Network Topology and Locational Market Power

This paper studies the effect of network topology and production constraints on the locational market power of generators. A market power spectrum is considered where one end has infinitely large production capacity but the usual network constraints while the other end has infinitely large network capacity but the usual production constraints. First, we analyze the locational market power function mathematically. Then, we use a real world example of the Portland, Oregon electrical market and determine its position on the market power spectrum. We find the Portland market to be primarily production constrained rather than network constrained. We also identify the local and global threshold generation capacities for each generator beyond which it cannot influence the individual and total locational market power, respectively. This study facilitates the understanding of the economic and physical determinants of locational market power. It can help regulators make informed decisions when it comes to the choice of enhancing the physical infrastructure, or adding more generation capacity to the market.     

模糊神经网络在电力市场短期负荷预测中的应用

在电力市场下的短期负荷预测问题中,考虑到天气和其它影响因素,将模糊系统与神经网络在负荷预测系统中按串联方式连接组成模糊神经网络(FNN),进行短期负荷预测.在负荷预测过程中,首先对负荷、天气、日期等数据进行模糊化处理,然后采用两种典型有效的改进BP算法对神经网络进行训练,并比较其速度与精度等.最后用训练好的网络进行预测,将预测结果与实际数据进行比较,证明其具有较好的预测效果.     

模糊神经网络在电力市场短期负荷预测中的应用

在电力市场下的短期负荷预测问题中，考虑到天气和其它影响因素，将模糊系统与神经网络在负荷预测系统中按串联方式连接组成模糊神经网络（FNN），进行短期负荷预测。在负荷预测过程中，首先对负荷、天气、日期等数据进行模糊化处理，然后采用两种典型有效的改进BP算法对神经网络进行训练，并比较其速度与精度等。最后用训练好的网络进行预测，将预测结果与实际数据进行比较，证明其具有较好的预测效果。     

How to Mitigate Signal Dragging during Wardriving

In wardriving, test devices in moving vehicles measure received signal strengths (RSSs) from nearby base stations (BSs) and record them with location information, which is a key component in localization technologies. In this article, the authors analyze the wardriving data in real WCDMA, GSM, and Wi-Fi networks and describe how signal dragging degrades their performance. They also propose three methods for postprocessing wardriving data to filter out any outdated BS information, thereby mitigating this effect.     

WCDMA网络的多载波扩容方案

虽然在3G建网初期，主要侧重于解决网络覆盖问题．但从网络规划和设备选型的角度，仍然有必要考虑未来网络容量的演进方式。因为只有在起步阶段就充分考虑WCDMA的技术特性．确定合理的网络构架和建设方向．今后在竞争日益激烈的无线市场上，才能实现确保网络性能和降     

神经网络方法求解Gabor展开系数

在离散序列的Ｇａｂｏｒ展式的统一框架下，对周期（或有限）的离散信号在特征抽样情况下的Ｇａｂｏｒ系数用神经网络进行求解，本文构造了神经网络模型，给出了两种实现算法，模拟实验结果说明该方法是有效的。     

The Effect of Faults on Network Expansion

We study the problem of how resilient networks are to node faults. Specifically, we investigate the question of how many faults a network can sustain and still contain a large (i.e., linear-sized) connected component with approximately the same expansion as the original fault-free network. We use a pruning technique that culls away those parts of the faulty network that have poor expansion. The faults may occur at random or be caused by an adversary. Our techniques apply in either case. In the adversarial setting we prove that for every network with expansion a large connected component with basically the same expansion as the original network exists for up to a constant times faults. We show this result is tight in the sense that every graph G of size n and uniform expansion can be broken into components of size o(n) with faults. Unlike the adversarial case, the expansion of a graph gives a very weak bound on its resilience to random faults. While it is the case, as before, that there are networks of uniform expansion that are not resilient against a fault probability of a constant times it is also observed that there are networks of uniform expansion that are resilient against a constant fault probability. Thus, we introduce a different parameter, called the span of a graph, which gives us a more precise handle on the maximum fault probability. We use the span to show the first known results for the effect of random faults on the expansion of d-dimensional meshes.     

Reliable Intermodal Freight Network Expansion with Demand Uncertainties and Network Disruptions

This paper develops a robust Mixed-Integer Linear Program (MILP) to assist railroad operators with intermodal network expansion decisions. Specifically, the objective of the model is to identify critical rail links to retrofit, locations to establish new terminals, and existing terminals to expand, where the intermodal freight network is subject to demand and supply uncertainties. Additional considerations by the model include a finite overall budget for investment, limited capacities on network links and at intermodal terminals, and time window constraints for shipments. A hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed to solve the proposed MILP. It utilizes a column generation algorithm to solve the freight flow assignment problem and a multi-modal shortest path label-setting algorithm to solve the pricing sub-problems. An exact exhaustive enumeration method is used to validate the GA results. Experimental results indicate that the developed algorithm is capable of producing optimal solutions efficiently for small-sized intermodal freight networks. The impact of uncertainty on network configuration is discussed for a larger-sized case study.     

一种模拟退火小波网络的电力变压器故障诊断

关于电力变压器是电力系统的主要设备,变压器故障是危及电网安全的主要因素.在传统的故障诊断方法中,存在着易陷入局部最小和对初值依赖性较高的缺陷.根据油中溶解气体的故障诊断技术,为了准确及时检测电力变压器故障,提出对油中溶解的气体(H2,CH14,C2H2,C2H4,C2H6等)采用小波神经网络模型进行分析,对电力变压器进行故障诊断,同时引入了模拟退火算法对模型进行了结构和参数的优化,加快了训练收敛速度,避免了陷入局部极小值.进行仿真,结果表明了改进方法的有效性.     

Learning How Organizations Mitigate Risk

Over time, more and more organizations, whose technical and industrial activities are capable of causing perceptible adverse public effects, feel pressure from their external environment to greatly reduce the incidence of errors or failure. This paper describes the first phase of research designed to extend the HRO findings and approaches to studying organizations that are not yet experiencing similar pressures, but may soon be. Preliminary work supports four hypotheses that were generated by literature on resource dependency which was developed and applied to the marine industry. Future research will extend observations further, ultimately returning to such primary issues of the original research as decision making, culture, adaptation to technology and structure, but applying these issues to a wider variety of cases, outcomes and approaches.     

A Multiobjective Evolutionary Programming Algorithm and Its Applications to Power Generation Expansion Planning

The generation expansion planning (GEP) problem is defined as the problem of determining WHAT, WHEN, and WHERE new generation units should be installed over a planning horizon to satisfy the expected energy demand. This paper presents a framework to determine the number of new generating units (e.g., conventional steam units, coal units, combined cycle modules, nuclear plants, gas turbines, wind farms, and geothermal and hydro units), power generation capacity for those units, number of new circuits on the network, the voltage phase angle at each node, and the amount of required imported fuel for a single-period generation expansion plan. The resulting mathematical program is a mixed-integer bilinear multiobjective GEP model. The proposed framework includes a multiobjective evolutionary programming algorithm to obtain an approximation of the Pareto front for the multiobjective optimization problem and analytical hierarchy process to select the best alternative. A Mexican power system case study is utilized to illustrate the proposed framework. Results show coherent decisions given the objectives and scenarios considered. Some sensitivity analysis is presented when considering different fuel price scenarios.      

面向Web应用的网络数据库营销

论述了网络数据库营销的基本特点、手段、方法和功能 ,分析了网络数据库组成的基本要求 ,从而说明其在营销决策和战略发展方面的重要地位。     

网络时代拓展高校图书馆学习空间的思考

随着网络时代的到来,到图书馆的到访读者非减而增,阅览座位需求缺口极大。为此,笔者走访调查,根据高校图书馆学习空间现状,研究网络时代如何拓展高校图书馆学习空间,从图书馆规划设计、利用网络优势建立自动化系统、加强读者自律等方面进行探讨,大胆创新图书馆阅览室管理模式,提高阅览室利用效率和服务质量。为拓展高校图书馆学习空间探索新途径。     

校园网改造扩容项目技术研究

介绍绍兴托普信息职业技术学院网络扩容和改造方面的技术研究,说明在网络扩容和改造过程中的可实施性、安全性等方面的问题.对同类高职院校进行网络改造、扩容和维护过程中有很好的实践参考价值.     

正向隔离装置在电力信息外网中的应用

基于南瑞SysKeeper-2000正向隔离装置,主要研究了正向安全隔离装置在采用物理隔离的电力信息网络中的应用,并在此基础上,结合电力系统网络实际提出了电力信息外网建设的信息安全部署和应用方案。     

传统市场与网络市场跨界融合研究

随着网民规模的不断扩大,跨界融合的特征已经在多个方面有所显现。从媒介共存、用户观看习惯、电子商务和整合营销等方面分析了传统市场和网络市场融合的必要性,对传统电视台、传统实体销售渠道和广告主布局在线业务提出了建议,论述了传统市场与互联网市场应跨界融合、共同发展。     

家庭网络市场及其发展特点

目前，固网运营商所面临的普遍问题是固定电话用户数增长缓慢、固定通信ARPU持续下降、数据业务收入增长不足。同样，移动运营商也面临利润摊薄、市场后劲有待增强的挑战。基于数字化、多媒体、移动性、宽带、实时互动等功能的家庭网络．由于能够提供信息、通信、办公、娱乐、教育与保健等多样化和个性化的综合服务．将给电信运营商带来新的机遇。     

Using Adaptive Circuits to Mitigate Process Variations in a Microprocessor Design

With each successive technology generation, process and environmental variations consume an increasingly large portion of the design envelope. To mitigate the impact of these variations, designs can incorporate adaptive techniques to reduce the impact. At the core of adaptability is the fundamental idea that each piece of silicon is different and will respond differently to stimuli. This poses a significant challenge in testing the product because testing relies on all parts behaving in a predictable manner every time they are tested. This article details adaptive techniques used on a dual-core, 90-nm Itanium microprocessor, and the issues and limitations encountered when testing this design.     

网络视频监控市场的现状及发展

视频监控技术经历了模拟视频监视、基于PC的多媒体监控和基于Web服务器的网络视频监控三个发展阶段，目前的市场是三种监控技术并存。     

基于实测电厂出力的电力市场出清算法

提出了一种基于实测电厂出力的电力市场出清算法,按发电机组的实际报价作为分段标准,对日负荷曲线进行分段,顺序安排基荷段和腰峰荷段的机组出力,求解得到初始总购电费用,再以水电机组的出力性质进行约束,最小化总购电费用求解得到最优的发电机组组合方案,算例应用结果充分证明了该算法的合理性和经济性.