NON-CONTACT MEASUREMENT OF SCULPTURED SURFACE OF ROTATION

A method for measuring the sculptured surface of rotation by using coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and rotary table is proposed. The measurement is realized during the continuous rotation of the workpiece mounted on the rotary table while the probe moves along the generatrix of the surface step by step. This method possesses lots of advantages such as simplicity of probe motion, high reliability and efficiency. Some key techniques including calibration of the effective radius of the probing system, determination of the position of axis of rotation, auto-centering of the workpiece, data processing algorithm, are discussed. Approaches for determining the coordinates on measured surface, establishing workpiece coordinate system and surface fitting are presented in detail. The method can be used with contact or non-contact probes. Some fragile ceramic and plaster parts are measured by using the system consisting of a CMM, rotary table, motorized head and non-contact laser triangulation probe. The measurin     

STUDY OF REGULARITY OF GENERAL-LINEAR-COMPLEX SINGULARITY OF 3／6-STEWART MECHANISM

The general-linear-complex singularity of Stewart mechanism is a very important problem in the parallel manipulator. Its general regularity is not found yet during the past two decades. StOnge and Gosselin pointed out that the singularity locus of the Stewart mechanism at some given orienb-tions of the moving platform should be polynomial expressions with varied degrees in 2000, but they didn't formulate the expression. Based on the kinematics singularity principle and the geometry cond-tion proposed by Huang Zhen in 1999, firstly the singularity equation in degree two is derived. It is a hyperbola when the orientation of the moving platform is given. This result is also proved using screw theory. Then some singularity surfaces are gotten in three-dimensional space. This result is of impcr-tant significance.     

EFFECT OF DYNAMIC LOADING ON FRACTURE BEHAVIOR OF WELDED JOINTS OF STRUCTURAL STEEL

To investigate the effect of dynamic loading on fracture behavior of welded joints of structural steel Q23SB and 16Mn in common use and compare the earthquake resistances of the two kinds of materials, dynamic tension and fracture toughness tests are carried out at room temperature. On the basis of the tests, the stress-strain fields near the crack tip of the compact specimens are analyzed by three-dimensional finite element model. The test results and finite element analysis results show that, the fracture toughness of welds and base metal of 16Mn steel increases with the increment of loading rate. Compared with 16Mn steel, Q235B steel is more sensitive to dynamic loading. The fracture toughness of welds of Q235B is comparatively low under static loading and dynamic loading at room temperature. Compared with the static loading, the fracture toughness of Q235B parent metal under dynamic loading decreases by about four times. Therefore, it can be concluded that compared with 16Mn steel, the earthquake re     

THEORY OF HELICOID OF SPHERICAL HOB

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SIMULATION OF ROLL-FORMING PROCESSES OF WELDED PIPE

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REGULARITY OF VIBRATION RESPONSE OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM UNDER AFFECT OF VARI-FREQUENCY EXCITING FORCE

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AFFECTION OF ER FLUID ON STIFFNESS OF VIBRATION SYSTEM

On the application of an electric field, the mechanical properties of ER(Electro-rheological) fluid are very complex. The damping force of ER fluid is linear without electric field and is nonlinear when an electric field is applied. By increasing the strength of the electric field, the behavior of ER fluid changes from linear viscous to nonlinear viscoelastic-plastic. External electric fluid changes natural behavior of system with ER fluid besides the mechanical properties of ER fluid. The affect of ER fluid on the stiffness of nonlinear vibration system with ER dampers is analyzed by iterative perturbation method. The results show that the stiffness of structure would be increased with growing of the strength of the electric field.     

MACHINING MECHANISM OF MIRROR-LIKE SURFACE OF ADVANCED CERAMICS

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EFFECTS OF OPERATING CONDITIONS ON THE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER HYDRAULIC THROTTLE

Experimental investigations are made on the effects of operating conditions on the flow characteristics of throttle when tap water is used as the working media. The researched throttles include cone poppet valve, ball valve, disc valve and dumping orifice. Operating condition includes poppet lift, working media, back pressure, medium temperature, etc. Because the vapourous pressure of water is much higher than that of oil, cavitation is easier to occur in water hydraulic elements and systems, so the effects of operating conditions on the cavitation characteristics of throttle are also researched.     

ANALYSIS OF METHOD FOR DETERMINING AZIMUTH OF PRINCIPAL AXIS OF INERTIA BASED ON DYNAMIC BALANCE MEASUREMENT

The dynamic balance quality of a rotating object is an important factor to maintain the stability and accuracy for motion. The azimuth of the principal axis of inertia is a major sign of dynamic balance. A usual method is measuring moment of inertia matrix relative to some base coordinates on a rotary inertia machine so as to calculate the azimuth of principal axis of inertia. By using the measured unbalance results on the two trimmed planes on a vertical hard bearing double-plane dynamic balancing machine, the dimension and direction of couple unbalance can be found. An azimuth angle formula for the principal axis of inertia is derived and is solved by using unbalance quantities. The experiments indicate that method based on dynamic balancing measurement is proved rational and effective and has a fine precision.     

单向平动微位移机构的力学分析

研究了以柔性铰链为转动副的微位移机构中柔性铰链的转角变形和受拉变形与外加载荷及铰链的几何参数的关系;对单向平动微位移机构做了细致的受力分析,推导出了一定结构参数下该机构在受力时的封闭方程,从而得到在此机构上的工作台面的平动位移公式。通过设计正交试验表,用有限元软件对位移公式所做验证的结果表明理论模型分析基本符合模拟的结果。     

Experimental measurement of the bearing characteristics of straight-line flexure mechanisms

In this paper, we present an experimental set-up and procedure to accurately measure the bearing characteristics of any single Degree of Freedom (DoF) straight-line flexure mechanism. Bearing characteristics include stiffness in the bearing and motion directions, and error motions in the bearing directions. In particular, we present this characterization for the traditional paired double parallelogram (DP-DP) flexure and its recently-reported improved variation, the clamped paired double parallelogram (C-DP-DP) flexure. Of particular interest is the bearing direction stiffness and its variation with motion direction displacement. While the bearing stiffness for both mechanisms has been extensively predicted via analysis and its consequences have been observed in experiments, its direct measurement poses several challenges and is not found in the literature. This paper presents an experimental set-up that is reconfigurable to accommodate both the above two flexures, comprises a novel virtual pulley concept, and employs carefully selected ground mounting and sensor locations, among other features that enable the desired measurements. The experimental results agree well with analytical predictions and generate insight into the importance of ground mounting, finite compliance of mechanism features that are generally assumed to be rigid, and manufacturing tolerances.     

PRINCIPLES AND PARAMETER DESIGN FOR AC-DC THREE-DEGREE FREEDOM HYBRID MAGNETIC BEARINGS

To simplify the mechanical structure, decrease the overall system size of the 3-degree freedom axial-radial magnetic bearings and reduce the manufacturing costs as well as operating costs, an innovated AC-DC 3-degree freedom hybrid magnetic bearing is proposed, which is driven by a DC amplifier in axial direction and a 3-phase power converter in radial directions respectively, and the axial and radial bias magnetic fluxes are provided with a common radial polarized permanent magnet ring. The principle producing magnetic suspension forces is introduced. By using equivalent magnetic circuit method, the calculation formulas of magnetic suspension forces and the mathematics models of the system are deduced. Nonlinearities of suspension forces and cross coupling between different degree freedoms are studied further by calculating the suspension forces at different displacements and control currents to validate the feasibility of the mathematics model. Then based on the mathematics models of the bearing, a control method of this novel bearing is designed. Lastly, the methods on parameter design and calculations of the bearing are presented, and an applicable prototype is simulated to analyze the magnetic path by using finite element analysis. The theory analysis and simulation results have shown that this magnetic bearing incorporates the merits of 3-phase AC drive, permanent magnet flux biased and axial-radial combined control, and reduces overall system size and has higher efficiency and lower cost. This innovated magnetic bearing has a wide application in super-speed and super-precision numerical control machine tools, bearingless motors, high-speed flywheels, satellites, etc.     

基于曲线柔性单元的新型大变形柔性铰链

曲线薄板柔性单元与传统的缺口式柔性单元相比,受载荷时在功能方向上更容易产生大变形.基于此,将曲线薄板柔性单元在平面空间中以一点为圆心,进行均匀阵列组合得到一种新型的环形柔性铰链--分布式叶片形转动柔性铰链.为了对新型柔性铰链进行性能分析,建立铰链的数学模型.鉴于铰链结构复杂,要得到精确模型十分困难,因此对模型进行简化,采用主运动单元伪刚体法建立新型柔性铰链数学模型,并分析新型柔性铰链受纯扭矩载荷时的变形情况.计算得到的结果与非线性有限元分析结果十分接近,证明了所建伪刚体模型的正确性.同时计算结果也表明分布式叶片形转动柔性铰链能够提供较大的转动行程,是一种新型的大变性转动柔性铰链.     

Topological and Shape Optimization of Flexure Hinges for Designing Compliant Mechanisms Using the Level Set Method

A flexure hinge is a major component in designing compliant mechanisms that o ers unique possibilities in a wide range of application fields in which high positioning accuracy is required. Although various flexure hinges with di erent configurations have been successively proposed, they are often designed based on designers' experiences and inspirations. This study presents a systematic method for topological optimization of flexure hinges by using the level set method. Optimization formulations are developed by considering the functional requirements and geometrical constraints of flexure hinges. The functional requirements are first constructed by maximizing the compliance in the desired direction while minimizing the compliances in the other directions. The weighting sum method is used to construct an objective function in which a self-adjust method is used to set the weighting factors. A constraint on the symmetry of the obtained configuration is developed. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The obtained results reveal that the design of a flexure hinge starting from the topology level can yield more choices for compliant mechanism design and obtain better designs that achieve higher performance.     

高速锯切用超薄金刚石圆锯片的优化设计

为了降低加工成本、提高石材利用率,在结构静力分析、模态分析和屈曲分析的基础上,采用有限元分析软件ANSYS优化设计出一种适用于高速锯切的超薄金刚石圆锯片结构：锯片厚度为2．4mm,锯齿结块数为60,锯齿长度为18mm,U型水槽与竖直方向夹角为0°、U型水槽深度为7．8mm,径向槽数目为3,径向槽与水平方向夹角为0°,径向槽长度为60mm,径向槽宽度为26．7mm。     

Optimizing the qusai-static folding and deploying of thin-walled tube flexure hinges with double slots

The thin-walled tube flexure（TWTF） hinges have important potential application value in the deployment mechanisms of satellite and solar array, but the optimal design of the TWTF hinges haven＇t been completely solved, which restricts their applications. An optimal design method for the qusai-static folding and deploying of TWTF hinges with double slots is presented based on the response surface theory. Firstly, the full factorial method is employed to design of the experiments. Then, the finite element models of the TWTF hinges with double slots are constructed to simulate the qusai-static folding and deploying non-linear analysis. What＇s more, the mathematical model of the TWTF flexure hinge quasi-static folding and deploying properties are derived by the response surface method. Considering of small mass and high stability, the peak moment of quasi-static folding and deploying as well as the lightless are set as the objectives to get the optimal performances. The relative errors of the objectives between the optimal design results and the FE analysis results are less than 7%, which demonstrates the precision of the surrogate models. Lastly, the parameter study shows that both the slots length and the slots width both have significant effects to the peak moment of quasi-static folding and deploying of TWTF hinges with double slots. However, the maximum Mises stress of quasi-static folding is more sensitive to the slots length than the slots width. The proposed research can be applied to optimize other thin-walled flexure hinges under quasi-static folding and deploying, which is of great importance to design of flexure hinges with high stability and low stress.     

整膜式金属桁架天线罩承载能力分析

膜结构因其质量轻、强度高及透波性能好而被广泛应用于雷达天线罩领域,整膜式金属桁架天线罩就是膜结构天线罩的重要应用方向之一。文中以某即将寿终的大型整膜式金属桁架天线罩为研究对象,首先详细阐述了承载能力分析评价模型中重要参数的获取方法,如金属骨架整体形态检测、膜面张力测量及膜材力学性能检测等;然后通过有限元分析法对天线罩的膜结构和钢骨架的承载能力进行了分析评价;最后根据分析评价结果对天线罩的后续使用或大修提出了合理化建议。     

Dimensionless design graphs for flexure elements and a comparison between three flexure elements

This paper presents dimensionless design graphs for three types of flexure elements, based on finite element analysis. Using these graphs as a design tool, a designer can determine the optimal geometry, based on the stiffness and rotation demands of a flexure element. An example is given using the beam flexure hinge.Between the analyzed flexure hinges, a comparison is made on basis of equal hinge functionality: rotation. The result describes the maximum stiffness properties from different hinges in identical situations. A beam flexure element is preferred over a circular flexure hinge for stiffness demands in a single direction, while a cross flexure element enables medium stiffness in two perpendicular directions.     

基于正交试验的静压径向气体轴承数值分析*

以气动涡轮支承结构静压径向气体轴承为研究对象,建立静压径向气体轴承的微分模型,利用工程数值方法计算轴承承载力、刚度和气体质量流量,运用正交试验法研究节流器参数对轴承性能的影响,以及不同优化方向下轴承的综合性能。结果表明：不同的优化方向节流器参数的敏感性不同,以气体质量流量为优化方向明显不符合设计需要,以承载力为优化方向得到的轴承综合性能最好;平均气膜厚度、节流孔直径和数量是影响轴承承载特性的主要因素,节流孔直径越小承载性能越好。