基于电荷耦合器的在线实时检测仪的研制

本文阐述了在线实时检测仪在研制中选用的线阵电荷耦合器件CCD的特点、主要技术指标 ,光源的选择与照度的匹配 ,对光束准直系统、二值化处理的线阵CCD驱动板、主电路板系统的设计 ,最后给出了实验测试结果。     

CCD激光自准直旋转靶标轴系跳动测量系统

在检测光电测量设备的跟踪和测量精度时,动态旋转靶标能够给出空间角度的真值,而靶标轴系的跳动是影响靶标测量精度的重要因素.本文提出用 CCD 激光自准直非接触测量系统测量动态靶标轴系跳动的新方法.用面阵 CCD 采集靶标轴系跳动的视频信号,计算机对视频信号进行处理得到脱靶量数据,由此即可算出靶标轴系跳动量.实验结果表明:当靶标旋转轴以10°/s 速度旋转时,方位最大跳动量为4.80″,高低最大跳动量为3.98″,靶标轴系的旋转精度能够满足要求.     

利用Matlab开发平台的炉膛火焰图像温度检测方法

介绍了目前炉膛火焰检测系统的技术特性及用于火焰检测的数字图像处理技术。通过对炉膛火焰温度的CCD数字图像检测方法可行性的分析，设计了用于监测炉膛温度面分布的试验系统；通过火焰图像象素RGB值与温度的对应关系，建立了火焰图像的温度场曲线，通过原理性试验初步验证了该技术的可行性。     

基于图像配准技术的二维平台位置参数视觉测量

提出一种基于图像配准技术测量移动平台二维平移、旋转等参数的视觉测量方法．固定基准图和镜头,使CCD随平台在基准图的像平面内移动或旋转,再由图像配准技术对当前CCD接收到的图像在整个像平面内的位置进行定位,从而可实现微位移平台位置参数的测量．对基准图进行分块设计,并且对每一分块进行二进制编码．如果保证至少有一分块落到CCD成像区域内．实验结果表明系统的位移测量精度可达到亚微米级．     

基于CCD的滤棒直径检测传感器

介绍了一种基于CCD的滤棒直径检测传感器装置,给出了该装置的系统组成框图及信号流程图及程序流程图。该装置结构简单,维护方便,使用寿命长,不易受环境影响,工作时无任何噪声等优点,可广泛应用于KDF2、KDF3等烟用滤棒成型机。     

CCD和CMOS图像传感器的异同剖析

不管是在静止图像还是在运动图像领域,所采用的图像传感器不外乎CCD和CMOS两种,文章首先介绍了两种传感器的工艺结构和工作特点,然后给出了二者在制造工艺及性能参数等方面的主要差异,其中对两种传感器光敏单元的作用和能否实现片上系统方面作了重点强调。     

CCD传感器的跑偏检测应用研究

针对自动化生产流水线上的卷绕系统跑偏问题,介绍了一种基于线阵CCD传感器的跑偏检测系统。CCD图像传感器作为位置传感器来检测带材边缘位置量,将实时检测位置量与工艺设定的基准位置量相比较得出偏差,进而完成了带材跑偏的实时检测功能。     

CMOS图像传感器的消噪技术

目的　介绍 CMOS图像传感器的消噪技术 .方法　比较了 CMOS图像传感器与CCD图像传感器的优缺点 ,分析了 CMOS图像传感器消噪技术的方法 ,介绍了其研制现状及发展趋势 .结果　目前采用的消噪技术有效地降低了噪声 ,提高了信噪比 .结论　预见了CMOS图像传感器消噪技术的发展趋势 .     

CCD传感器噪声对遥感影像无损压缩的影响

为分析CCD传感器噪声对遥感影像无损压缩的影响,选取ISO/IEC标准图像和UK-DMC多光谱影像作为测试图像,根据CCD传感器噪声模型,在测试图像上添加CCD传感器模拟噪声,采用JPEG2000-Lossless无损压缩算法对不同污染程度的噪声图像进行压缩处理,并对不同污染程度的噪声影像无损压缩比进行比较分析.而后,在多光谱遥感影像上添加模拟的混合噪声,分析CCD噪声对星地间数据传输效率的影响.实验结果表明,CCD传感器噪声对所获取影像的污染会降低遥感影像的无损压缩比和星地间数据传输效率,以泊松噪声为模型的散粒噪声与读出噪声对影像无损压缩的影响最大,以高斯噪声为模型的热噪声与暗电流噪声的影响次之,由于CCD器件工艺问题引发的脉冲噪声对无损压缩的影响最小.     

Standard gas addition: a calibration method for handling temporal drifts of mass spectrometry-based sensors

This work describes a new method for the correction of signal drift of a MS-based sensor by standard gas addition (SGA). It consists of introducing a gaseous He-Xe mixture continuously and independently of the carrier gas into the mass spectrometer source. To mimic the disturbances generated by periodical tuning of the mass detector, three series of adjustments were made to the main acquisition parameters. The influence of the SGA signal correction on the discriminating power of the data was evaluated from the analysis of three batches of cheeses by dynamic headspace coupled to mass spectrometry. SGA afforded a good correction of the main types of drift classically observed in mass spectrometry.     

New calibration technique for microwave moisture sensors

A new calibration technique was developed for implementation with microwave moisture sensors. The calibration permittivity function used for this purpose allows computation of moisture content in granular materials with significant differences in shape, dimensions, and composition, independent of bulk density and with temperature compensation. A 3D representation is used to plot the calibration permittivity function as it depends on temperature and moisture content in wheat and corn. For each material, data points form a plane surface. These planes have nearly the same coefficients, which can be utilized for the development of a “universal” calibration method for moisture sensing in natural and manufactured granular materials. Foundations of the method are discussed based on results obtained for wheat and corn over a wide temperature range and at moisture contents of practical interest     

Optoacoustic methods for frequency calibration of ultrasonic sensors

The frequency response of ultrasonic detectors is commonly calibrated by finding their sensitivity to incident plane waves at discrete frequencies. For certain applications, such as the emerging field of optoacoustic tomography, it is the response to point sources emitting broadband spectra that needs to be found instead. Although these two distinct sensitivity characteristics are interchangeable in the case of a flat detector and a point source at infinity, it is not the case for detectors with size considerably larger than the acoustic wavelength of interest or those having a focused aperture. Such geometries, which are common in optoacoustics, require direct calibration of the acoustic detector using a point source placed in the relevant position. In this paper, we report on novel cross-validating optoacoustic methods for measuring the frequency response of wideband acoustic sensors. The approach developed does not require pre-calibrated hydrophones and therefore can be readily adopted in any existing optoacoustic measurement configuration. The methods are successfully confirmed experimentally by measuring the frequency response of a common piezoelectric detector having a cylindrically focused shape.     

一种运用倾角传感器的阵形修正算法

垂直水听器阵在实际海洋环境中通常呈现出一定的倾斜状态,各阵元之间存在水平相对位移,对其性能带来很大影响.为了消除阵倾斜带来的影响,提出了一种运用倾角传感器进行阵形修正的算法.具体实现步骤为,首先用多个倾角传感器测得垂直阵上不同位置的倾角,然后通过求解线性方程组以及傅里叶级数分解的方法,利用倾角数据拟合出阵形的函数曲线,...     

The calibration of gradient heat flux sensors

Test benches for calibrating heat flux sensors at temperatures of 500–1000 K are described, and the results of such calibrations are presented.     

Spectrally reconfigurable pixels for dual-color-mode imaging sensors

The use of full color-sensitive photodetectors with three electrically tunable spectral responses allows the design of sensors that can be real-time reconfigured for different color acquisition modes. All the (physically identical) pixels can be biased in the same way, each giving the same set of RGB spectral responses: in this situation the conversion from the sensor color space to a reference color space can be implemented as usual, giving typical color errors ΔE(a,b) in the order of 2-3. Alternatively, pixels can be biased in two different ways (e.g., row by row), forming pairs: by joining the information from adjacent pixels, the sensor has six spectral responses, with a reduced resolution. By exploiting this plurality of spectral responses, color reproduction accuracy can be increased. In this work, an improved design of the Transverse Field Detector, a filterless and tunable three-color pixel, is used as the experimental device to propose a dual-color-mode reconfigurable sensor.     

Digital electro-optical imaging sensors

A key source of digital images is the electro-optical imaging sensor. The basic characteristic that identifies a digital electro-optical sensor is conversion of reflected or emitted light from a scene or object into a digital image signal. Examples include television cameras with digital output, and scanning or staring cameras with digital output. We describe general system design techniques to derive optimum imaging sensor specifications, and we offer examples for two applications. One example application is for terrestrial thermal imaging of nearby objects, such as vehicles. The other example is a sensor to create a color image of small targets in low-light, such as an automobile license plate from a distance of several meters.©1993 John Wiley & Sons Inc     

Linearization of calibration characteristics of capacitance pressure sensors

The nonlinearity of the calibration characteristics of capacitance pressure sensors and the approximation of these characteristics by means of various analytic functions are considered. The resulting approximation errors are estimated. A method and algorithm for digital linearization of the calibration characteristic of a sensor with the use of a cubic spline are proposed.     

Minimizing data collection for field calibration of steady-state virtual sensors for HVAC equipment

The paper presents an algorithm to minimize the amount of data collection for calibration of steady-state virtual sensors when obtained during normal operation of HVAC equipment in the field. If virtual sensors were calibrated using laboratory data, the amount of the calibration data could be minimized using design of experiment techniques. However, these techniques are not applicable to data from field operating equipment since most of the operating conditions are not controllable (e.g., ambient temperature, loads). In this paper, an algorithm to minimize the data collection period for calibration of steady-state virtual sensors is developed based on sensor accuracy, reliability and applicability. Application of the method is demonstrated for calibration of hourly electricity consumption virtual sensors for 3 packaged air conditioners that are serving a small commercial building, and the method terminated the calibration process after about 3 weeks of data collection for all units with very accurate estimates of electricity consumption.