THF改性反胶团微乳液法制备纳米TiO2多孔薄膜的性能

四氢呋喃(THF)改性反胶团微乳液法可制备出粒径小而均匀并呈球形的纳米非晶态TiO2多孔薄膜.将所制备的非晶态TiO2薄膜应用于染料敏化太阳能(DSC)电池,并与P25纳米晶粉体制备的晶态TiO2薄膜及其DSC性能进行对比.结果显示,虽然非晶态TiO2多孔薄膜的染料吸附量明显低于P25纳米晶薄膜,但由于微观结构和制备方法的不同,所组装的DSC光电转换效率达到4.68%,与P25纳米晶薄膜的光电转换效率相当.研究结果表明,由于相比P25纳米晶TiO2薄膜,非晶态TiO2多孔薄膜制备工艺简单,用于DSC具有明显优势.     

多孔氧化钛薄膜的溶胶-凝胶制备及其光催化性能

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法不添加任何表面活性剂和胶体模板制备了大孔TiO2薄膜。首先,在TiO2前驱体溶液中引入可聚合的有机单体,利用浸渍提拉法制备TiO2胶体薄膜。然后将该薄膜在紫外光下照射一段时间。紫外光照诱发了单体聚合,导致薄膜中出现两相,一相是新生成的富聚合物相,另一相是富TiO2低聚物-残余的单体相。将光照后的薄膜在600℃热处理10分钟后,可以得到具有大孔结构的TiO2薄膜。采用SEM,AFM,XRD,TG-DTA等技术对样品进行了表征。结果表明,多孔薄膜的结构可以通过改变反应参数进行调控,单体浓度的变化可以影响到薄膜晶体结构,600℃的煅烧可以将体系中绝大部分的有机物除去。光催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液实验结果表明,制备的TiO2多孔薄膜表现出较好的光催化性能。     

微乳液模板法制备多孔二氧化钛光催化薄膜

通过在钛溶胶中掺入阳离子型微乳液,并控制掺入量和pH值,使混合溶胶稳定,涂膜后经过适当热处理得到了TiO2纳米多孔薄膜.借助XRD、FT-IR、DTA、AFM、BET等测试手段,分析讨论了微乳液模板的加入对多孔二氧化钛薄膜的结晶行为、表面形貌和孔结构的影响.光催化结果表明,适当的表面形貌和孔结构可以显著提高TiO2薄膜的光催化能力.     

纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化特性研究

以电化学方法合成的Al2O3多孔膜为基体，采用交流电沉积的方法在膜孔中沉积纳米TiO2，制备出纳米TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜。对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜的形貌、结构和组成进行了表征；对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化甲基橙溶液进行了研究。结果表明Al2O3／TiO2复合薄膜呈现出较好的光催化活性，电沉积TiO2的时间、热处理温度、选择不同光源照射均对TiO2／Al2O3复合薄膜光催化活性有一定的影响。     

TiO2介孔薄膜电阻对染料敏化太阳能电池光电转换性能的影响

TiO2介孔薄膜的电阻可能是影响染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率的主要因素之一.设计了一种可用于测试TiO2介孔薄膜电阻的方法,研究了2种不同电阻值的TiO2介孔薄膜的电阻变化规律和2种TiO2介孔薄膜组装的染料敏化太阳能电池(DSC)的光电转换性能.结果显示,采用低电阻的TiO2薄膜光电极有利于DSC光电转换效率的提高.     

TiO2介孔薄膜制备及光电化学性能

采用溶液-凝胶法分别制备TiO2介孔薄膜和TiO2纳米晶薄膜,其中TiO2介孔薄膜的制备过程中采用PVC-g-POEM为模版。XRD分析结果表明,两者的晶体结构无法明显变化,均为锐钛矿,SEM分析表明TiO2介孔薄膜的孔洞大小及分布均匀。经过染料敏化处理组成光阳极后,TiO2介孔薄膜的吸光性,及光电化学性能明显增强。     

柔性色素增感太阳能电池的研究进展

介绍了柔性色素增感太阳能电池的结构、原理、特点及现状,并对各个组成部分:柔性基板(PET和PEN)、透明导电薄膜及电极材料(TiO2和ZnO)进行了综述,重点介绍了纳米TiO2多孔薄膜电极材料的各种低温制备方法.比较各种低温TiO2薄膜制备方法得出胶体涂膜直接低温烧结法较好.该方法简单便捷,效率较高,适合产业化滚筒生产.     

晶相可调TiO2多孔薄膜的低温制备及其性能

采用低温方法制备了金红石含量可调TiO2多孔薄膜,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、BET比表面积测量仪和透射电镜(TEM)对其进行了表征。以甲基橙(MO)为光催化反应的模型化合物,研究了TiO2多孔薄膜的光催化活性以及重复使用效果。结果表明:随金红石含量增加,TiO2薄膜的紫外光催化活性减小,而可见光催化活性增加;在金红石含量相近的条件下,水热合成TiO2薄膜的紫外和可见光催化活性均高于机械混合TiO2薄膜;TiO2薄膜的光催化重复使用性能良好。当其它实验条件相同时改变MO溶液的初始pH值,其最大降解效率发生在pH=3.00时。光电共同催化效果优于光催化。     

室温制备TiO2多孔薄膜及其影响因素

将具有锐钛矿晶粒的TiO2溶胶与苯丙乳液混合制得涂膜液,采用浸渍提拉法制备薄膜,利用选择性溶解的方法将薄膜中的苯丙乳液粒子溶解去除,在室温下获得锐钛矿型TiO2多孔薄膜.采用TEM、SEM等分析方法考察了TiO2溶胶添加量、苯丙乳液添加量、涂膜液陈化时间以及乳液粒子溶解去除条件等因素对TiO2薄膜表面形貌的影响.结果表明涂膜液中TiO2溶胶与苯丙乳液添加量的比例影响了孔的形态;涂膜液的陈化时间是影响薄膜表面孔致密程度的关键因素,陈化时间的增长有利于薄膜表面形成较为密集的孔洞;采用超声波能大大提高薄膜中苯丙乳液粒子的去除效率.最后得出了制备TiO2多孔薄膜的较为合适的涂膜液配比及工艺条件：15g TiO2溶胶、0.2g苯丙乳液、10g H2O;涂膜液陈化15d,薄膜浸入甲苯后,超声波振荡10min.     

纳米TiO2光催化剂的研究进展

文章综述了纳米TiO2的研究进展,并详细介绍了氮、氟、三氧化二钨掺杂纳米TiO2多孔TiO2光催化剂,纳米TiO2薄膜,复合纳米TiO2的研究情况,最后对TiO2在今后的发展进行了展望。     

复合电沉积制备SnO2/TiO2薄膜及其光电催化性能

为了寻求廉价、高效和稳定的光催化剂,用复合电沉积技术在紫铜片上制备了Sn/TiO2薄膜,经300℃热氧化使之形成SnO2/TiO2复合电极.利用SEM,XRD对薄膜进行了表征,以甲基橙为模型化合物,对复合电极的光催化和光电催化性能进行了测定.研究表明:该薄膜由0.3~1μm的颗粒构成,每个颗粒又由纳米晶粒形成;电极具有多孔结构,膜中的SnO2以两种不同的晶体结构存在;在薄膜质量相等的情况下,SnO2/TiO2薄膜的光催化活性是纯TiO2粒子膜的2.87倍;外加一定偏压下,其催化性能大幅度提高.     

Formaldehyde degradation by photocatalytic Ag-doped TiO2 film of glass fiber roving

The photocatalytic Ag doped TiO2 porous films were prepared by sol-gel method and dip coated on glass fiber roving. The sol composed of titanium (IV) isopropoxide, triethanolamine, ethanol and nitric acid followed by calcination of the film at 500 degrees C for 1 hour with a heating rate of 3 degrees C/min. The surface morphology and properties of synthesized TiO2 films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, atomic forced microscope and scanning electron microscope. A laboratory photocatalytic reactor was set up to carry out photoactivity of the prepared catalysts. The results show that TiO2-Ag and TiO2-Ag-TEA porous films give highest rate of formaldehyde gas degradation. It can be noted that triethanolamine exhibits two effects on TiO2 composite films; one is its effect on porous film structure and second is a reverse effect of hindrance of anatase growth.     

Solar-light photoamperometric and photocatalytic properties of quasi-transparent TiO2 nanoporous thin films

Transparent photocatalytic surfaces are of ever increasing importance for many applications on self-cleaning windows and tiles in everyday applications. Here, we report the formation and photocatalytic testing of a quasi-transparent thin and nanoporous titania films deposited on glass plates. Sputtered Ti thin films were anodized in fluoride-ion-containing neutral electrolytes to form optically semitransparent nanoporous films, which transformed to be completely transparent after thermal annealing. The nanoporous films were studied at different stages, such as before and after anodization, as well as after thermal annealing using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy. It was observed that anodization at 20 V of high-temperature deposited titanium films resulted in regular nanopore films with pore diameters of 30 nm. Structural investigations on the transparent nanopore arrays reveal the presence of anatase phase TiO(2) even after annealing at 500 °C, which was confirmed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The solar-light induced photocatalytic decomposition of stearic acid and photoconductivity characteristics of these nanoporous thin films are also presented.     

Effects of mineral tourmaline particles on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films

Titania composite thin films (T/TiO2) containing tourmaline particles were prepared by a sol-gel method, using alkoxide solutions as precursor. The tourmaline particles and thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and so on. The effects of tourmaline on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 were measured with methyl orange as an objective photodegradation substance. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange conformed to the first-order kinetic equation and the composite thin films had better photocatalytic activity due to the cooperation of polarity and the far infrared emission of tourmaline. The T/TiO2 thin films including 0.5 wt% tourmaline exhibited better photocatalytic activity when heat-treated at 250 degrees C for 3 h, than pure TiO2 thin films under the ultraviolet irradiation.     

Ag/TiO2薄膜结构和光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了Ag掺杂的TiO2薄膜.用XRD、氮吸附法、UV-VIS-NIR分光光度计以及XPS对Ag掺杂后TiO2薄膜结构的变化进行了分析;用分光光学法通过在紫外光照下分解亚甲基蓝的实验比较了TiO2薄膜与Ag/TiO2薄膜的光催化性能.结果发现,掺杂适量的Ag有助于TiO2薄膜光催化氧化性能的提高,原因在于:（1）Ag通过引入耗尽层提高了TiO2的电荷分离能力,并吸引空穴向薄膜表面移动,结果使薄膜表面空穴的浓度提高,薄膜光催化效率提高;（2）Ag减小了TiO2粒子的粒径,使TiO2禁带宽度增大,薄膜光催化氧化的能力提高;（3）Ag掺杂后,TiO2薄膜表面对-OH基和水的吸附增加,使光照后TiO2薄膜表面活性自由基·OH的浓度增加,空穴向薄膜所吸附物质的转移能力提高.     

TiO2功能薄膜的制备及影响其光催化活性的因素

近些年来，TiO2功能薄膜以其卓越的性能，尤其是优异的光催化性能引起研究人员的广泛关注，本文根据国内外近期TiO2功能薄膜的研究现状，对化学气相沉积法，水解一沉淀法，液相沉积法，溶胶－凝胶法，原子层沉积法，溅射法，激光辅助分子束沉积法等化学和物理制备方法进行评述，并比较详细地探讨了表面羟基含量，膜的厚度和孔径，结晶形态，基片种类，掺杂和光强度等因素对TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响。     

Effects of substrate temperature on the microstructure and photocatalytic reactivity of TiO2 films

Transmission electronic microscopy is used to study the structure, morphology and orientation of thin TiO2 films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering on glass slides at different substrate temperatures (100 to 400 °C). The TiO2 films are used to purify a dye in waste water. The microstructure and photocatalytic reactivity of TiO2 films have been shown to be functions of deposition temperature. In the temperature range examined, all film samples have a porous nanostructure and the dimension of particles grown with increasing deposition temperature. Films are amorphous at temperatures of 100 °C and only anatase phase forms at 200 °C and above. Films deposited between 200 to 300 °C show a preferred orientation, while films at 400 °C change into complete random orientation. Deposition at 250 °C yields high efficiency in photocatalytic degradation owing to the high degree of preferred orientation and nanocrystalline/nanoporous anatase phase. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers     

Synthesis of nanocrystalline photocatalytic TiO2 thin films and particles using sol–gel method modified with nonionic surfactants

A simple sol–gel route has been developed for the preparation of nanocrystalline photocatalytic TiO₂ thin films and particles at 500 °C. The synthesis involved a novel chemistry method employing nonionic surfactant molecules as a pore directing agent along with acetic acid-based sol–gel route without direct addition of water molecules. This study investigated the effect of surfactant type and concentration on the homogeneity, morphology, light absorption, dye adsorption and degradation, and hydrophilicity of TiO₂ films as well as on the structural properties of the corresponding TiO₂ particles. The method resulted in the synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ material with enhanced structural and catalytic properties including high surface area, large pore volume, pore size controllability, small crystallite size, enhanced crystallinity, and active anatase crystal phase. The prepared TiO₂ thin films were super-hydrophilic and possessed thermally stable spherical bicontinuous mesopore structure with highly interconnected network. Highly porous TiO₂ films prepared with polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate surfactant exhibited four times higher photocatalytic activity for the decoloration of methylene blue dye than the nonporous control TiO₂ films prepared without the surfactant. This sol–gel method modified with surfactant templates is useful in the preparation of nanostructured anatase TiO₂ thin films with high photocatalytic activity and desired pore structure.     

Low-temperature Preparation of Photocatalytic TiO2 Thin Films on Polymer Substrates by Direct Deposition from Anatase Sol

Anatase TiO2 sol was synthesized under mild conditions （75℃ and ambient pressure） by hydrolysis of titaniumn-butoxide in abundant acidic aqueous solution and subsequent reflux to enhance crystallization. At room temperature and in ambient atmosphere, crystalline TiO2 thin films were deposited on polymethylmethacrylate （PMMA）, SiO2-coated PMMA and SiO2-coated silicone rubber substrates from the as-prepared TiO2 sol by a dip-coating process. SiO2 layers prior to TiO2 thin films on polymer substrates could not only protect the substrates from the photocatalytic decomposition of the TiO2 thin films but also enhance the adhesion of the TiO2 thin films to the substrates. Field-emission type scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM） investigations revealed that the average particle sizes of the nanoparticles composing the TiO2 thin films were about 35-47 nm. The TiO2 thin films exhibited high photocatalytic activities in the degradation of reactive brilliant red dye X-3B in aqueous solution under aerated conditions. The preparation process of photocatalytic TiO2 thin films on the polymer substrates was quite simple and a low temperature route.     

Mesoporous TiO2 thin films embedded with Au nanoparticles for the enhancement of the photocatalytic properties

Mesoporous TiO₂ thin films were prepared by hydrothermal-oxidation of titanium metal thin films, which were obtained by DC magnetron sputtering technique. Gold nanoparticles, which were prepared by reduction of HAuCl₄, were embedded into the holes of the mesoporous TiO₂ films by capillary method followed by annealing in air up to 400 °C. The size of pore of TiO₂ films is about 100 nm and that of Au nanoparticles is about 10 nm in average. The morphology of the films was analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and scanning probe microscopes (SPMs). Subsequently, the photocatalytic performances of the obtained nanosystems in the decomposition of methylene blue solution are discussed. The obtained results show that the dispersion of Au nanoparticles on the mesoporous TiO2 matrix will help enhancing the photocatalytic activity with respect to pure TiO₂ under visible light irradiation.