干扰环境下MIMO雷达波形与接收滤波联合优化算法

传统雷达一般采用固定的发射波形,在干扰环境下很难获得最优的目标检测性能。针对这一问题,利用集中式多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达波形分集的优势,提出了一种干扰环境下的MIMO雷达波形与接收滤波联合优化算法。以最大化输出信干噪比为准则,使发射波形满足恒模条件,同时施加波形与具备较好脉压特性雷达波形之间的相似性约束,建立了有限相位发射波形与接收滤波权值的优化模型。然后,在循环迭代的算法框架下,将优化问题分解为2个子优化问题,并分别采用拉格朗日乘子法、半正定松弛技术对子优化问题求解,得到发射波形与接收滤波权值的联合优化结果。仿真结果表明,所提算法较现有方法相比有更高的输出信干噪比,使干扰信号的抑制性能得到改善,同时可兼顾发射波形的脉冲压缩特性。     

极化雷达输出信杂噪比优化算法研究

通过优化发射波形,可降低各种干扰和噪声对雷达场景信息的影响,从而提高雷达性能,以极化雷达为研究对象,在给定目标特性矩阵Ｔ(θ)、杂波参数和系统噪声υ条件下,采用最大化滤波器输出信杂噪比(Signal Clutter plus Noise Ratio, SCNR)为目标函数,通过优化设计发射波形与接收滤波器?实现了一种迭代优化方法。实验表明,相比现有的Pillai方法,该算法确保了极化雷达最大化输出SCNR的单调收敛性,提高了雷达的输出信杂噪比。     

基于凸优化方法的认知雷达低峰均比波形设计

为了提高雷达发射波形的检测性能,同时使发射机发挥其最大效能,以发射波形的低峰均比(PAR)为约束条件,该文提出了一种信号相关杂波背景下的认知雷达发射波形和接收机滤波器联合优化方法。首先,面向距离扩展目标检测问题,构建关于雷达输出信干噪比(SINR)的优化模型;然后将该模型转化为Rayleigh商形式,给出了接收机权值的解析表达式;在此基础上,通过半正定松弛,将关于发射波形半正定矩阵的非凸问题转化为凸问题,求得发射波形的最优矩阵解;最后,将秩1近似法和最近邻方法相结合,从最优矩阵解中提取出发射波形的最优向量解。该方法在给定PAR取值范围内可使波形的输出SINR达到最大,PAR=2时波形的SINR值与能量约束下优化波形的SINR值相同,并且比PAR=1时所得波形高出约0.5 dB。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。      

基于相位调制的宽带雷达波形优化方法

该文针对目标检测中宽带雷达信号发射-接收联合优化的问题,提出基于相位调制的宽带雷达波形优化方法。该方法充分发挥了雷达发射机的发射能力,即对于固定的发射机来说,以发射更大的能量来得到更大的输出信干噪比。仿真结果表明在同样的条件下,与已有方法相比,该方法输出信干噪比有1.8dB左右的提高,尤其是在杂波功率谱密度相对较小的时候效果更为明显。     

一种基于先验信息的机载MIMO雷达发射方向图设计方法

在非均匀杂波背景下,针对旁瓣杂波抑制问题,该文提出一种基于先验信息的机载多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达发射方向图设计方法。该方法利用目标和杂波在空域和多普勒域的2维先验信息,以最大化雷达空时匹配滤波后的输出信杂噪比(SCNR)为准则,建立关于发射信号相关矩阵的优化代价函数,并采用半正定规划(SDP)方法进行求解。仿真表明,在非均匀杂波背景下,采用该文方法优化设计的发射方向图可有效提高空时2维匹配滤波后的输出信杂噪比。     

MIMO雷达分组正交波形集优化设计方法

在现代电子对抗中,数字射频存储(DRFM)设备能够快速截获机载脉冲多普勒雷达信号,能够实现对多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的干扰。MIMO雷达可基于多组相互正交的波形集来对抗DRFM干扰。同时,为最大化MIMO雷达波形分集增益,每个脉冲内发射的波形也需要正交。为了平衡组内和组间的正交性,文中建立了一种分组正交波形集优化模型,其目标函数为组内和组间相关函数性能评估指标值的加权和;为了求解该优化问题,提出了一种分组正交波形集设计方法。所提方法将原优化问题简化为p-范数优化问题,基于MM算法导出了最小化目标函数的迭代求解表达式。仿真结果表明,所提方法可通过改变权重系数来灵活平衡MIMO雷达的干扰抑制性能和距离压缩性能。     

杂波中MIMO雷达恒模波形及接收机联合优化算法研究

为提高集中式MIMO雷达在强杂波中的目标检测性能,同时兼顾雷达发射机对于恒定包络波形的需求,以系统输出信杂噪比最大为优化准则,研究了MIMO雷达恒模多波形及接收机权值的联合优化问题.基于循环优化算法将联合优化问题分解为两个子优化步骤,并提出了基于半正定松弛及高斯随机化的恒模波形设计算法.结果表明所提算法能够在迭代过程中不断增加输出信杂噪比直至算法收敛.此外,其相比于能量约束下的最优波形性能损失很小,能够实现自适应杂波抑制并改善目标检测性能.     

噪声干扰背景下压缩感知雷达波形优化设计

为改善压缩感知雷达（Compressive Sensing Radar,CSR）在干扰噪声背景下目标检测及距离-多普勒参数的估计性能,该文提出一种感知矩阵平均相干系数（Averaged Coherence of the Sensing Matrix,ACSM）与信干噪比（Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio,SINR）联合优化的波形设计方法.文中首先建立了CSR距离-多普勒二维参数感知模型,推导了波形联合优化设计的目标函数,其次以多相编码信号作为优化码型并采用模拟退火（Simulated Annealing,SA）算法对目标函数进行优化求解.与传统CSR波形相比,优化设计的波形提高了CSR在低信干噪比条件下的成功检测概率,同时有效降低了目标距离-多普勒参数估计误差,由此改善了CSR在干扰噪声背景下的距离-多普勒成像质量.计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性.     

杂波条件下稳健的MIMO雷达发射波形和接收滤波器联合优化设计

现有MIMO雷达发射波形和接收滤波器联合优化方法均未考虑阵元功率放大器非线性以及算法的稳健性。针对上述问题,该文以MIMO雷达各阵元发射功率和每个阵元发射波形的峰均比(PAR)为约束条件,提出一种杂波条件下稳健的MIMO雷达发射波形和接收滤波器联合优化设计方法。该方法利用Max-Min构造目标导向矢量不确定集范围内关于雷达输出信干噪比(SINR)的优化模型,通过半正定松弛(SDR)、Charnes-Cooper转换、序列优化和Lagrange对偶方法,将非凸的联合优化模型转化为两个分别关于发射波形和接收滤波器空时序列协方差矩阵的凸的半正定规划问题(SDP)进行求解,最后利用随机向量合成方法得到具体的发射波形和接收滤波器。实验仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和稳健性。     

最大化SINR 的MIMO 雷达发射协方差矩阵设计

对于由实际阵元功率放大器非线性特性引起的波形畸变问题,现有多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达发射协方差矩阵设计方法大都不能在解决的同时保证较高的输出信干噪比(SINR)。鉴于此,文中以最大化输出SINR 和保证MIMO 雷达高自由度为设计目标,结合二相编码(BPSK)波形满足恒模约束的特性,给出了一种满秩发射协方差矩阵,验证了提出的协方差矩阵可以用于生成BPSK 波形,并推导了其可获得的最大输出SINR。仿真结果表明,当干扰位置已知时,文中方法拥有较高的输出SINR,同时能够抑制更多的干扰。     

Performance evaluation of spatially multiplexed MIMO systems with subset antenna transmission in interference limited environments

Transmit antenna selection in spatially multiplexed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is a low complexity low-rate feedback technique, which involves transmission of a reduced number of streams from the maximum possible to improve the error rate performance of linear receivers. It has been shown to be effective in enhancing the performance of single-user interference-free point-to-point MIMO systems. However, performance of transmit antenna selection techniques in interference-limited environments and over frequency selective channels is less well understood. In this paper, we investigate the performance of transmit antenna selection in spatially multiplexed MIMO systems in the presence of co-channel interference. We propose a transmission technique for the downlink of a cellular MIMO system that employs transmit antenna selection to minimize the effect of co-channel interference from surrounding cells. Several transmit antenna selection algorithms are proposed and their performance is evaluated in both frequency flat and frequency selective channels. Various antenna selection algorithms proposed in the literature for single user MIMO links are extended to a cellular scenario, where each user experiences co-channel interference from the other cells (intercell interference) in the system. For frequency selective channels, we consider orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with MIMO. We propose a selection algorithm that maximizes the average output SINR over all subcarriers. A method to quantify selection gain in frequency selective channel is discussed. The effect of delay spread on the selection gain is studied by simulating practical fading environments with different delay spreads. The effect of the variable signal constellation sizes and the number of transmitted streams on the bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed system is also investigated in conjunction with the transmit antenna selection. Simulation results show that for low to moderate interference power, significant improvement in the system performance is achievable with the use of transmit antenna selection algorithms. Even though the gain due to selection in frequency selective channels is reduced compared to that in flat fading channels due to the inherent frequency diversity, the performance improvement is significant when the system is interference limited. The performance improvement due to reduced number of transmit streams at larger signal constellation sizes is found to be more significant in spatially correlated scenarios, and the gain due to selection is found to be reduced with the increased delay spread. It is found that employing transmit antenna selection algorithms in conjunction with adaptation of the number of transmitted streams and the signal constellation sizes can significantly improve the performance of MIMO systems with co-channel interference.     

A method using optimized combinations based on energy spectrum extension factor to reduce MAI in asynchronous DS-CDMA systems

The principle to suppress multiple access interference (MAI) using double chip waveforms (DCW) in asynchronous DS-CDMA systems is analyzed in the paper. Based on the principle, a new method adopting optimized combinations of chip waveforms (CCW) to reduce MAI is proposed. The energy spectrum extension factor (ESEF) of equivalent chip waveform is introduced to optimally select CCW to reduce MAI, improve the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and bite error rate (BER) performance of asynchronous DS-CDMA users. The general closed form expression of SINR for asynchronous DS-CDMA users with CCW is obtained. The BER is also derived by improved Gaussian approximation (IGA). The theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results show that the optimized CCW using ESEF can effectively suppress MAI better, achieve higher SINR and BER performance compared with DCW. Moreover, the overlap between the simulation and IGA BER curves verifies the theoretical derivation.     

Performance of coherent receiver with weighted despreading sequencefor DS-CDMA

The performance of a DS-CDMA system using coherent receivers with the despreading sequences weighted by adjustable chip waveforms is presented. A new expression for the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the decision variable is derived for the proposed receiver. When the system parameters are given, the derived SINR expression is determined only by one parameter of the weighted despreading sequence. As a result, the parameter can be simply tuned in practice for multiple access interference (MAI) rejection     

Multiuser beamforming based on max SINR for downlink spatial multiplexing MIMO

In this article, a method based on max signal interference noise ratio (SINR) criterion is proposed, to mitigate the interuser interference for downlink multiuser spatial multiplexing multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems.Unlike the zero forcing (ZF) scheme in which the SNR is decreased when the interference is eliminated completely, max SINR method makes a compromise between noise and interuser interference.When the number of substreams is larger than the difference between the number of base station antennas and the sum of interference mobile station antennas, the ZF is infeasible.An existing coordinated TX-RX block diagonalization (COOR BD) method uses preprocessing at the receiver to cancel the interuser interference.However, it cannot obtain more receive diversity gain because of the preprocessing.Analysis and simulation show that the max SINR scheme has better performance than the ZF method.Moreover, when the ZF is infeasible, the max SINR scheme can obtain more receive diversity gain than COOR BD in the two-user case.     

非完备杂波先验知识场景下MIMO-STAP稳健波形设计

本文考虑了色高斯干扰条件下MIMO STAP稳健波形优化问题以提高非完备杂波先验知识条件下多输入多输出（MIMO）雷达体制下空时自适应处理（STAP）最坏情况下探测性能。由于高斯干扰（包括杂波、干扰以及热噪声）场景下最大化系统输出信干噪比（SINR）等价于最大化MIMO STAP检测性能,因而在本文所建立杂波协方差估计误差的模型基础上,总功率发射以及参数不确定凸集约束下,经推导可得稳健波形优化问题。为求解得到的复杂非线性问题,本文提出了一种迭代算法以优化发射波形相关阵（WCM）从而最大化凸不确定集上最差情况下的输出SINR进而改善最差情况下MIMO STAP的检测性能。通过利用对角加载（DL）方法,所提算法中的每个迭代步骤皆可表示为能获得高效求解的半定规划（SDP）问题。与非稳健方法及非相关波形相比,数值实验验证了本文所提方法的有效性。      

MIMO Radar Space–Time Adaptive Processing Using Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions

In the traditional transmitting beamforming radar system, the transmitting antennas send coherent waveforms which form a highly focused beam. In the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system, the transmitter sends noncoherent (possibly orthogonal) broad (possibly omnidirectional) waveforms. These waveforms can be extracted at the receiver by a matched filterbank. The extracted signals can be used to obtain more diversity or to improve the spatial resolution for clutter. This paper focuses on space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for MIMO radar systems which improves the spatial resolution for clutter. With a slight modification, STAP methods developed originally for the single-input multiple-output (SIMO) radar (conventional radar) can also be used in MIMO radar. However, in the MIMO radar, the rank of the jammer-and-clutter subspace becomes very large, especially the jammer subspace. It affects both the complexity and the convergence of the STAP algorithm. In this paper, the clutter space and its rank in the MIMO radar are explored. By using the geometry of the problem rather than data, the clutter subspace can be represented using prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWF). A new STAP algorithm is also proposed. It computes the clutter space using the PSWF and utilizes the block-diagonal property of the jammer covariance matrix. Because of fully utilizing the geometry and the structure of the covariance matrix, the method has very good SINR performance and low computational complexity.     

集中式MIMO雷达与相控阵雷达干扰抑制性能对比

针对传统相控阵雷达与集中式多输入多输出( MIMO)雷达的干扰抑制性能优劣问题,对集中式MIMO雷达与相控阵雷达的信干噪比和改善因子进行了对比分析,从理论上研究了两种体制雷达的干扰抑制能力并进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,与传统相控阵雷达相比,集中式MIMO雷达通过提升信干噪比输出增强了干扰抑制能力。     

多小区多用户TDD MIMO下行链路干扰抑制预编码算法

针对多小区多用户TDD MIMO下行链路,提出了一种基于预编码的联合干扰抑制算法。首先,利用广义MMSE信道逆的QR分解设计预编码矩阵抑制下行链路的多用户干扰(MUI)。然后,从信号能量泄露的角度设计第二个预编码矩阵抑制小区间干扰(ICI)和残留的多用户干扰。该算法能够利用TDD MIMO信道的互易性,不需要用户端的反馈。在市区微小区组成的多用户TDD MIMO系统中的仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地提高系统容量和用户端平均信干噪比(SINR)。     

Waveform optimization for MIMO-STAP to improve the detection performance

In this letter, we address the problem of waveform optimization for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) space-time adaptive processing (STAP) in the presence of colored Gaussian disturbance. A novel diagonal loading (DL) based method is proposed to optimize the waveform covariance matrix (WCM) for maximizing the output signal-interference-noise ratio (SINR) of MIMO-STAP such that the detection performance can be maximized. The resultant nonlinear optimization problem is reformulated as a semidefinite programming (SDP) one, which can be solved very efficiently. Simulation results show that the output SINR of MIMO-STAP can be improved considerably by the proposed method, as compared to that of uncorrelated waveforms.     

基于量子遗传算法的MIMO雷达正交信号波形设计

正交信号波形设计是MIMO雷达领域的研究热点,随着技术的发展,MIMO雷达对正交信号波形的性能要求越来越高。针对现有MIMO雷达正交信号波形互相关峰值较高且算法收敛速度慢的问题,为了提高码长较长的正交信号波形的性能,本文使用量子遗传算法,将量子计算与遗传算法相结合,进一步降低了波形的互相关峰值,一方面降低了不同目标回波之间的相互干扰,提高了雷达系统的检测性能,另一方面使雷达系统更难被敌方定位,提高了雷达的战场生存能力。仿真试验的结果表明,该方法能有效提高波形的正交性能,并加快了优化的速度。