聚甲醛复合材料的结晶性

为了解聚甲醛复合材料的结晶特性,用转矩流变仪共混-模压成型方法制备了Ekono l/POM复合材料、Ekono l/G/M oS2/POM复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)考察了POM的结晶情况,并测定了材料的熔点、结晶温度。结果表明,Ekono l对POM多数晶面的生长有不利影响;随着Ekono l含量的增加,复合材料的结晶温度小幅升高,相对结晶度增大,然而过量Ekono l对POM结晶不利;G和M oS2对POM的结晶具有良好的促进作用。     

聚苯酯/石墨/聚甲醛复合材料的制备及摩擦学性能

为了改善聚甲醛的摩擦学性能，用模压方法制备了聚苯酯／石墨／聚甲醛(Ekonol／G／POM)复合材料，通过摩擦磨损实验方法对材料的摩擦学性能进行了研究，并用SEM对磨损表面进行了观察和分析，在此基础上探讨了复合材料的磨损机理。结果表明：用模压法制备Ekonol／G／POM复合材料是可行的；适量加入Ekonol能改善POM的摩擦磨损性能，得到自润滑性能优良的Ekonol／G／POM复合材料；Ekonol加入量的多少，直接影响着复合材料的磨损机理，随着其含量的增加。磨损机理发生由粘着磨损到疲劳磨损的转变。     

无机填料增强聚苯酯/聚四氟乙烯复合材料的力学和摩擦磨损性能

采用石墨/ 二硫化钼填充改性聚苯酯/ 聚四氟乙烯复合材料, 研究了复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。研究表明, 石墨和MoS₂ 的加入不仅能够很好地改善Ekonol/ PTFE 复合材料的力学性能, 使复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和硬度均有所提高, 而且还使Ekonol/ PTFE 复合材料的摩擦系数增加, 磨损体积减小, 耐磨性能显著提高。当Ekonol 含量为5 % , 石墨/ 二硫化钼总含量为8 %时, 拉伸强度、弯曲强度分别提高了31 %和41 % ,硬度值约提高了713 %。SEM 分析表明, Ekonol/ 石墨/ MoS₂ / PTFE 复合材料的磨损主要以粘着磨损为主。      

纤维/Ekonol/PTFE复合材料的力学与摩擦学性能研究

对比考察了碳纤维(CF)、六钛酸钾晶须(PTW)分别与聚苯酯(Ekonol)混合填充对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料的力学与摩擦学性能的影响,并探讨了内部机理.结果表明:PTW相比于传统纤维CF,尺寸细微,具有微区增强特性,PTW的填充提高了Ekonol/PTFE复合材料的致密程度,协助形成更为均匀、致密的转移膜,相比于CF/Ekonol/PTFE复合材料,有着较好的力学性能、摩擦稳定性、耐磨性,进一步改善了Ekonol/PTFE复合材料的综合性能.纤维、Ekonol混合填充PTFE,二者表现出协同润滑与减磨效应.纤维协助均匀、致密的转移膜的形成;而硬质Ekonol颗粒在纤维和对偶之间可能起到了一种第三体滚动效应,避免了纤维受到较为严重的磨损,从而提高复合材料的摩擦磨损性能.     

Mechanical and sliding wear properties of multi-layered laminates from glass fabric/graphite/epoxy composites

Multi-layered laminates of bi-directionally woven E-glass fabric/epoxy with different loading of graphite particles were made by hand layup followed by compression molding. Tensile and flexural behaviors, impact strength, hardness and density of these laminates were determined. Wear behaviors of these composites were investigated by a pin-on-disc wear test apparatus. Specific wear rates of these composites strongly depend on their filler content and applied normal loads. The hybrid composite containing 3 wt% of graphite exhibits the optimum mechanical and wear performances. A further increase in the graphite content increases the specific wear rate and deteriorates the mechanical behavior. The lowest (σ e)⁻¹ factor (the reciprocal of the product of tensile strength and elongation at break) signifies the lowest specific wear rate. The results of the morphology study of the wear test specimens support the results of the wear test.     

Role of micro/nano fillers on mechanical and tribological properties of polyamide66/polypropylene composites

The objectives of this research article is to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties of polyamide66/polypropylene (PA66/PP) blend, graphite (Gr) filled PA66/PP, nanoclay (NC) filled PA66/PP and NC plus short carbon fiber (NC + SCF) filled PA66/PP composites. All composites were fabricated using a twin screw extruder followed by injection molding. The mechanical properties such as tensile, flexure, and impact strengths were investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. The friction and sliding wear behaviour was studied under dry sliding conditions against hard steel on a pin-on-disc apparatus. Scanning electron micrographs were used to analyze the fracture morphologies. From the experimental investigation, it was found that the presence of NC and SCF fillers improved the hardness of PA66/PP blend. Further, the study reveals that the tensile and flexural strength of NC + SCF filled PA66/PP was higher than that of PA66/PP blend. Inclusion of micro and nanofillers reduced the wear rate of PA66/PP blend. The wear loss of the composites increased with increasing sliding velocity. The lowest wear rate was observed for the blend with nanoclay and SCF fillers. The wear rates of the blends with micro/nanofillers vary from 30–81% and lower than that of PA66/PP blend. The wear resistance of the PA66/PP composites was found to be related to the stability of the transfer film on the counterface. The results have been supplemented with scanning electron micrographs to help understand the possible wear mechanisms.     

颗粒/铜基复合镀层的摩擦学性能研究

研究了复合电沉积法制备的αＡｌ２Ｏ３／Ｃｕ、ＴｉＣ／Ｃｕ和ＴｉＣ＆ＣａＦ２／Ｃｕ复合材料的摩擦学性能及磨损机理。实验结果表明,颗粒的含量对磨损率表显著的影响,并且ＴｉＣ＆ＣａＦ２／Ｃｕ是一种很好的减摩、耐磨材料。另外,显微照片显示,磨粒磨损和粘着磨损在磨损过程中主导地位。     

C/C复合材料特性对其摩擦磨损性能的影响

在MM-2000环-块摩擦试验机上研究了制备工艺、石墨化度、密度、纤维取向等材料特性对其摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明，采用化学气相渗透(CVI) 浸渍工艺制备并经过多次浸渍增密且石墨化后的材料具有优良的摩擦磨损特性。石墨化后试样的密度越大，其摩擦磨损性能也越好。一般情况下在载荷适中时，垂直试样的摩擦系数要大于平行试样，而体积磨损量却小于平行试样。C／C复合材料比高强石墨材料更适宜用作航空发动机轴间密封材料。     

C/C复合材料与石墨材料干态摩擦磨损行为

在M-2000型摩擦磨损实验机上,以GCr15钢为配副,对石墨材料和C/C复合材料在干态条件下的滑动摩擦进行研究。结果表明:C/C复合材料的摩擦系数和体积磨损均比石墨材料的低。具有光滑层炭结构 (SL) 的C/C复合材料的摩擦系数和体积磨损量比具有粗糙层结构 (RL) 的C/C复合材料低;低密度石墨的摩擦系数和体积磨损量比高密度石墨材料高。随时间延长,RL结构的C/C复合材料摩擦系数在60、80、200 N时有小幅度的增长,另三种则下降; SL结构的C/C复合材料摩擦系数除60 N外基本保持平稳;石墨材料的摩擦系数随时间延长表现出增长趋势。SEM观察表明: RL结构的C/C复合材料摩擦表面随载荷增加而趋向完整,SL结构的C/C复合材料的摩擦表面随载荷增加变化不大。而高密度石墨摩擦表面比密度低的石墨完整。C/C复合材料比石墨更适宜用作航空发动机轴间密封材料。      

炭布/树脂复合摩擦材料的湿式摩擦学性能

基于炭布优异的摩擦磨损性能、 自润滑性能以及低密度等特点, 将其应用于湿式摩擦材料中, 以适应高转速、 大压力或润滑不充分等极端工况。分别以1 K、 3 K和6 K碳布为增强体, 制备出三种炭布/树脂复合摩擦材料, 研究了其湿式摩擦学性能。结果表明: 随着纤维束内单丝数量的增加, 摩擦材料的瞬时制动稳定性降低, 动摩擦系数减小, 但是耐磨性能提高。所有摩擦材料的磨损率小于1.10×10^-5 mm³/J, 表现出较好的耐磨性能, 并且对偶材料的磨损率很小, 仅为0.40×10^-5 mm³/J。磨损主要表现为纤维断裂、 拔出及树脂脱粘等形式, 但是在磨损表面没有形成大尺寸磨屑和明显的"第三体"磨粒, 导致摩擦材料和对偶材料的磨损率较小。     

不同纳米材料与石墨混合填充PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能

利用MM-200型磨损试验机考察了载荷对纳米SiO₂、TiO₂、Al₂O₃与石墨混合填充PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析磨损表面形貌及磨损机理。结果表明,纳米材料及其与石墨混合都可以不同程度地提高PTFE的耐磨性,而它们对PTFE耐磨性的提高程度各不相同,其中以纳米SiO₂-石墨填充PTFE复合材料的磨损质量损失最小,纳米Al₂O₃-石墨填充PTFE复合材料的磨损质量损失较大;填充PTFE复合材料同钢对磨时的摩擦系数表现出不同的性能,纳米SiO₂-石墨填充PTFE的摩擦系数与纯PTFE相差不大。     

Influence of CaCO3 Whisker Content on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Polyetheretherketone Composites

The mechanical and tribological properties of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites filled with CaCO3 whisker in various content of 0-45% (wt pct) were investigated. The composite specimens were prepared by compression molding. Tribological testing of composites in dry wear mode against carbon steel ring was carried out on a MM200 block-on-ring apparatus. Data on neat PEEK were also included for comparison. It was observed that inclusion of CaCO3 whisker affected the most mechanical properties and the friction and wear in a beneficial way. With an increase in CaCO3 whisker content, friction coefficient continuously decreased but the trends in wear performance varied. The specific wear rate showed minima as 1.28×10-6 mm3/Nm for 15% CaCO3 whisker inclusion followed by a slow increase for further CaCO3 whisker addition. In terms of friction applications, when the tribological and mechanical properties are combined, the optimal content of CaCO3 whisker in the filled PEEK should be recommended as 15% to 20%. Fairly good correlations are observed in friction coefficient vs bending modulus and wear rate vs bending strength, confirming that the bending properties prove to be the most important tribology controlling parameters in the present work.     

Dry self-lubricating composites

Chopped strand carbon fibers, glass fibers and their hybrids were used to reinforce an epoxy matrix to which additives of PTFE, graphite and molybdenum disulfide were used for producing a dry self-lubricating material. Their tribology properties were studied using testing machines of thrust and journal radial. Also, the PV value, friction coefficient, wear rate and the contact surface temperatures were determined. The compression strength of the bush ring and the impact strength of material were evaluated. The surfaces of wear were investigated. The mode of fracture mechanism is proposed according to the specimens morphology. The relationship between friction coefficient and loading correlated well with the Myoshis equation in the case of a backing material. This study provided an optimal approach of making dry wear bearings by glass fibers backing at low friction coefficient.     

热处理对炭/炭-铜复合材料载流磨损行为的影响

为探明炭/炭(C/C)多孔体热处理对炭/炭-铜(C/C-Cu)复合材料载流磨损行为的影响,采用化学气相渗透法(CVI)增密的C/C多孔体,再通过压力熔渗法制备C/C-Cu复合材料.采用载流动态磨损试验机测试C/C-Cu复合材料载流磨损行为,利用数字式三维视频显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料磨损前后的表面形貌,研究了C/C多孔体经过2 000℃热处理对C/C-Cu复合材料载流磨损行为的影响.结果表明:C/C-Cu复合材料的质量磨损率和线磨损率比C/C多孔体未经热处理的复合材料分别降低了34.42%和17.84%;C/C多孔体经过2 000℃热处理,石墨化度提高,片层劈裂阻力减小,在载荷的作用下石墨片层易于劈裂形成细小的石墨微晶碎片,迅速填充修复表面缺陷,形成具有一定润滑作用、平整的摩擦膜,有效抑制了局部非均匀磨损的扩大,减弱了磨粒磨损和电弧放电引起的烧蚀、粘着、氧化磨损之间的循环交替磨损,载流磨损性能提高.     

The friction and wear properties of carbon nanotubes/graphite/carbon fabric reinforced phenolic polymer composites

In this paper, either graphite (Gr) or carbon nanotubes (CNTs), or both of them were incorporated into carbon fabric reinforced phenolic (CFRP) composites, preparing by a dip-coating and heat molding process, the tribological properties of the resulting composites were investigated using a block-on-ring arrangement. The worn surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscope to understand the mechanism. Experimental results showed that the optimal Gr was more beneficial than CNTs in improving the tribological properties of the CFRP composites when they were singly incorporated. It is well worth noting that the friction and wear behavior of the CNTs-filled CFRP composites were improved further when Gr was added, indicating that there is a synergistic effect between them. Tribological tests under different sliding conditions revealed that the Gr and CNTs-filled CFRP composites seemed to be the most suitable for tribological applications under higher sliding speed and load, and oil lubrication.     

马来酸酐改性天然橡胶对碳酸钙/天然橡胶复合材料力学行为的影响

以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,在转矩流变仪中自制马来酸酐(MAH)接枝改性天然橡胶(NR)(MNR),将其作为超细碳酸钙/天然橡胶复合材料(CaCO3/NR)的改性剂,研究了MNR对于CaCO3/NR复合材料的力学性能、应力软化效应以及应力弛豫行为的影响。研究结果表明,MNR改性后CaCO3/NR复合材料较之未改性复合材料拉伸强度、撕裂强度和硬度等力学性能均有所提高,应力软化效应加剧,应力弛豫程度和速度降低,力学行为研究结果证实MNR可有效改善CaCO与NR基体间的界面粘合。     

Friction and wear studies of polyimide composites filled with short carbon fibers and graphite and micro SiO2

Polyimide (PI) composites filled with short carbon fibers (SCFs), micro SiO₂, and graphite (Gr) particles were prepared by means of hot press molding technique. The friction and wear properties of the resulting composites sliding against GCr15 steel were investigated on a model ring-on-block test rig. Experimental results revealed that single incorporation of graphite and SCF significantly improve the tribological properties of the PI composites, but micro SiO₂ was harmful to the improvement of the friction and wear behavior of the PI composite. It is found that a combinative addition of Gr, SCF and micro SiO₂ was the most effective in improving the friction-reducing and anti-wear abilities of the PI composites. Research results also show that the filled PI composites exhibited better tribological properties under higher PV-product.     

石墨的添加对NiCr-W-Ti自润滑复合材料高温摩擦学性能的影响

本文以Ni20Cr合金为基体添加稀有金属Ti、W粉末及石墨后,充分混合,采用机械合金化及热压烧结工艺制备了NiCr金属基复合材料,研究了石墨含量对NiCr金属基复合材料的组织结构和摩擦学性能的影响。在UMT-3高温摩擦试验机上进行了该复合材料同Al_2O_3陶瓷球的滑动摩擦磨损实验,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合材料及其摩擦测试后的形貌与结构进行观察分析,结果表明:当所添加石墨的质量分数为3wt.%时,复合材料具有相对较好的力学性能和摩擦学性能;当测试温度低于300℃时,摩擦表面未形成有效的摩擦膜,故磨损率较高;当温度高于500℃时,摩擦层中含有摩擦氧化物,摩擦表面被光滑氧化物所组成的润滑膜覆盖,对磨面具有很好的保护作用,因而磨损率降低。     

PC/EVA共混体系在加工过程中的反应

通过转矩流变分析、差示扫描量热（DSC）和核磁共振氢谱（1H-NMR）等手段研究了不同聚碳酸酯（PC）/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物（EVA）共混体系在加工过程中的大分子反应,考察了有机金属催化剂（氧化二丁基锡DBTO）含量和反应时间对共混体系的影响.结果表明,PC和EVA可以在熔融共混过程中发生大分子反应,在界面原位形成接枝或交联的PC-EVA共聚物,催化剂用量增大、反应时间延长易生成共交联的PC-EVA共聚物,但混合时间过长,体系的断链加剧,所生成产物不稳定。     

铝/石墨复合材料高速高温下的摩擦磨损特性

本文研究了用中间法新工艺制造的铝石墨复合材料在高速高温下的摩擦磨损特性。试验在销盘式试验机上进行。滑动线速度最高达9.4米/秒。在2米/秒干摩擦时,所有测试的复合材料磨损量均小于基体合金。200℃时,含石墨2～5%的复合材料磨损量也此基体合金小。在9.4米/秒干摩擦时,含石墨2%的复合材料耐磨性能最好。以前曾有报导:滑动线速度大于1米/秒,铝石墨复合材料的磨损量大于基体合金[12,13]。本文认为新工艺制造的复合材料在9.4米/秒的高速摩擦时摩擦系数和磨损量下降是由于石墨与基体界面结合良好。