基于折衷型变权向量的直觉语言决策方法

研究一种基于折衷型变权向量的直觉语言决策方法. 首先, 定义折衷型变权向量, 提出与之对应的状态变权向量; 其次, 研究利用马氏效用函数诱导出折衷型变权向量; 再次, 定义直觉语言变量运算法则和大小比较方法, 提出直觉语言信息变权加权平均算子和直觉语言信息变权加权几何平均算子, 进而提出一种初始属性权重确定且属性值以直觉语言形式给出的多属性决策方法; 最后, 通过实例表明了所提出方法的有效性和合理性.

     

基于变权理论的装备维修人员能力评估模型

针对常权模糊综合评判在对装备维修人员保障能力评估时带来的"状态失衡"的问题,运用变权原理,提出了一种基于惩罚与激励的局部状态变权模型,对装备维修人员的保障能力进行了变权模糊综合评判.通过编程实现模型提出的算法,运用实例分析对模型进行了验证,并与常权模糊综合评判的结果进行了比较,得出变权模糊综合评判更能反映出装备维修人员保障能力实际的结论.     

平滑变权缓冲算子构造及其性质

针对变权缓冲算子信息利用不充分以及权重选择问题, 提出一类新的平滑变权缓冲算子. 研究了该缓冲算子的性质, 证明了平滑变权缓冲算子对序列具有弱化作用并能够提升序列光滑性, 得出了平滑变权缓冲算子调节度的递推不等式; 通过多目标优化方法来确定可变权重取值, 构造可变权重的优化目标函数, 并结合遗传算法来确定权重的最优取值. 实例分析表明, 所提出的平滑变权缓冲算子能够有效提高建模精度.

     

变权无参考视频质量评价模型研究

传输信道失真是导致视频图像质量损失的重要原因,而不需要任何附加传输信息的无参考客观评价是监测视频传输质量受损的主要方法.为了提高无参考客观评价模型的准确性和效率,提出模拟人类视觉特性的变权评价模型.变权评价模型综合考虑视频的空域和时域两类质量指标,引入运动强度来量化视频内容中的运动变化程度,根据统计学习的非线性回归法建立变权控制函数;通过变权控制函数动态调整清晰度和平滑度权值来模仿人类视觉特性.实验结果表明该变权评价模型与主观评价符合度高,优于现有评价方案.     

变权决策中变权效果分析与状态变权向量的确定

引入状态变权向量调节度和标准调节度以及调权水平的概念，为分析状态变权向量调节权重的能力提供了可量化的工具．利用标准调节度讨论了选择状态变权向量的一些基本原则和理论依据，并由调权水平给出了一种选择状态变权向量的可操作性方法．     

基于变权关联分析法的电力营销目标市场云评价

考虑到常权对电力营销目标市场评价的影响,提出了一种基于变权关联分析法的电力营销目标市场云评价方法。首先建立适当的电力营销目标市场的指标体系,然后用灰色关联分析法获得各指标的权重,接着采用变权法获得各指标变权权重,最后采用变权权重进行云模型综合评价,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

一个具有可调变权能力的变权向量

依据变权向量的定义构造一个带参数的变权向量,并证明了变权向量与状态变权向量的关系定理;通过引入变权向量的相对调节度概念,求出了所构造的变权向量的相对调节度,并分析了其变权效果.最后运用该变权向量求解一个算例,所得结果表明,该变权向量不但具有较强的变权能力,而且其变权能力将随参数取值的改变而变化.     

基于变权威胁评估的无人机安全飞行区域确定方法

针对复杂战场环境下确定无人机安全飞行区域的过程中面对的复杂性和不确定性问题,本文提出了一种基于变权理论和马尔可夫模型的无人机安全飞行区域确定方法.根据无人机相对于威胁区域距离的不同,引入变权理论对威胁指标权值进行调整,完成综合威胁大小计算.然后,利用马尔可夫模型对无人机飞行过程中受到的潜在威胁进行预测.接着,使用模糊评...     

基于变精度粗糙集与变权综合的多属性决策

针对多属性决策,提出一种基于变精度粗糙集的多属性决策方法,提出基于属性依赖度和信息度来确定属性重要性,并且与变权综合结合,从而得到属性的权重。通过实例说明该方法是有效的。     

变权缓冲算子及其作用强度的研究

针对传统缓冲算子不能实现作用强度的微调,从而导致缓冲作用效果过强或过弱的问题,构造了变权弱化缓冲算子和变权强化缓冲算子．研究了缓冲算子调节度与可变权重之间的关系,并用遗传算法探讨该类缓冲算子的优化问题．研究结果表明,可变权重在功能上类似于高阶作用算子,但控制缓冲算子作用强度的灵活性则明显优于高阶缓冲算子．最后以我国能源消费总量的预测问题为例,验证了变权缓冲算子的有效性和优越性．

     

A user study of accessing web applications via voice cellular phone: a model comparison approach

Although most users currently receive web services from web browser interfaces, pervasive computing is emerging and offering new ways of accessing Internet applications from any device, any time and anywhere. It is not only a technological change, but a philosophical and psychological one. Our research project investigated the theoretical concepts of pervasive computing as well as their practical applications, by using cellular phones as the pervasive device to access a web application prototype, the voice-enabled web system (VWS), through the voice user interface technology. The acceptance rate of consumers on new pervasive interfaces was studied using factors (including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and fun) adapted from technology acceptance theories. Although our empirical findings were in general consistent with the findings from several prior studies on various information technologies, there were still some discrepancies. Our overall research results, including the implications derived from the user study, may be useful for the purpose of designing and developing successful business applications based on VWS.     

A multi-agent approach to process planning and fabrication in distributed manufacturing

In the paper a multi-agent approach to the development of a distributed manufacturing architecture is presented. An essential building block introduced here is the virtual work system (VWS) which represents a manufacturing work system in the information space. The VWS is structured as an autonomous agent and is a constituent entity of an agent network. In the network dynamic clusters of cooperating agents are solving manufacturing tasks. A machining work system and its VWS is demonstrated in a case study. Its role in the agent communication network is discussed in a process planning and fabrication domain.     

A semi-automated method to create a lidar-based hydro-flattened DEM

The response of water surfaces to light detection and ranging (lidar) pulses is unpredictable, which results in sparse lidar point density with varying intensity values. Due to the sparseness of the point cloud and lack of natural breaklines, lidar-derived digital elevation model (DEM) can produce unnatural surface over waterbodies. Such surfaces are not cartographically pleasing and can cause issues in the hydrologic and hydraulic modelling of a river. Hydro-flattening is the process of creating a lidar-derived DEM in which water surfaces appear and behave as they would in traditional topographic DEMs generated from photogrammetric digital terrain models. Hydro-flattened DEMs, created using lidar data, exclude the lidar points over waterbodies and include three-dimensional (3D) bank shorelines. In this article, a semi-automated method is presented for extracting bank shorelines for the purpose of creating lidar-derived hydro-flatten DEMs. Lidar point cloud and an approximate stream centreline are the primary data for this process. In the first step, a continuous bare ground surface (CBGS) is created by eliminating non-ground lidar points and by adding artificial underwater points. In the second step, the lowest elevation from the lidar point cloud within a radius distance from the river centreline is used to create a virtual water surface (VWS). This VWS is revised to consider water surface undulations such as ripples or waves, protruding underwater objects, etc. The revised VWS is then intersected with the CBGS to locate the two-dimensional (2D) bank shorelines. The 2D shorelines are assigned the elevations of the VWS and are used to produce a hydro-flattened DEM. The planimetric absolute mean separation of 0.94, 0.69, and 0.63 m for the three water surfaces is observed between the bank shoreline extracted using raw lidar points and a GPS (global positioning system) survey. The mean separation using vendor classified lidar points is 0.74, 0.67, and 0.64 m which are very similar to those using raw lidar.     

Problems for a Philosophy of Software Engineering

On the basis of an earlier contribution to the philosophy of computer science by Amnon Eden, this essay discusses to what extent Eden’s ‘paradigms’ of computer science can be transferred or applied to software engineering. This discussion implies an analysis of how software engineering and computer science are related to each other. The essay concludes that software engineering can neither be fully subsumed by computer science, nor vice versa. Consequently, also the philosophies of computer science and software engineering—though related to each other—are not identical branches of a general philosophy of science. This also implies that not all of Eden’s earlier arguments can be directly mapped from the domain of computer science into the domain of software science. After the discussion of this main topic, the essay also points to some further problems and open issues for future studies in the philosophy of software science and engineering.     

教育数据挖掘研究进展综述

教育数据挖掘(educational data mining,简称EDM)技术运用教育学、计算机科学、心理学和统计学等多个学科的理论和技术来解决教育研究与教学实践中的问题.在大数据时代背景下,EDM研究将迎来新的转折点.为方便读者了解EDM的研究进展或从事相关研究和实践,首先介绍EDM研究的概貌、特点和发展历程,然后重点介绍和分析了EDM近年来的研究成果.在成果介绍部分,选取的研究成果大部分发表于2013年以后,包括以往较少涉及的几种新型教育技术.在成果分析部分,对近年来的典型案例作了分类、统计和对比分析,对EDM研究的特点、不足及发展趋势进行了归纳和预测.最后讨论了大数据时代下EDM面临的机遇和挑战.     

Cognitive mechanism related to line drawings and its applications in intelligent process of visual media: a survey

Line drawings, as a concise form, can be recognized by infants and even chimpanzees. Recently, how the visual system processes line-drawings attracts more and more attention from psychology, cognitive science and computer science. The neuroscientific studies revealed that line drawings generate similar neural actions as color photographs, which give insights on how to efficiently process big media data. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on line drawing studies, including cognitive mechanism of visual perception, computational models in computer vision and intelligent process in diverse media applications. Major debates, challenges and solutions that have been addressed over the years are discussed. Finally some of the ensuing challenges in line drawing studies are outlined.     

Software Science and Cognitive Psychology

Halstead proposed a methodology for studying the process of programming known as software science. This methodology merges theories from cognitive psychology with theories from computer science. There is evidence that some of the assumptions of software science incorrectly apply the results of cognitive psychology studies. HAlstead proposed theories relative to human memory models that appear to be without support from psychologists. Other software scientists, however, report empirical evidence that may support some of those theories. This anomaly places aspects of software science in a precarious position. The three conflicting issues discussed in this paper are 1) limitations of short-term memory and number of sub-routine parameters, 2) searches in human memory and programming effort, and 3) psychological time and programming time.     

从现代信息科技发展看自动化学科的使命和发展趋势

该文从信息科学全局发展的角度论述自动化学科的作用及其在信息时代的重要地位. 具体介绍国内外自动化科技的发展、社会影响和面临的挑战,以及专家们提出的对策意见.针对我国特点提出了若干关于发展方向和政策的建议.     

Science education as a field of research

Abstract:

This paper begins by raising some questions about the purpose and scope of research in science education, followed by a commentary on the questions that have occupied the attention of most researchers in science education in recent years. The final section of the paper offers an opinion of some current strengths and weakness of science education as a field of research. The paper argues for a more generous interpretation of what constitutes research in science education and suggests that much remains to be done if the outcomes of such research are to influence policy and practice in science education.     

Studying lifeworlds of science learning: A longitudinal study of changing ideas,contexts, and personal orientations in science learning

Abstract

This article presents results from a long‐term study of science learning that began with 6 children during their Grade 5 study of the topic light and has now followed the original participants for 18 years. This report features details of the story of 1 participant, Donnie, and provides information on the approach to the larger program of research. The research takes three main thrusts: First, it studies how concepts in science, in this case, light, are developed over a lifetime of learning. Second, it studies the nature of the experience of science learning in school and now into the adult lives of participants. Third, the research seeks to understand the nature of changes in personal orientations to science learning over the years, from elementary education to adult life, a construct developed in the original case studies to describe features of each individual's approach to learning science (Shapiro, 1994a). Research insights highlight concept development and the importance of building self‐reflection opportunities into the curriculum and address the career and lifetime impacts of school‐science learning experience.