基于Gabor小波和阈值分析的声发射源定位方法

针对声发射信号多模态特性和信噪比低的特点,提出了一种将小波变换和阈值分析相结合的声发射源定位方法。对采集到的声发射信号进行信号频谱分析,提取信号主要频率成分之一的小波变换幅值,得到含有多峰值的时域波形。为消除多峰值的影响,将小波变换最大幅值的80%设为阈值。在时频空间下,确定声发射信号中同一频率下同种模态的波到达传感器的时间差,并测量该模态波在板面传播的群速度,实现声发射源定位。在大理石板上进行声发射两点线定位实验,结果证实该方法的确能提高声发射源定位精度,是一种有效的声发射源定位方法。     

基于FBG传感网络和时间反转聚焦成像方法的声发射定位技术研究

针对传统声发射定位系统存在的结构复杂、难以组网、定位精度低等问题,设计了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器网络和时间反转聚焦成像的声发射定位方法。在对时间反转聚焦定位原理分析的基础上,利用四个FBG传感器构建四点定位系统,并采用窄带激光边缘滤波技术实现信号解调。利用Morlet小波提取信号中特定频率成分,并计算模值和时差。通过建立时间反转聚焦模型实现声发射源定位,并在铝合金板结构上对整套成像定位方法进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地对400mm×400mm监测区域进行声发射定位成像,定位误差小于20mm,耗时小于2s。为声发射检测和定位提供了一种新的方法。     

有限空间液态场中声发射信号时延估计方法

石油储罐罐底腐蚀的定位可利用声发射信号的时延估计实现,但在有限空间液态场中信号的传播会产生严重的多途效应,对准确进行时延估计产生不利影响.提出一种基于信号截取的广义互相关时延估计方法.采用曲线拟合法对每路传感器采集信号进行波达时刻估计,然后进行信号截取,对两路传感器截取信号进行基于相位变换的广义互相关,实现信号的时延估计.实验结果表明,该方法能有效克服多途干扰,提高时延估计性能.     

基于菱形光纤布拉格光栅传感阵列的声发射定位技术

声发射技术是结构损伤检测的重要手段,声发射源定位是损伤检测的首要环节。时差定位技术具有快速、高效、精确的特点,以此设计了由菱形阵列光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器构成的声发射定位系统。采用小波变换和传统阈值法提取特征信号,结合互相关法获得传感器间的信号到达时差,然后根据几何定位模型求解非线性方程组得到声源可能存在的位置,最后根据时差的正负特性进一步确定声源的准确位置,有效避免了伪声源的情况。在铝合金板上,以对角线为48 cm48 cm的监测区域进行了10组测试实验验证,平均误差为1.29 cm。     

射频窄带信号时差估计算法研究

研究了定位中的射频窄带信号时差估计问题,给出时差估计的信号模型,在研究传统广义相关时差估计算法及基于希尔伯特变换时差估计算法基础上,提出了广义相关希尔伯特差值时差估计算法。通过仿真实验,给出估计性能曲线,与广义相关法及希尔伯特变换时差估计算法相比,仿真结果表明该算法具有较好的估计性能。     

采用窄带特征提取方法提高声发射源定位精度

针对提高声发射源定位精度的需要,提出了利用小波变换从宽带非平稳声发射信号中提取稳定的窄带响应信息的方法,可降低环境噪声和波速色散效应的影响;进一步根据Hilbert变换提取窄带信号的包络,可根据第一个包络峰值正确判定应力波到达时刻.介绍了该方法的实现原理,组建了应力波源定位实验系统.采用十字定位法确定发射源位置.结果表明,采用新的窄带特征提取技术后,定位误差从原来的15 mm减少到4.9 mm.     

声发射技术及其在变压器局部放电检测中的应用

对声发射技术及其在变压器局部放电应用中的检测原理进行了阐述,介绍了国外最新的声发射检测仪器,主要从声发射信号分析方法、声发射源定位方法两个方面进行了综述,在声发射信号分析方法中主要介绍了信号波形处理和信号的特征参数分析两种方法。在声发射源定位中主要阐述了电-声定位和声-声定位等几种超声波定位,并对这几种方法的优缺点进行了分析。最后探讨了声发射技术及其在局部放电应用中存在的问题和发展方向。     

基于STC12C5410AD单片机的四通道声发射信号采集系统设计

根据声发射信号微弱、传播速度快、易受干扰等特点,通过对声发射检测中声发射信号源定位类别和方法的研究,提出了多个数据采集通道同时采集声发射信号的设计方法。本方法利用单片机技术设计了一个多通道声发射信号采集系统,从而实现了对声发射信号的同步采集以及声源信号技术,同时通过与上位机通讯完成了数据的保存和处理。     

声发射信号分类研究

声发射信号具有时变的特征,对声发射信号进行短时分析技术,并采用快速傅里叶变换后提取信号的有效特征,进而采用fisher准则对信号特征数量进行压缩,最后采用神经网络技术对信号进行分类,分类结果表明这种方法对声发射信号特别有效.     

广义S变换及其时频滤波

首先从基于高斯窗函数的短时傅里叶变换推导出了一种广义S变换,分析了它与S变换及小波变换的关系,给出了它的运算实现.理论分析与仿真实验表明,广义S变换的时频窗口不仅能够随着频率尺度自适应地调整,而且克服了S变换中时窗函数的变化趋势固定不变的问题,使广义S变换在应用中具有更高的实用性和灵活性.利用其高质量的时频分布,在时频平面中设计时频滤波器,用于非平稳信号中特定信号分量的提取,展示了广义S变换在这一应用中的有效性.     

基于压电换能器的声发射源定位成像研究

针对金属板类结构件的声发射(AE)源定位精度低,定位过程复杂等问题,研究了一种基于时间反转聚焦的声发射源定位成像方法。该方法首先分析了时间反转(TR)和定位成像的原理,建立了由4个声发射传感器组成的板件监测模型,最后通过在铝合金板上进行了声发射源的定位实验研究。实验结果表明,该方法在不需要复杂信号处理的情况下能有效地实现铝合金板声发射源的定位和成像,并将误差控制在有效范围内。     

充液管道中声发射波的传播及衰减特性研究

分析了声发射波在液体载荷作用下管道中的声学特性,并对钢管中的几种不同模态的声发射波在液体管道中的传播和衰减特性进行了测量。以一条长41.4 m的充水管道为例,对水载作用下的声发射管道泄漏检测及定位技术进行了研究,当管道内压力为0.6 MPa,两传感器相距40 m时,采用相关分析等信号处理方法,可检测到直径1 mm的针孔形泄漏,相对定位误差为2.9%。     

FBG-based ultrasonic wave detection and acoustic emission linear location system

The ultrasonic (US) wave detection and an acoustic emission (AE) linear location system are proposed, which employ fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) as US wave sensors. In the theoretical analysis, the FBG sensor response to longitudinal US wave is investigated. The result indicates that the FBG wavelength can be modulated as static case when the grating length is much shorter than US wavelength. The experimental results of standard sinusoidal and spindle wave test agree well with the generated signal. Further research using two FBGs for realizing linear location is also achieved. The maximum linear location error is obtained as less than 5 mm. FBG-based US wave sensor and AE linear location provide useful tools for specific requirements.     

Acoustic emission source location in dispersive media

In this paper, the acoustic emission source (AE) is located by a non-iterative method using the time-of-arrival (TOA) of several events, received in an array of sensors arbitrary positioning in the 3D space. If at least two event velocities are different, a common property in dispersive propagation, and the array of sensors is not lying in a plane, a close-form estimation of the source–sensors distances, AE time and material constant is derived. Moreover, a direct estimation of the source position is achieved using the multidimensional scaling approach. In simulation experiments, the proposed method detects accurately the location of AE sources, reducing also the ambiguity introduced by noisy arrival times.     

基于EMD的声发射管道泄漏检测研究

针对管道泄漏声发射检测信号的非平稳特征,该文提出了基于经验模态分解(EMD)的声发射信号分析方法。该信号分析法将管道泄漏产生的复杂声发射信号分解成有限个固有模态信号(IMF),使Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)的瞬时频率具有了实际物理意义,提高了管道泄漏检测的定位精度。结果表明,HHT法能准确描述声发射波形信号的非线性、非平稳时变特征,是声发射信号时频分析的有效工具。     

Planar location of the simulative acoustic source based on fiber optic sensor array

A fiber optic sensor array which is structured by four Sagnac fiber optic sensors is proposed to detect and locate a simulative source of acoustic emission (AE). The sensing loops of Sagnac interferometer (SI) are regarded as point sensors as their small size. Based on the derived output light intensity expression of SI, the optimum work condition of the Sagnac fiber optic sensor is discussed through the simulation of MATLAB. Four sensors are respectively placed on a steel plate to structure the sensor array and the location algorithms are expatiated. When an impact is generated by an artificial AE source at any position of the plate, the AE signal will be detected by four sensors at different times. With the help of a single chip microcomputer (SCM) which can calculate the position of the AE source and display it on LED, we have implemented an intelligent detection and location.     

In-process detection of microscratching during CMP using acoustic emission sensing technology

An experimental investigation on the correlation between the microscratches and the signal characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) generated during chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) has been performed. CMP experimental results from both laboratory and production line CMP machines have clearly showed that AE rms voltage in the time domain has distinctive features relating to scratching. The sensitivity of AE signals to the CMP process state change was also investigated. The results show that this AE sensing technology can be used as a tool for in-situ microscratch detection and process monitoring in CMP.     

The S-transform using a new window to improve frequency and time resolutions

The S-transform presents arbitrary time series as localized invertible time–frequency spectra. This transformation improves the short-time Fourier transform and the wavelet transform by merging the multiresolution and frequency-dependent analysis properties of wavelet transform with the absolute phase retaining of Fourier transform. The generalized S-transform utilizes a combination of a Fourier transform kernel and a scalable-sliding window. The common S-transform applies a Gaussian window to provide appropriate time and frequency resolution and minimizes the product of these resolutions. However, the Gaussian S-transform is unable to obtain uniform time and frequency resolution for all frequency components. In this paper, a novel window based on the $t$ student distribution is proposed for the S-transform to achieve a more uniform resolution. Simulation results show that the S-transform with the proposed window provides in comparison with the Gaussian window a more uniform resolution for the entire time and frequency range. The result is suitable for applications such as spectrum sensing.     

基于声发射技术的金刚石单晶生长机理研究

作为一种动态无损检测技术,声发射在研究材料的变化机理和特殊性能表征等方面具有重要作用.本文采用声发射检测技术对高温高压下人造金刚石单晶的生长过程进行了检测与分析.并结合金刚石/金属包膜界面微观形貌的观察,讨论了声发射信号能量、幅度、振铃等参数的变化规律.实验结果表明,声发射信号的特征参数能客观反映金刚石单晶在高温高压下...