基于最小二乘支持向量机算法的南宋官窑出土瓷片分类

将最小二乘支持向量机(least square support vector machine,LS-SVM)算法用于杭州南宋官窑2窑址出土瓷片的分类研究中,根据瓷片胎和釉的主要、次要和痕量元素组成对它们进行了分类,用留一法检验其分类效果,并与支持向量机( support vector machine,SVM)算法和自组织特征映射(self-organizing map,SOM)算法进行了比较.结果表明:SVM算法和LS-SVM算法比SOM算法更适合于处理"小样本"问题;一般情况下,SVM的分类效果比LS-SVM的分类效果好,但是LS-SVM具有更快的求解速度.     

基于支持向量机的软测量建模方法的应用

利用基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)的软测量建模方法,通过工业现场数据来对丁二烯精馏装置建立软测量模型.对于该软测量模型,支持向量机方法比BP神经网络方法具有更好的泛化能力.研究结果表明,基于最小二乘的支持向量机建模方法是一种有效的软测量建模方法.     

基于差分进化算法-最小二乘支持向量机的软测量建模

软测量技术是解决工业过程中存在的一类难以在线测量参数估计问题的有效方法,该技术的核心是建立优良的数学模型。支持向量机是基于统计学理论的一种机器学习方法,最小二乘支持向量机是一种扩展的支持向量机,相对于支持向量机具有较快求解速度。最小二乘支持向量机存在着参数选择的问题,针对这个问题,采用差分进化算法进行参数选择。提出基于差分进化算法的最小二乘支持向量机应用于软测量建模,并将其应用于对苯二甲酸中对羧基苯甲醛含量测试的软测量建模中,获得了满意的结果。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的非线性补偿器

针对工业过程中普遍存在的非线性被控对象,通过最小二乘支持向量机对系统的模型偏差建模,并在此基础上构造非线性补偿器.首先,采用具有RBF核函数的LS-SVM离线建立系统偏差模型,并在系统运行时不断对偏差模型进行在线修正;然后基于此模型在DMC预测控制的基础之上构建补偿器;最后成功应用于智能工厂实验室的多变量液位控制实验装置.     

基于M估计器的支持向量机算法及其应用

训练样本的准确性对回归分析模型有很大的影响,然而训练样本中难免会出现一些造成分析模型失效的奇异点。 为克服奇异点对回归模型的影响,本文提出了一种基于M估计器的支持向量机（M-SVM）。它采用M估计器的目标函数代替最小二乘支持向量机（LS-SVM）目标函数中的残差平方和,同时提出了M-SVM的迭代求解算法,并将该算法应用于含有奇异点的低维仿真数据回归和汽油近红外光谱定量分析中。实验结果证明,相比于其他的支持向量机,M-SVM具有更好的稳健性和分析精度。     

基于改进粒子群优化LSSVM的水泥熟料fCaO软测量

针对水泥熟料fCaO含量难以在线实时测量,提出了一种基于最小二乘支持向量机的软测量建模方法。针对最小二乘支持向量机模型的2个难点进行了改进:首先利用样本间的马氏距离来衡量样本的相似程度,删除样本中部分相似样本,提高最小二乘支持向量机模型的稀疏性,从而减小了模型的运算量。然后利用改进的粒子群优化算法对最小二乘支持向量机模型的2个重要参数进行迭代寻优,克服了常规交叉验证法或网格搜索法等参数选择方法的盲目性。最后将基于粒子群最小二乘支持向量机软测量模型用于熟料fCaO含量的实例仿真。结果表明,该方法具有收敛性好、预测精度高、泛化能力强等优点。     

基于LS-SVM和Pensim仿真平台的青霉素发酵过程建模

从青霉素发酵过程仿真平台(Pensim)得到的结果作为出发点,采用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)对青霉素发酵过程进行建模研究。分别研究丁利用溶解氧浓度、排气二氧化碳浓度等变量对青霉素产物浓度、菌体浓度和底物浓度等重要过程变量的建模问题,在3种不同的仿真条件下分别建立了相应的在线预报模型,并对其进行了分析和比较。基于 Pensim 的仿真结果表明采用 LS-SVM 方法所建立的在线预报模型均具有良好的预测精度,对后续发酵过程的控制和优化能起到一定的参考作用。     

基于PSO-LSSVM的研究法辛烷值预测建模

针对现存的红外线分析仪表无法在线分析抗爆剂对成品油研究法辛烷值的影响问题,考虑到样本数据较少的因素,提出一种基于粒子群优化的最小二乘支持向量机方法,以粒子群优化的方法来选取最小二乘支持向量机的模型参数,在克服了交叉验证法耗时与盲目性问题的同时,又发挥了最小二乘支持向量机的小样本学习能力强和计算简单的特点,将其应用于汽油调合系统中研究法辛烷值的预测.仿真结果表明,该模型的估计值与实际化验值吻合得较好.     

基于ICA和ES-SVM的油气两相流空隙率测量

基于12电极电容层析成像系统(ECT),提出了一种油气两相流空隙率测量的新方法.实际测量时,以ECT电容传感器获得的66个电容测量值作为输入,利用空隙率测量模型计算空隙率.建模过程中,首先采用独立分量分析(ICA),对66个电容测量值进行特征提取.然后以特征参数作为输入,空隙率作为输出,用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)建立回归函数,并运用进化策略(ES)寻找最优LS-SVM参数.实验结果验证了本文方法的有效性,测量精度和实时性满足工业应用的要求.     

钢铁企业蒸汽产生量预测模型研究

提出一种基于小波变换-最小二乘支持向量机的钢铁企业蒸汽产生量预测方法。先对数据进行小波变换以提取数据的特征;然后建立LS-SVM模型,对各分量进行预测以提高预测精度。实验结果表明:小波变换-最小二乘支持向量机预测方法预测精度高、性能好,具有良好的实用性,为蒸汽生产优化调度提供了科学的依据。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的软测量方法在精对苯二甲酸生产中的应用

研究了一种基于改进型的最小二乘支持向量机的软测量方法在精对苯二甲酸(PTA)生产中晶体粒径大小估计中的应用。对最小二乘支持向量机采取了稀疏化与实时滚动改进,改进后的算法样本数量大大降低,同时保持了原有水平的预测能力。结果表明该方法对精对苯二甲酸的颗粒具有较高的预测能力。     

基于改进的LS-SVM测量油气两相流空隙率

利用ECT电容传感器提供的电容测量值,基于改进的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM),提出了一种油气两相流空隙率测量的新方法.运用该方法测量空隙率时,以ECT电容传感器获取的66个独立电容值作为空隙率模型的输入,计算即可得空隙率.建模阶段,针对LS-SVM使用中存在的问题,首先运用训练数据筛选技巧,对LS-SVM进行稀疏化改进,接着引入实数编码的遗传算法(RC-GA)优化LS-SVM参数,然后运用改进后的LS-SVM和基于RC-GA的参数选取方法建立空隙率测量模型.所提出的空隙率测量方法省去了常用ECT方法测量空隙率时的复杂耗时的图像重建过程,提高了空隙率测量的实时性.实验结果表明,提出的LS-SVM改进和参数优化方法是有效的,提出的空隙率测量方法具有实时性佳的优点,测量精度满足实际应用要求.     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的天然气负荷预测

对城市天然气负荷预测的研究,对于保证天然气管网用气量、优化管网的调度和设备维修具有极其重要的意义．在国内,对于城市天然气负荷预测的研究才刚刚起步,目前还没有较系统的理论．同技术与理论较为成熟的电力负荷预测研究相比较,两者既有许多相同点,又有不同之处．相同之处在     

一种基于支持向量机增量学习的软测量建模方法

针对软测量模型在现场的失效问题,提出一种基于支持向量增量学习的软测量建模方法,将增量样本中违背Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件的样本引入到工作样本集中,同时将非支持向量中到特征空间超球球心距离较小的样本剔除出工作样本集。并将提出的方法用于对二甲苯吸附分离过程中产品纯度的预测中。     

Measurement of Whole Soybean Fatty Acids by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Whole soybean fatty acid contents were measured by near infrared spectroscopy. Three calibration algorithms—partial least squares (PLS), artificial neural networks (ANN), and least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM)—were implemented. Three different validation strategies using independent sets and part of calibration samples as validation sets were created. There was a significant improvement of the prediction precision of all fatty acids measured on relative concentration of oil compared with previous literature using PLS (standard error of prediction of 0.85, 0.42, 1.64, 1.67, and 0.90% for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids respectively). ANN and LS-SVM methods performed significantly better than PLS for palmitic, oleic and linolenic acids. Calibration models developed on relative concentrations (% of oil) were compared to prediction models created on absolute fatty acid concentration (% of weight) and corrected to relative concentration by multiplying by the predicted oil content. While models were easier to develop in absolute concentration (higher coefficients of determination), the multiplication of errors with the total oil content model resulted in no net precision improvement.     

Application of support vector regression for developing soft sensors for nonlinear processes

The field of soft sensor development has gained significant importance in the recent past with the development of efficient and easily employable computational tools for this purpose. The basic idea is to convert the information contained in the input–output data collected from the process into a mathematical model. Such a mathematical model can be used as a cost efficient substitute for hardware sensors. The Support Vector Regression (SVR) tool is one such computational tool that has recently received much attention in the system identification literature, especially because of its successes in building nonlinear blackbox models. The main feature of the algorithm is the use of a nonlinear kernel transformation to map the input variables into a feature space so that their relationship with the output variable becomes linear in the transformed space. This method has excellent generalisation capabilities to high‐dimensional nonlinear problems due to the use of functions such as the radial basis functions which have good approximation capabilities as kernels. Another attractive feature of the method is its convex optimization formulation which eradicates the problem of local minima while identifying the nonlinear models. In this work, we demonstrate the application of SVR as an efficient and easy‐to‐use tool for developing soft sensors for nonlinear processes. In an industrial case study, we illustrate the development of a steady‐state Melt Index soft sensor for an industrial scale ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) polymer extrusion process using SVR. The SVR‐based soft sensor, valid over a wide range of melt indices, outperformed the existing nonlinear least‐square‐based soft sensor in terms of lower prediction errors. In the remaining two other case studies, we demonstrate the application of SVR for developing soft sensors in the form of dynamic models for two nonlinear processes: a simulated pH neutralisation process and a laboratory scale twin screw polymer extrusion process. A heuristic procedure is proposed for developing a dynamic nonlinear‐ARX model‐based soft sensor using SVR, in which the optimal delay and orders are automatically arrived at using the input–output data.     

Application of online support vector regression for soft sensors

Soft sensors have been widely used in chemical plants to estimate process variables that are difficult to measure online. One of the crucial difficulties of soft sensors is that predictive accuracy drops due to changes in state of chemical plants. Characteristics of adaptive soft sensor models such as moving window models, just‐in‐time models and time difference models were previously discussed. The predictive accuracy of any traditional models decreases when sudden changes in processes occur. Therefore, a new soft sensor method based on online support vector regression (SVR) and the time variable was developed for constructing soft sensor models adaptive to rapid changes of relationships among process variables. A nonlinear SVR model with the time variable is updated with the most recent data. The proposed method was applied to simulation data and real industrial data, and achieved higher predictive accuracy than traditional ones even when time‐varying changes in process characteristics happen. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 600–612, 2014