sensing functions in bio-fluidic microsystems that target portable bio-analytical instruments. Within these systems high levels of reliability and robustness are crucial and normally complemented by requirements for extremely low probabilities of false positives or negatives being generated. New methods of validating functionality and integrity of the reading are hence required. Embedded test and condition monitoring are crucial technologies for delivering these capabilities. This paper presents two solutions for detecting degradation in electrodes that interface to fluidic or biological systems. In the first solution, a low frequency, impedance based method for identifying degraded structures within an array is proposed. This method depends on measuring and comparing the impedance of each sensing electrode. This research is backed up by physical measurements from an electrode array for drug testing on cardiac and neuron tissue. In the second solution, a mid-frequency oscillation test technique is proposed that is sensitive to degradation in the bio-fluidic interface capacitance, to contamination and to fouling.     

Advanced IC packaging for the future applications

The performance of electronic equipment is improving rapidly. Portable electronic equipment requires smaller and thinner packaging systems for saving space and miniaturization. In addition, highly integrated, high-speed applications demand improved electrical performance to minimize noise effects. As a result of these considerations, the role of IC packaging has expanded from its traditional role of protecting the integrity and performance of an IC, to being a central factor in the development of electronic system concepts. In developing the optimum system, packaging technology must be a prime design consideration to ensure optimum performance, reliability, and cost. Soldering technology and Printed Wiring Board (PWB) routing density are two of the major technological issues facing miniaturized packaging systems today. Chip Scale Package (CSP), which is a new concept in packaging technology has been introduced. This is an ideal technology to enable the design and manufacture of the next generation of electronic equipment, while overcoming many of the technological issues facing system development     

Microfabricated Drug Delivery Devices: Design,Fabrication, and Applications

Microfabrication technology has enabled the development of novel controlled‐release devices that possess an integration of structural, mechanical, and perhaps electronic features, which may address challenges associated with conventional delivery systems. In this feature article, microfabricated devices are described in terms of materials, mechanical design, working principles, and fabrication methods, all of which are key features for production of multifunctional, highly effective drug delivery systems. In addition, the current status and future prospects of different types of microfabricated devices for controlled drug delivery are summarized and analyzed with an emphasis on various routes of administration including ocular, oral, transdermal, and implantable systems. It is likely that microfabrication technology will continue to offer new, alternative solutions to design advanced and sophisticated drug delivery devices that promise to significantly improve medical care.     

Communications Security for Electronic Funds Transfer Systems

This paper focuses on selected aspects of communications security for electronic funds transfer systems that may not be present in classical security-oriented communications systems. 1) An EFT security system should be able to pinpoint the site responsible for any financial loss resulting from a penetration. 2) An EFT security system should not allow false rejections, i.e., should not deny any legitimate transaction. 3) An EFT security system should not employ draconian methods to restore communications security after a penetration. 4) Simultaneous accesses to an EFT account should be synchronized to ensure that improper transactions are not authorized. 5) Traditional access-control methods applied to secure commumcations equipment are not applicable to EFT networks. 6) Traditional manually oriented techniques used to distribute encryption keys may not be practicable in a large scale EFT network. 7) Techniques used in providing communications security, especially those involving encryption algorithms, should not rely on secrecy to protect the integrity of the system. 8) Communications overhead imposed by security measures should be minimized to allow for projected high rates of use of EFT facilities.     

RFID系统测试标准体系研究

基于RFID技术的应用系统逐渐普及于交通、物流和医疗等领域,在RFID系统的整个生命周期,从设计、建设、运行、改造到废弃,建立标准的规范一直是RFID系统测试标准体系建立的宗旨。于是课题组首先提出了SITSE模型,保证了测试标准指标建立的可追踪性,并依据SITSE模型的原则来指导、建立三维RFID测试标准体系,指导RFID系统的测试过程。     

Structural and behavioral reference model for IoT‐based elderly health‐care systems in smart home

Increasing level of personal and social health and life expectancy has resulted in the growth of aged people population. Elderly care is an essential and costly issue in any society that should be addressed in researches. Elderly care has faced some problems such as elderly solitary, trained caregivers insufficiency, and increasing cost of late diagnosis of diseases and accident. Regarding to these problems, smart home technology can be used as an efficient solution. It provides an expertise, long‐term, and low‐cost care that empowers elderly to have an independent life. In this paper, we propose an architecture for a health‐care system in a smart home. In this architecture, rapid and timely diagnosis of environmental incidents and health risks causes reduction in costs of health care and relief. Given to the vital aspect of health‐care systems, the proposed architecture components and solutions are presented to meet quality attributes such as availability, performance, security, and interoperability. The proposed architecture evaluation is based on the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM) scenario‐based approach. ATAM is a method for analysis and evaluation of software systems architecture. And quality attributes scenarios are examined to meet quality requirement. Compared with the previous works, more quality attributes are addressed in this paper.     

MolCom system with downlink/uplink biocyber interface for Internet of Bio‐NanoThings

Inspired by wireless communication systems, we propose a feasible downlink/uplink biocyber interface for the expected targeted drug delivery system based on Internet of Biological NanoThing (IoBNT) paradigm. The downlink/uplink biocyber interface of IoBNT comprises Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and Molecular Communication (MolCom) technology. On the downlink (from Internet to targeted nanonetwork), the biocyber interface transduces electromagnetic (EM) signal to biochemical signals, and thus with the help of mobile MolCom system based on FRET nanocommunication, the drug information delivers to the diseased cell within the targeted intrabody nanonetwork. On the uplink, the MolCom system consists of embedded sensor/actuator nanonetwork to detect the biochemical changes in the targeted cell, and hence biocyber interface transduces the biochemical signal to EM signal. As a result, the paradigm of IoBNT responses by proper functions to these changes according to the decision of medical health care. The performance analysis of the proposed IoBNT system is numerically investigated through MolCom system‐based FRET, while the performance evaluation is evaluated by employing spreading epidemic scheme in terms of successful probability of drug delivery, channel capacity, average drug‐delivery time, and throughput. The simulation results show that the proposed IoBNT is a promising paradigm for smart drug delivery system, and its performance is mainly based on the nanostructure and the characteristic of molecular nanomachines in the targeted nanonetwork.     

基于FPGA的集成电路测试系统设计

随着电路设计技术的不断发展,集成电路的测试对保证电路可靠性的作用日益增加。集成电路的测试不仅对确保电路的可靠性有重要作用,而且可以降低电路与系统的制造成本。本文是基于集成电路的逻辑功能测试理论,通过测试集成电路的逻辑功能是否正常来判断电路功能是否正常。实验结果表明,该系统测试便捷,准确,对于芯片的生产商和使用者都具有较重要的意义。     

Wearable,Human‐Interactive,Health‐Monitoring,Wireless Devices Fabricated by Macroscale Printing Techniques

Wearable human‐interactive devices are advanced technologies that will improve the comfort, convenience, and security of humans, and have a wide range of applications from robotics to clinical health monitoring. In this study, a fully printed wearable human‐interactive device called a “smart bandage” is proposed as the first proof of concept. The device incorporates touch and temperature sensors to monitor health, a drug‐delivery system to improve health, and a wireless coil to detect touch. The sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structure, and wireless coil are monolithically integrated onto flexible substrates. A smart bandage is demonstrated on a human arm. These types of wearable human‐interactive devices represent a promising platform not only for interactive devices, but also for flexible MEMS technology.     

Networked multimedia for medical imaging

The development of biomedical imaging has revolutionized medical practice and health care delivery. The next wave of change, however, will come from merging medical imaging with multimedia technology. We discuss the necessary information infrastructure and supporting technology for this evolving field. We describe four types of clinical applications to illustrate the use and versatility of networked multimedia systems for image-assisted medical care     

Deep Belief Neural Network for 5G Diabetes Monitoring in Big Data on Edge IoT

The diabetes is a critical disease from the small children to old age people. Due to improper diet and physical activities of the living population, obesity becomes prevalent in young generation. If we analyze self care of individual life, no man or women ready to spend their time for health care. It leads to problem like diabetes, blood pressure etc. Today is a busy world were robots and artificial machines ready to take care of human personal needs. Automatic systems help humans to manage their busy schedule. It motivates us to develop a diabetes motoring system for patients using IoT device in their body which monitors their blood sugar level, blood pressure, sport activities, diet plan, oxygen level, ECG data. The data are processed using feature selection algorithm called as particle swarm optimization and transmitted to nearest edge node for processing in 5G networks. Secondly, data are processed using DBN Layer. Thirdly, we share the diagnosed data output through the wireless communication such as LTE/5G to the patients connected through the edge nodes for further medical assistance. The patient wearable devices are connected to the social network. The Result of our proposed system is evaluated with some existing system. Time and Performance outperform than other techniques.

     

Integrating a mobile health applications for self-management to enhance Telecare system

A dramatic global increase in the pervasiveness of chronic illness has coincided with a reduction in the availability of healthcare resources, coupled with increased costs for care, forcing a fundamental reevaluation of care processes. These trends have driven interest in the use of advanced healthcare information systems and telematics applications to improve care availability while reducing overall costs, but such measures require taking an integrated approach to a range of interrelated social, economic, political and cultural impacts and challenges. Telecare technologies allow hospitals to continuously monitor biomedical indicators, while providing patients with online services such as clinical appointment scheduling, medical consulting, remote alerts, etc. Telecare has the potential to transform the healthcare industry by reducing costs, increasing quality, and enhancing patient satisfaction. The development of a real-time monitoring healthcare service model through the integration of information and communications technologies (ICT) has emerged as a research priority. This study explores the design, value creation, development and evaluation of Telecare systems and mobile health applications for autonomous health management to ensure appropriate home-based health monitoring and treatment while improving care performance. A well-defined methodology is needed to develop artifacts due to increasing disease complexity. This study develops an Android-based self-management application based on design science research methodology. The App assists users in collecting and monitoring indicators to prompt appropriate care services. This study uses individual home self-care as the basic Telecare unit to design a service model integrating six kinds of healthcare services. Usability testing is conducted to reflect five constructs: system usefulness, ease of learning, information quality, interface quality, and overall satisfaction. Experimental results support previous research findings regarding the Chronic Care Model and enhance the effectiveness of mobile-based services. Our work provides a useful reference to researchers and practitioners interested in understanding how hospitals can better facilitate more effective mobile-based technology adoption in today’s e-health environment.     

Design and analysis of low-power body area networks based on biomedical signals

A body area network (BAN) as one branch of Sensor Networks, is an inter-disciplinary area which holds great promises for revolutionising the current health care systems. BAN combines the real-time updating of biomedical data with the continuous and dynamic health care monitoring closely. A number of intelligence biomedical sensors can be integrated into a wireless BAN system, and the system can be used for prevention, diagnosis and timely treatment of various medical conditions. In this article, we propose a data fusion technique for a BAN based on biomedical signals. This proposed solution is of much lower complexity than conventional techniques and hence can significantly reduce the power consumption in the BAN. The technology is carried out by removing redundant and unnecessary sample information and shifting a large portion of processing and control loads to the remote control centre in an asymmetric manner. This approach not only reduces the power consumption of biosensor nodes in a BAN, but also ensures the integrity of the biomedical information. In addition, we present a self-designed distributed time–space correlation compressive sensing model and propose an efficient algorithm based on biomedical signals. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can not only reconstruct the original signal with high accuracy and but also achieve significant reduction in power consumption.     

MEMS薄膜泊松比测试方法的研究进展

综述了MEMS薄膜泊松比的测试方法,简述了测试薄膜泊松比的目的和意义。结合测试环境与测试手段详细地列举了几类常用的测试方法:拉伸法、纳米压痕法、鼓膜法、谐振法、弯曲法和扭转变形法,介绍了各种测试方法的发展过程,并分析了各种测试方法在使用中所面临的关键问题。最后,从可操作性、精确度和适用范围等方面比较了各种方法的优劣,给出了测试方法选取的建议,并对MEMS薄膜测试技术的发展进行了展望,指出在线测试技术将推动MEMS薄膜测试技术的进一步发展。