响应面法优化满族酸茶液化及糖化工艺

以玉米、糯米、大豆、小米为原料制作满族酸茶,应用响应面法优化液化及糖化工艺。以葡萄糖当量(即DE值)为评价指标以酶添加量、反应时间、反应温度、反应pH为影响因素,采用响应面试验分别对液化及糖化工艺进行优化。结果表明:液化最佳工艺为加酶量6 U/g,液化时间33 min,液化温度72℃,初始pH6.5,在此条件下液化DE值为21.32%±0.09%;糖化最优工艺为加酶量140 U/g,糖化时间5 h,糖化温度56℃,初始pH4.6,在此条件下糖化DE值为51.92%±0.13%。在此工艺条件下还原糖含量较高为0.0997 g/mL,可以为满族酸茶的产业化生产提供技术参数。     

凉薯液化糖化工艺

主要论述不同因素对凉薯淀粉液化糖化过程的影响.通过单因素和正交试验,通过试验得出最佳液化条件:液化温度为95℃,pH为6.0,α-淀粉酶添加量为12U/g,液化时间为60min;最佳糖化条件:糖化温度为55℃,pH为4.0,糖化酶添加量为160 U/g,糖化时间为2 h.结果表明工艺的还原糖产量较高,为凉薯酒的酿造打好基础.     

葛根醋发酵的液化及糖化工艺研究

目的:为了利于葛根醋发酵,对其液化及糖化工艺进行研究。方法:以黏度、糖化率为指标,在单因素和正交实验基础上,得出了最优液化以及糖化工艺条件。结果:液化时间为50min,温度为80℃,p H为5.5,加酶量为16U/g;此条件下,野葛液化醪黏度可达85.6MPa·g;糖化时间为55min,温度为60℃,p H为4.7,加酶量为140U/g,野葛根淀粉糖化率达到了55.1%,总异黄酮含量达到了2.31g/L。结论:该方法条件较易控制,糖化率较高,保证了野葛果醋发酵的顺利进行。     

玉米粉液化及糖化工艺条件优化

以玉米粉为原料,葡萄糖当量（DE）值作为评价指标,研究料液比、时间、酶添加量、温度、pH值对玉米粉液化及糖化效果的影响,采用单因素及正交试验对液化、糖化工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,将玉米粉加水配制成料液比1∶4（g∶mL）的浆料,调pH 6.2,最佳液化工艺条件为α-淀粉酶添加量8 U/g、液化温度80 ℃、液化时间60 min、液化液调pH 4.3;最佳糖化条件为糖化酶添加量250 U/g、糖化温度60 ℃、糖化时间12 h。在此最佳条件下,葡萄糖当量值达到93.1%。     

青稞粉液化糖化工艺研究

通过单因素和正交试验,探讨不同因素对青稞粉液化糖化过程的影响。试验结果得出60目青稞粉的最佳液化条件,料水比为1∶4.0(g/mL),α-淀粉酶添加量为500.1 nkat/g,pH为6.0～6.5,液化温度为85℃,液化时间为30 min;最佳糖化工艺条件,pH为4.5,糖化酶添加量为5 001.0 nkat/g,糖化温度为60℃,糖化时间为60 h。     

紫薯饮料的液化糖化工艺研究

研究了以紫薯为原料制备天然紫薯饮料,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了紫薯饮料的酶解液化工艺和糖化工艺,得到最优液化工艺为:高温α-淀粉酶加酶量40 U/g、90℃酶解15min;最佳糖化工艺为:葡萄糖淀粉酶加酶量120 U/g、糖化温度64℃、糖化pH4.5、糖化时间3h。此工艺条件下制作的紫薯饮料色泽鲜艳、口感良好、营养丰富。     

小米饮料的最佳液化、糖化及稳定条件研究

本文主要对小米饮料的淀粉液化、糖化的最佳反应条件和稳定剂对小米饮料稳定性的影响进行了探讨,结果表明小米浸提液的液化最佳条件为:α-淀粉酶的加酶量6U/g淀粉,作用时间90min,作用温度70℃,pH6.5;糖化的最佳条件为:β-淀粉酶的加酶量100U/g淀粉,作用时间60min,作用温度60℃,pH5.5;稳定剂的最佳配比为:0.5%的阿拉伯胶、0.07%的瓜儿豆胶、0.07%的黄原胶、2.1%的蔗糖。     

碎米制备果葡糖浆液化及糖化工艺

以碎米为原料制备果葡糖浆,研究液化和糖化的工艺条件.利用耐高温α-淀粉酶液化,通过单因素试验,得到最佳的液化工艺条件:料液比为1:5(g/mL),液化温度90℃,液化时间为35 min,加酶量40 U/g,pH6.5.此条件下的液化液葡萄糖值(dextrose equivalent,DE)为17.2％.利用含有糖化酶和...     

板栗酒生产中糖化工艺研究

为提高板栗原料利用率及板栗糖化液糖度,对板栗酒生产过程中的糖化工艺进行探讨。以新鲜板栗为原料,先经α-淀粉酶液化处理,所得液化液再由糖化酶糖化得糖化液。考察温度、pH、酶添加量、时间等因素对糖化的影响,利用正交试验对糖化工艺进行优化。试验结果表明,最优糖化工艺参数为液化温度65℃,pH值为6.5,加α-淀粉酶量10U/g;糖化温度60℃,pH值为4.5,加糖化酶量80U/g,糖化时间100min。     

双酶法水解橡子淀粉工艺研究

为掌握中温α-淀粉酶和糖化酶联合水解橡子淀粉的工艺条件,该研究在单因素试验的基础上,运用正交试验设计方法对橡子中的淀粉水解工艺进行了研究和优化。结果表明,橡子淀粉最佳液化工艺条件为中温α-淀粉酶添加量30 U/g,液化温度70 ℃,CaCl2添加量0.3%,液化pH 7.5,液化时间120 min,葡萄糖当量（DE）值为27.79%;最佳糖化工艺条件为糖化酶添加量300 U/g,糖化温度50 ℃,糖化pH 4.5,糖化时间120 min,DE值为48.13%。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．