300MW机组用抗燃油的特点与运行问题及对策

简述了300MW机组抗燃油系统的概况，介绍了磷酸酯抗燃油的特点，分析了抗燃油运行中酸值增高的原因，提出了解决问题的措施。     

汽轮机抗燃油的维护和保养

文章分析了汽轮机抗燃油油质污染机理,提出了抗燃油维护、保养方法及措施。     

磷酸酯抗燃油油质运行控制与维护分析

随着电力工业的高速发展，大容量、高参数机组投建愈来愈多，对抗燃油油质的要求也越来越高。抗燃油各项指标超标都会不同程度地影响到整个抗燃油系统。上海火力发电厂在抗燃油的运行上分别采取在线处理与离线处理装置进行处理，对保护抗燃油的品质，延续抗燃油的运行寿命起到决定性的作用。但在线处理与离线处理装置的配置、运行、维护均存在一定的问题，使抗燃油的酸值、颗粒度、水分、泡沫特性和电阻率等指标存在超标问题。通过对抗燃油在线、离线处理装置的再生处理介质、运行维护进行分析与比较，提出合理的在线、离线处理方式，用以提高磷酸酯抗燃油的运行寿命。     

抗燃油系统故障分析及处理

高压抗燃油系统是DEH系统的重要组成部分,抗燃油系统的油质受到污染、油压、油位不正常将影响到DEH系统的正常工作。分析了高压抗燃油被污染、油压、油位不正常的原因及消除方法。     

利用电厂粉煤灰再生劣化抗燃油的试验研究

对粉煤灰和几种常用吸附剂的成份进行了对比分析,通过接触法再生正交试验探讨了再生劣化抗燃油的最佳工艺条件。并对再生前后的抗燃油进行了品质对比分析。     

汽轮机用抗燃油的运行管理和监督

大型汽轮机电液调节系统（ＥＨＣ）的运行管理和抗燃油的运行监督,在我国还是一项新而薄弱的工作,详细介绍了大型汽轮机电液调节系统及抗燃油的运行监督和管理。     

300MW汽轮机全电调控制系统液压系统国产化设计

文章对我厂进口美国ETSI公司300MW汽轮机高压抗燃油全电调液压系统分析的基础上，同时参照国外其它汽机制造大公司的高压抗燃油压系统，进行了液压系统国产化设计和开发。     

汽轮机抗燃油的运行管理和监督

大型汽轮机电液调节系统（ＥＨＣ）抗燃油的运行监督,在我国还是一项新而薄弱的工作。作者将工作中积累的经验加以系统总结,详细介绍了大型汽轮机电液调节系统抗燃油的运行监督和管理。     

GE汽轮机抗燃油系统的冲洗工艺

介绍了华能德州电厂GE产660MW汽轮机抗燃油系统的冲洗工艺。     

采用REXA执行器取代电液伺服阀对抗燃油DEH系统的改造

采用REXA执行器取代电液伺服阀,对华能岳阳发电有限责任公司2号机组、GEC ALSTHOM 362．5MW汽轮机、抗燃油DEH系统进行了改造。彻底解决了电液转换装置易受油质污染的缺陷,消除了影响机组安全运行的隐患,提高了DEH系统运行的稳定性、可靠性,改造的成功为抗燃油DEH系统的设计、改造提供了新的途径。     

藏北高原典型草甸下垫面与HEIFE沙漠区辐射平衡气候学特征对比分析

利用中日合作“全球能量与水分平衡试验一青藏高原季风试验(GAME—Tibet)”和中日合作“黑河地区地一气相互作用野外观测实验研究(HEIFE)”IOP、FOP资料,计算分析了藏北高原典型草甸下垫面安多站和HEIFE沙漠站的辐射平衡各相关特征量时频变化的气候学特征。结果表明：无论是高原安多站还是黑河沙漠站,夏季均出现超太阳常数现象(只是安多更为明显);总辐射、大气逆辐射、地表长波辐射、地表有效辐射和地表辐射平衡等的日变化(晴天)无论是安多站还是沙漠站均表现为早晚出现最小值而正午附近(地方时)达到最大值,而地表反照率的日变化(晴天)相反表现为早晚大而正午附近小的规律;上述各分量均表现有程度不等的季节变化规律：总辐射、大气逆辐射、地表长波辐射和地表辐射平衡均表现为夏半年增大达到最大值百而冬半年降低量出现最小值;另外,大气长波辐射、地表有效辐射和地表反照率在沙漠站的年际变化的振幅较安多站更为显著和有规律。     

王官屯油田官142地区中生界地层特征

王官屯油田地处河北省沧县王官屯乡境内,区域构造位置为黄骅坳陷南区孔店构造带的西南端,处于孔东断裂带两侧。根据钻录井特征、地球物理响应特征,结合区域地层对比,将王官屯油田官142地区中生界地层划分为中下三叠统、中下侏罗统、上侏罗统-下白垩统三套旋回。通过对该区地层特征的分析,认为中下三叠统以棕红、紫红色粉细砂岩和泥岩互层为主;中下侏罗统下部主要为暗色泥岩夹砂岩,上部为一套巨厚砂砾岩,并作为中生界油藏主要储集层;上侏罗统-下白垩统发育紫红色砂岩及安山岩。通过分析各时期的构造运动特征,认为印支运动以整体抬升为主,发育了三叠系地层;燕山早期以走滑和挤压为主,盆地规模较小,发育中下侏罗统的河湖相沉积;燕山中期火山活动强烈,发育火山物质为主的晚侏罗世-早白垩世地层;燕山晚期该区整体抬升遭受剥蚀,缺失上白垩统地层。而喜山时期的升降运动对中生界油气成藏具有重要意义。     

Introduction to the Asian Energy Security project: Project organization and methodologies

The spectacular recent economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region in general, and in many of the economies of Northeast Asia in particular, has spurred a vast expansion in the need for energy services, and an expansion in the demand for the fuels that help to supply these services. Future projections suggest that the growth of fossil fuel use in Northeast Asia, especially in China, will have major consequences for financial and fuel markets and pollution both regionally and globally. Before the project described in this paper was initiated, there was no ongoing forum for energy experts from all of the countries of the region to meet, informally and in an unofficial capacity, to discuss openly and in a targeted fashion the energy situations in their countries, and to work together to evaluate the energy efficiency costs and benefits of different ways of meeting regional demand. The Asian Energy Security (AES) project provides such a forum, and as such constitutes a unique resource in the engagement of the countries of Northeast Asia on the topic of energy security.     

Exploration of the land potential for the production of biomass for energy in the Netherlands

The energy potential for energy crops and biomass residues in the Netherlands is assessed. The analysis explores the possible use of land for biomass production in the future. Various government memorandums and analyses of the expected future land use in various sectors have served as the basis for the assessment of the supply of and the demand for land in the future. In this study the potential supply of agricultural land is based on expected productivity increments in agriculture and assumptions with respect to the future demand for agricultural products. Various future claims for infrastructure, forestry, urban areas and nature are subtracted from the expected supply. The net projected supply of land ranges from zero to 52 000 ha in 2000 to 110 000-250 000 ha in 2015. The supply of agricultural land depends however on a number of supra-national factors, such as the European agricultural policy, world market developments and the agricultural production in the countries in Eastern Europe. Uncertainties remain, therefore, and the projected supply of agricultural land should be considered as a possible scenario based on current trends. If the calculated land potential is used for energy crops like miscanthus and short rotation coppice, this land could contribute 0-10 PJ in 2000 and 27-59 PJ in 2015. Secondary biomass yields, such as those from forestry, agricultural residues, wood from prunings, etc., could contribute a further 34 PJ in 2000, decreasing to approximately 28 PJ in 2015. Taken together these potentials could satisfy 1-1.5% of the energy requirements of the Netherlands in 2000 and 1.5-2.5% in 2015, provided that energy farming is an economically feasible activity for farmers.     

氯对连续重整反应的影响

中国石油长庆石化公司60×10^4t／a连续重整装置采用法国AXENS公司连续重整工艺技术．催化剂采用中国石化石油化工科学研究院PS-Ⅵ型连续重整催化剂。装置在运行16个月后,出现重整反应温降逐渐减小,重整生成油辛烷值和芳烃含量下降,苯、液化气和氢产量降低,以及催化剂积炭升高等现象。引起这些现象的原因主要有重整原料性质变化,催化剂硫、氮中毒和催化剂活性下降等。经分析探讨,认为再生催化剂氯含量偏低是造成装置生产和产品质量异常的原因。对重整注氯系统进行检查后,发现再生系统注氯分配器堵塞。无法正常注氯。对再生系统注氯线进行疏通后,操作恢复正常,产品质量好转。在日常生产过程中,可通过加强DCS操作监控力度、提高氧氯化区氧含量和烧焦温度、严格控制催化剂中的氯含量和水含量等措施,保证装置平稳运行。     

上游洲滩与橡胶坝之间相互影响关系的试验研究

鉴于江心洲或边滩在河道中具有塑造河槽、约束水流的作用,试验模拟了江心洲与橡胶坝（全坝和开口坝）的相互作用在不同流量下对坝址上游水位和流速的影响,并分析了含江心洲的河道中不同坝型在洪水期对泄流量的影响。结果表明,全坝与江心洲同时存在时对水力特性的影响比开口坝与江心洲同时存在时明显,在洪水期开口坝与江心洲同时存在时的泄流量大于全坝与江心洲同时存在时的泄流量。为此在河道整治过程中可充分利用橡胶坝与洲滩的相互影响,以达到防洪和生态兼顾的效果。     

Thermodynamic irreversibilities and exergy balance in combustion processes

The growing concern for energy, economy and environment calls for an efficient utilization of natural energy resources in developing useful work. An important thermodynamic aspect in gauging the overall energy economy of any physical process is the combined energy and exergy analysis from the identification of process irreversibilities. The present paper makes a comprehensive review pertaining to fundamental studies on thermodynamic irreversibility and exergy analysis in the processes of combustion of gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. The need for such investigations in the context of combustion processes in practice is first stressed upon and then the various approaches of exergy analysis and the results arrived at by different research workers in the field have been discussed. It has been recognized that, in almost all situations, the major source of irreversibilities is the internal thermal energy exchange associated with high-temperature gradients caused by heat release in combustion reactions. The primary way of keeping the exergy destruction in a combustion process within a reasonable limit is to reduce the irreversibility in heat conduction through proper control of physical processes and chemical reactions resulting in a high value of flame temperature but lower values of temperature gradients within the system. The optimum operating condition in this context can be determined from the parametric studies on combustion irreversibilities with operating parameters in different types of flames.     

Procedural (in)justice in the implementation of solar energy: The case of Charanaka solar park,Gujarat, India

Solar PV is being rolled out on a large scale in India and other emerging economies, but in the enthusiasm for solar’s promise of plentiful, low carbon energy, the social and environmental justice concerns accompanying such infrastructure development are in danger of being overlooked. In this context, this paper, using the case study of ‘Charanaka Solar Park’ in Gujarat state, qualitatively analyses the degree of provision for procedural justice in solar energy implementation in India using a framework drawn from social environmental and energy justice literatures. The case study illustrates how the failure of various aspects of procedural justice can result in unnecessarily large impacts on the livelihoods of rural communities and the further marginalisation of those of lowest status. We conclude with discussion of the aspects of procedural justice that need attention in low carbon energy developments in developing countries alongside some policy and governance suggestions for the achievement of this in India and elsewhere.     

基于相对湿润度指数的贵州省近十年干旱特征分析

为分析贵州省干旱分布特征,基于贵州省均匀分布的30个气象站点2010～2019年的逐日气象数据,以相对湿润度指数为干旱监测指标,利用反距离权重插值分析及相关分析研究贵州省近10年的干旱特征.结果 表明,贵州省不同月份的干旱强度和干旱发生范围有所不同,且总体上呈干旱等级越高,干旱范围越小的态势.不同时间尺度的干旱强度和干...