仿生机器鱼运动学模型优化与实验

以仿生学为基础的机器鱼是一种新型水下机器人,具有高速、高效、节能等方面优势。为进一步探索仿生机器鱼的运动机理,指出了当前仿生机器鱼运动学模型存在的不足,即未考虑因制造、鱼体结构的影响,而产生的头部左右摆动。故在考虑仿生机器鱼头部摆动的情况下,构建头部摆动方程,引入摆动偏移量,修正其运动学模型。利用MATLAB对模型进行优化,分析结果表明修正后的运动学模型更能够描述实体仿生机器鱼的游动特性。最后,将修正后的运动学模型,运用到三关节仿生机器鱼上进行实验,结果表明,该模型能够有效地抑制仿生机器鱼头部摆动,进而提高了仿生机器鱼的游动速度。     

一种2自由度胸鳍推进机构设计与动力学分析

以箱鲀为仿生对象,设计了一种两侧胸鳍对称布置,单侧2自由度胸鳍能够实现摇翼运动、前后拍翼运动以及两者复合运动的仿生机器鱼,建立了其利用"划水模式"推进的水动力学模型,通过数值方法给出了胸鳍摆动周期、幅值以及初始角的变化与直线游动速度之间的关系,实验结果验证了其有效性.在此基础上,确定了所设计仿生机器鱼采用"划水模式"推进时的直线游动模态.研究结果表明,胸鳍"划水模式"推进的仿生机器鱼具有较高的效率和运动速度.     

仿生机器鱼的动力学仿真

仿生机器鱼的研究受到各国越来越多的研究工作者的重视,并取得了一定的成果.本文着重研究了仿生机器鱼的尾鳍的动力学并建立了仿生机器鱼的运动模型,并对该模型进行了计算机仿真,研究探索了仿生机器鱼的前进速度与尾鳍摆角、摆动频率、摆动幅度之间的关系.     

形状记忆合金驱动仿生蝠鲼机器鱼的设计

研究了一种采用鳐科模式游动、柔性胸鳍摆动方式推进的形状记忆合金（SMA）丝驱动型仿生蝠鲼机 器鱼．首先,对双吻前口蝠鲼游动动作进行了分析,建立了蝠鲼胸鳍柔性摆动的简化运动模型．然后对能够模仿蝠 鲼肌肉动作的智能材料进行了分析．最后设计了SMA 丝驱动的柔性仿生胸鳍和仿生蝠鲼机器鱼,并分析了SMA 丝 的热力学特性,确定了控制规律．该机器鱼外形与双吻前口蝠鲼外形相似,身体呈现扁平形状,有一对三角形的柔 性仿生胸鳍,直线游动速度达到79 mm/s,最小转弯半径为118 mm．该机器鱼游动稳定性好,无噪声．     

胸鳍摆动推进仿生鱼的设计及水动力实验

为实现胸鳍摆动推进模式鱼类的游动,模仿牛鼻鲼构建了仿生鱼.首先,基于摆动胸鳍的生物学特征和运动规律,提出了具有主/被动复合柔性变形能力的仿生胸鳍原理模型.然后通过ADAMS运动学仿真验证了设计方案的可行性,并构建仿生样机.自由游动实验表明,仿生鱼游速可达0.46m/s,约1倍身长比,且具有原地转弯能力,最大转弯速度达60?/s.与国内外其他同类机器鱼相比,在游速和机动性方面均表现出明显的优势.基于准稳态叶素理论,提出了仿生胸鳍水动力简化计算模型.构建水动力实验平台,验证了计算模型的有效性,并通过一系列水动力实验研究了仿生胸鳍的水动力特性.实验结果表明,仿生胸鳍能够产生周期性变化的推、升力,且变化趋势与胸鳍运动控制参数密切相关.     

基于CFD的仿鲹科机器鱼动力学建模与运动控制

仿生机器鱼的运动控制是仿生机器鱼推广应用的基础;然而,仿鲹科机器鱼的推进一般采用鱼体波数据,很少采用真实鱼类游动数据;为了深入探究仿鲹科机器鱼运动控制方法,采用了计算流体力学方法,通过标定流体介质、来流速度、鱼体几何形状等措施,利用Fluent软件进行了建模,然后针对鱼体波数据和真实金枪鱼游动采样数据两种不同推进数据对仿生机器鱼进行了仿真和实验;结果表明对于多关节仿生机器鱼推进方面,真实金枪鱼游动采样数据相较于常见的鱼体波产生的推进数据,在躯干进行大幅值摆动的情况下效果更好;这一仿真和实验对比为仿鲹科机器鱼的高效运动控制提供了一种新思路。     

仿生机器鱼研究的进展与分析

介绍了仿生机器鱼具有效率高、机动性好、噪音低、对环境扰动小的特点和几种分类方法, 以及国内外在鱼类推进机理和仿生机器鱼研制方面的成果和现状, 在此基础上分析了机器鱼研究的主要内容: 鱼类推进理论模型、仿生机器鱼机械结构、仿生机器鱼游动的推进速度、运动方程、Q效率、Q功率等方面的客观规律, 特别是其控制性能和相关技术问题.     

一种基于视觉的仿生机器鱼实时避障综合方法

提出了一种基于视觉的仿生机器鱼实时避障综合方法,该方法基于HIS颜色模型,利用MMX指令和SSE指令,采用并行处理算法实现图像的快速处理;然后,基于栅格法建立环境模型,利用势场法获得优化路径规划策略,在此基础上,采用模糊方法对机器鱼的运动方向进行控制,利用速度分布函数对机器鱼的运动速度进行控制,实验结果表明了所提方法的有效性和可达性。     

仿鲹科机器鱼的倒退游动控制

给出了一种新型的仿鲹科机器鱼倒退游动控制方法. 在已有多关节仿鲹科机器鱼的基础上, 仿照欧洲鳗鱼的倒退运动机理, 修正机器鱼尾部关节的摆动规律, 进而实现倒游运动. 给出鲹科机器鱼游动的定性分析, 用于分析仿鲹科机器鱼推进机理和倒退游动的方法. 组合其他运动, 实现倒退游动、倒游中转弯等运动. 通过实验, 给出了机器鱼摆动频率和倒退运动速度之间的关系, 验证了本文所提方法的有效性.     

基于二阶一致性算法的多仿生机器鱼分布式编队控制

针对动态领航者按照自身动力学模型运动, 多个跟随者机器鱼以其为编队参考点, 根据编队要求形成队形并整体跟随领航者运动的问题, 提出一种多仿生机器鱼分布式编队控制方案. 首先, 基于二阶一致性算法给出各跟随者机器鱼估计领航者位姿信息的分布式算法;其次,给出以领航者为参考点的多仿生机器鱼编队描述方法,进而各机器鱼根据编队要求以所估得的参考点信息实时确定其在编队中的期望位姿; 再次, 各跟随者机器鱼以期望速度和角速度以及所估得的领航者位姿信息为输入, 利用模糊控制器确定其速度档位和方向档位, 实现编队的形成与保持. 仿真和实验结果均表明, 所提分布式编队控制方法是有效的, 仿生机器鱼群体能够较快形成期望队形并跟随领航者游动.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.