Numerical simulation of A1203 deposition at a nozzle during continuous casting

The effects of various factors,such as argon flow rate and slide gate opening ratio,on the alumina deposition rate were re- searched by the numerical simulation method.The pressure in the nozzle is significantly affected by argon flow rate and slide gate opening ratio.To keep positive pressure in the nozzle,the argon flow rate should be increased with a decrease in slide gate opening ratio.The effect of argon flow rate on the alumina deposition rate depends on the condition of opening ratio or casting speed.The ef- fect of increasing the argon flow rate on the deposition rate is not obvious when the opening ratio is small.The Al_2O_3 deposition rate decreases significantly with an increase in argon flow rate when the argon flow rate is low,but it decreases slowly when the argon flow rate reaches a certain value.The alumina deposition rate is linear with alumina content at different slide gate opening ratios and argon flow rates.The observed thickness of the deposition layer at the bottom and outlet of a real clogged nozzle is almost equal to the result of the numerical simulation.     

Numerical simulation of Al2O3 deposition at a nozzle during continuous casting

The effects of various factors, such as argon flow rate and slide gate opening ratio, on the alumina deposition rate were researched by the numerical simulation method. The pressure in the nozzle is significantly affected by argon flow rate and slide gate opening ratio. To keep positive pressure in the nozzle, the argon flow rate should be increased with a decrease in slide gate opening ratio. The effect of argon flow rate on the alumina deposition rate depends on the condition of opening ratio or casting speed. The effect of increasing the argon flow rate on the deposition rate is not obvious when the opening ratio is small. The Al2O3 deposition rate decreases significantly with an increase in argon flow rate when the argon flow rate is low, but it decreases slowly when the argon flow rate reaches a certain value. The alumina deposition rate is linear with alumina content at different slide gate opening ratios and argon flow rates. The observed thickness of the deposition layer at the bottom and outlet of a real clogged nozzle is almost equal to the result of the numerical simulation.     

中间包控流装置的物理模拟研究

根据相似原理,建立1∶3的物理模拟模型,通过正交试验考察了挡渣堰、导流坝组合控流装置对中间包流场的影响。研究结果表明,堰坝间距是影响流场的主要因素,优化控流组合方案为：挡渣堰距注入流中心线距离1 200 mm,挡渣堰下沿距包底距离500 mm,导流坝高度360 mm,堰坝间距300 mm.优化后中间包流场趋于合理,钢液在中间包内的停留时间延长,活塞流体积增大,死区体积减小.     

板坯连铸中间包结构优化的研究

结合某公司双冲击点板坯中间包生产现状,利用水模实验对中间包内钢水流动特性进行了研究.结果表明：原中间包结构存在明显的短路流,钢水停留时间偏短,死区体积分率偏高,不利于夹杂物上浮去除.同时,由于在高度较大的两湍流控制器间钢水不能流出,影响金属收得率.这种具有双冲击点的中间包,应按照对称的两个单流板坯中间包进行结构优化.采用小高度湍流控制器加上下挡墙的控流方式时,由于钢水流经路径增长和全混流体积分率增加,响应时间增长,死区体积分率显著减小至15%以下,有利于夹杂物上浮去除.同时,将小高度湍流控制器和门式开孔导流坝相结合,残钢量显著减小,有利于提高金属收得率.     

高拉速下板坯浸入式水口参数的数模研究

采用数模研究了浸入式水口不同结构条件下，结晶器内钢水的流动状态，研究表明，浸入式水口侧孔的角度对流场影响不大，主要是钢水很难充满侧孔，且浸入式水口的管壁厚度不够，没有导流作用，水口侧孔的面积较小时，提高出口面积可减小流出速度，当流股充不满出口时，扩大出口面积，不能减小出口流速，在浸入式水口底部开孔，可以有效地起到分流作用，高拉速下，合适的底孔孔径，可以得到满意的流场。     

Influence of submerged entry nozzle clogging on the behavior of molten steel in continuously cast slab molds

The influence of submerged entry nozzle clogging on the behavior of molten steel in continuously cast slab molds was studied using commercial code CFX4.3. The results indicate that clogging at the top part of the nozzle port not only increases the velocity of molten steel, but also enhances the wall shear stress, F number and heat flux. This clogging has the greatest effect on the behavior of molten steel. However, clogging at the top 1/3 of the nozzle only increases the velocity of molten steel and has little influence. Clogging at the bottom of the nozzle almost has no influence.     

Validation of the numerical simulation of fluid flow in the continuous casting tundish

The 3-dimensional fluid flow in a water model of the continuous casting tundish is simulated with the k-ε two-equation turbulence model. The methods to decide the size of wall-adjacent grids and the effects of residuals and mesh size on the simulation accuracy are discussed. The current investigation concludes that the following condition should be satisfied to get accurate enough simulation results: (1) If the dimension of the domain is in the order of cubic meters, the average size of cells in the mesh system should be at least smaller than 30 mm; (2) The normalized non-scaled residual should be reached at least smaller than 10^-4.     

两流板坯连铸中间包结构优化水模实验研究

通过两流板坯中间包水模实验,研究了抑湍器以及不同控流装置的组合对中间包流动特性的影响.结果表明,合理使用抑湍器能延长开始响应时间,提高平均停留时间和活塞流体积.抑湍器和垱坝组合控流效果良好,且结构简单.由抑湍器、垱坝和挡渣堰组成的控流装置使中间包流场更加合理,优化后的中间包平均停留时间由原先的188 s提高到218 s,活塞流体积分数由3.50%提高到15.41%,死区体积分数由41.57%降低到32.15%.     

注入钢液温度降低时中间包非稳态过程数值模拟

利用所建立的中间包非稳态传输过程数学模型对包浇注一个包次周期中中间包工作过程进行了数值模拟.在中间包非稳态过程模拟中首先采用稳态速度场和温度场作为计算的起始速度场和湿度场,以此为基础,完成一个包次浇注过程的计算后,用其所得物理场作为初始速度场和湿度场,进行中间包注入钢液温度降低所产生的非稳态过程模拟计算.模拟结果表明,这样处理更加逼近中间包的真实状态.通过对数值模拟结果的分析,发现在钢包一个包次浇注过程中,中间包中出现两次"流动逆转"和"温度逆转",且第一次逆转有利于中间包冶金功能的发挥,第二次逆转的作用相反,应设法避免和推迟中间包内第二次逆转现象的出现.     

Water modeling of molten steel flow in a multi-strand tundish with gas blowing

Fluid flow characteristics in a four-strand tundish with gas blowing were studied by water modeling experiments.It is found that gas blowing can greatly improve the flow characteristics in the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor.It dramatically increases the peak concentration time,and greatly decreases the dead volume,and reduces the minimum residence time.The gas blowing location,gas flow rate,and porous plug area greatly influence the flow characteristics in the tundish;the gas blowing location near t...     

连铸中间包耐火材料的冲蚀特性与控流装置的优化设置

中间包内耐火材料的损毁是化学反应、热应力与钢液流动的协同作用所致,中间包内控流装置发生侵蚀的主要原因是钢液对耐火材料的冲蚀。对设置有湍流控制器、挡渣堰、挡渣坝的中间包耐火材料的冲蚀特性进行数值模拟计算与分析,结果表明,中间包内冲蚀最严重的部位是在湍流控制器及冲击区包壁上部1/3处,其次是挡渣堰迎向钢液流动一侧壁面;随着挡渣堰与钢液入口距离的增加,钢液对挡渣堰、挡渣坝的冲蚀强度下降;根据停留时间分布（RTD）曲线设置中间包控流装置时,应考虑钢液对耐火材料的冲蚀特性。     

中间包自由表面的数学模拟

为了更好的发挥中间包在冶金中的作用,研究了坝高、堰深、坝堰间距及中间包水口出流速度等因素对中间包自由表面的影响,试验通过营造中间包水口附近平稳的钢液面来减少卷渣,从而达到提高铸坯质量的目的。     

二流连铸中间包内型优化水模试验

以相似原理为基础,用水模拟钢液研究中间包内的钢水流动特征,通过测定模型中间包内停留时间分布曲线(RTD),计算其平均停留时间及死区、活塞区和混合区的体积。试验表明,经过改进的中间包,其最短停留时间由20s增加到54s,平均停留时间由249s增加到305s,死区体积则由30．34％降低到14．74％,优化了中间包内的流场。     

Behaviors of fine bubbles in the shroud nozzle of ladle and tundish

Fine bubbles will create when the inert gas is introduced to the high rapid steel stream within the shroud nozzle between ladle and tundish. The collision and attachment among the bubbles and fine inclusions will promote the floatation efficiency of inclusions in the tundish. The behaviors of the bubbles, such as the dispersion in shroud, coalescence and floatation in tundish, are studied. The results show that the maximum sizes of the bubbles in the water and steel flow within the shroud in the length of 1.2 m are 0.70-1.44 mm and 1.53-3.16 mm respectively when the flow rates are 0.006-0.016 m3/s; the terminal velocities of fine bubbles in the water and molten steel within the tundish are 0.02-0.2 and 0.05-0.6 m/s.     

连铸中间包连续测温系统研究

开发了中间包连续测温系统。有效地解决了连续测温的3个关键问题,即测温传感器的响应速率,灵敏度及温漂问题,提高了中间包钢水连续测温的准确性。     

板坯连铸机中间包流场研究

应用湍流流动的数学模型研究板坯连铸机中间包内钢液的流动,该模型包括求解三维湍流的Navirt-Stekes方程和K-ε两方程的湍流模型。对宝钢板坯连铸机中间包的流场作了模拟与分析,结果证明宝钢连铸机中间包的流场方式是合理的。     

六流小方坯连铸中间包内型优化设计水模研究

通过水力学模型试验,研究了中间包内的流场和流动分布。研究表明：现场中间包内型结构欠合理。试验通过在中间包模型内加设V型档墙,并调整挡墙上开孔的数量、大小、倾角和位置来控制流体流动的方式,从而使流场得以改善,满足生产实际要求,保证了连铸机的正常操作和铸坯质量。     

短时车流量组合预测模型

随着道路车量不断增多,由交通异常事件造成的非正常拥堵情况严重影响了出行者的出行效率和路网的整体运行水平.因此,需要准确及时地检测出非正常拥堵情况,通过诱导、疏通等方式改善拥堵状况.对车流量的准确预测是检测非正常拥堵的有效方法.根据交通流量的不确定性和非线性的特点,将改进的BP神经网络模型和ARIMA模型进行组合,建立组合预测模型.实验结果表明,组合模型的预测结果比单个模型的预测结果理想,且达到较高的预测精度.     

Numerical investigation of the effect of transitory strand opening on mixing in a multistrand tundish

In a multistrand,the outlet near the inlet produces short circuiting flow.This leads to the formation of dead zones inside the tundish,and consequently,the mean residence time decreases.In the present study,numerical investigation of mixing inside a delta shaped tundish with sloping boundaries was carried out by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and employing the standard turbulence model.To decrease the dead zone volume inside the tundish,the effect of closing the outlet near the inlet for a small amount of time and further opening it on the mixing behavior of the tundish was studied.The outlets near the inlet were closed for varying amount of time,and the transient analysis of fluid flow and the tracer dispersion study were carried out to find the mixing parameters of the tundish,namely,mean residence time and the ratio of mixed to dead volume of the tundish.An optimum closure time of the near outlet has been found,which yields best mixing inside the tundish.The numerical code was validated against the experimental observation by performing the tracer dispersion study inside a multistrand tundish and the reasonably good match between the experimental and numerical results in terms of residence time distribution (RTD)curves.The results obtained from the present study confirm the strong role of choosing the right time for opening and closing the outlets to get improved characteristics for the fluid flow and mixing behavior of the tundish.The educational version of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)soft ware PHOENICS was used to solve the governing equations and interpret the results in different forms.     

Orthogonal analysis of water model study on the optimization of flow control devices in a six-strand tundish

Improper flow control devices in a multi-strand tundish can cause some problems, for example, liquid steel cannot reach every nozzle at the same time and the liquid steel in nozzles far away from the entry zone has a lower temperature. The water model experiment of a six-strand tundish of Tianjin Iron ＆ Steel Co. Ltd. was performed, a new ＂U＂ type baffle was obtained, and its parameters were defined by perpendicular analysis. The ＂U＂ baffle can not only improve those imperfections, but also prolong the residence time of nonmetallic inclusions, which is good for their flotation and separation.