Multi-objective algorithms for the application mapping problem in heterogeneous multiprocessor embedded system design

The Journal of Supercomputing - Design at the Electronic System-Level tackles the increasing complexity of embedded systems by raising the level of abstraction in system specification and modeling....     

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms for electric power dispatch problem

The potential and effectiveness of the newly developed Pareto-based multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) for solving a real-world power system multiobjective nonlinear optimization problem are comprehensively discussed and evaluated in this paper. Specifically, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm, niched Pareto genetic algorithm, and strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) have been developed and successfully applied to an environmental/economic electric power dispatch problem. A new procedure for quality measure is proposed in this paper in order to evaluate different techniques. A feasibility check procedure has been developed and superimposed on MOEA to restrict the search to the feasible region of the problem space. A hierarchical clustering algorithm is also imposed to provide the power system operator with a representative and manageable Pareto-optimal set. Moreover, an approach based on fuzzy set theory is developed to extract one of the Pareto-optimal solutions as the best compromise one. These multiobjective evolutionary algorithms have been individually examined and applied to the standard IEEE 30-bus six-generator test system. Several optimization runs have been carried out on different cases of problem complexity. The results of MOEA have been compared to those reported in the literature. The results confirm the potential and effectiveness of MOEA compared to the traditional multiobjective optimization techniques. In addition, the results demonstrate the superiority of the SPEA as a promising multiobjective evolutionary algorithm to solve different power system multiobjective optimization problems.     

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: analyzing the state-of-the-art

Solving optimization problems with multiple (often conflicting) objectives is, generally, a very difficult goal. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) were initially extended and applied during the mid-eighties in an attempt to stochastically solve problems of this generic class. During the past decade, a variety, of multiobjective EA (MOEA) techniques have been proposed and applied to many scientific and engineering applications. Our discussion's intent is to rigorously define multiobjective optimization problems and certain related concepts, present an MOEA classification scheme, and evaluate the variety of contemporary MOEAs. Current MOEA theoretical developments are evaluated; specific topics addressed include fitness functions, Pareto ranking, niching, fitness sharing, mating restriction, and secondary populations. Since the development and application of MOEAs is a dynamic and rapidly growing activity, we focus on key analytical insights based upon critical MOEA evaluation of current research and applications. Recommended MOEA designs are presented, along with conclusions and recommendations for future work.     

Enhanced evolutionary algorithms for single and multiobjective optimization in the job shop scheduling problem

Over the past few years, a continually increasing number of research efforts have investigated the application of evolutionary computation techniques for the solution of scheduling problems. Scheduling can pose extremely complex combinatorial optimization problems, which belong to the NP-hard family. Last enhancements on evolutionary algorithms include new multirecombinative approaches. Multiple Crossovers Per Couple (MCPC) allows multiple crossovers on the couple selected for mating and Multiple Crossovers on Multiple Parents (MCMP) do this but on a set of more than two parents. Techniques for preventing incest also help to avoid premature convergence. Issues on representation and operators influence efficiency and efficacy of the algorithm. The present paper shows how enhanced evolutionary approaches, can solve the Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) in single and multiobjective optimization.     

Preference-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for power-aware application mapping on NoC platforms

Network-on-chip (NoC) are considered the next generation of communication infrastructure in embedded systems. In the platform-based design methodology, an application is implemented by a set of collaborative intellectual property (IP) blocks. The selection of the most suited set of IPs as well as their physical mapping onto the NoC infrastructure to implement efficiently the application at hand are two hard combinatorial problems that occur during the synthesis process of Noc-based embedded system implementation. In this paper, we propose an innovative preference-based multi-objective evolutionary methodology to perform the assignment and mapping stages. We use one of the well-known and efficient multi-objective evolutionary algorithms NSGA-II and microGA as a kernel. The optimization processes of assignment and mapping are both driven by the minimization of the required silicon area and imposed execution time of the application, considering that the decision maker’s preference is a pre-specified value of the overall power consumption of the implementation.     

Multiobjective cuckoo search for design optimization

Many design problems in engineering are typically multiobjective, under complex nonlinear constraints. The algorithms needed to solve multiobjective problems can be significantly different from the methods for single objective optimization. Computing effort and the number of function evaluations may often increase significantly for multiobjective problems. Metaheuristic algorithms start to show their advantages in dealing with multiobjective optimization. In this paper, we formulate a new cuckoo search for multiobjective optimization. We validate it against a set of multiobjective test functions, and then apply it to solve structural design problems such as beam design and disc brake design. In addition, we also analyze the main characteristics of the algorithm and their implications.     

Distributed evolutionary algorithms for simulation optimization

The optimization of such complex systems as manufacturing systems often necessitates the use of simulation. In this paper, the use of evolutionary algorithms is suggested for the optimization of simulation models. Several types of variables are taken into account. The reduction of computing cost is achieved through the parallelization of this method, which allows several simulation experiments to be run simultaneously. Emphasis is put on a distributed approach where several computers manage both their own local population of solutions and their own simulation experiments, exchanging solutions using a migration operator. After a first evaluation through a mathematical function with a known optimum, the benefits of this new approach are demonstrated through the example of a transport lot sizing and transporter allocation problem in a manufacturing flow shop system, which is solved using a distributed software implemented on a network of eight Sun workstations     

求解多处理机调度问题的蚁群算法

蚁群算法是受自然界中的蚂蚁觅食行为启发而设计的智能优化算法,特别适合处理离散型的组合优化问题。提出一种求解多处理机调度的蚁群算法,利用一个蚂蚁代表一个处理机来选择任务,并通过分析关键路径及每个任务的最早、最迟开始时间来确定每个任务的紧迫程度,让蚂蚁以此来选择任务。实验证明,该算法可比传统算法取得有更好运行效率的调度策略。     

Dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for single-objective optimization

This paper proposes a new method for handling the difficulty of multi-modality for the single-objective optimization problem (SOP). The method converts a SOP to an equivalent dynamic multi-objective optimization problem (DMOP). A new dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (DMOEA) is implemented to solve the DMOP. The DMOP has two objectives: the original objective and a niche-count objective. The second objective aims to maintain the population diversity for handling the multi-modality difficulty during the search process. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is significantly better than the state-of-the-art competitors on a set of benchmark problems and real world antenna array problems.     

面向布局优化问题的多量子态量子进化算法及其应

针对演化算法在求解带平衡约束的圆形布局问题上所出现的早熟现象,提出一种有利于保持种群多样性的多量子态量子进化算法,并结合高效的定位定序启发式方法进行求解。为了高效优化布局顺序,在量子进化算法的基础上：引入多量子态编码和基于平均收敛概率的收敛标准以提高求解速度;引入基于禁忌策略和启发信息的观测方法,使其所得到的n进制解为互不相同的整数串,同时保证优先布局质量大、半径大的小圆;引入动态量子进化策略,有效地引导种群向最优个体进化。在定位规则中引入定位概率函数提高解的精度,数值实验结果表明,该算法能够有效求解带平衡约束的圆形布局问题。     

Multiobjective evolutionary optimization of DNA sequences for reliable DNA computing

DNA computing relies on biochemical reactions of DNA molecules and may result in incorrect or undesirable computations. Therefore, much work has focused on designing the DNA sequences to make the molecular computation more reliable. Sequence design involves with a number of heterogeneous and conflicting design criteria and traditional optimization methods may face difficulties. In this paper, we formulate the DNA sequence design as a multiobjective optimization problem and solve it using a constrained multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (EA). The method is implemented into the DNA sequence design system, NACST/Seq, with a suite of sequence-analysis tools to help choose the best solutions among many alternatives. The performance of NACST/Seq is compared with other sequence design methods, and analyzed on a traveling salesman problem solved by bio-lab experiments. Our experimental results show that the evolutionary sequence design by NACST/Seq outperforms in its reliability the existing sequence design techniques such as conventional EAs, simulated annealing, and specialized heuristic methods.     

多学科设计优化中的智能算法比较*

对多学科设计优化领域中涉及的几种智能优化算法的特点进行了总结.在此基础上提出了时间、精度、解决问题的个数等几个比较指标,首次将精度作为比较指标,并且创新性地提出一个针对工程问题的有效比较指标,即短时寻优能力.通过对所选取的系列案例运行得到一系列对工程问题有指导意义的结论,手机实例验证了所得到的结论的正确性.     

Multiobjective optimization and hybrid evolutionary algorithm to solve constrained optimization problems.

This paper presents a novel evolutionary algorithm (EA) for constrained optimization problems, i.e., the hybrid constrained optimization EA (HCOEA). This algorithm effectively combines multiobjective optimization with global and local search models. In performing the global search, a niching genetic algorithm based on tournament selection is proposed. Also, HCOEA has adopted a parallel local search operator that implements a clustering partition of the population and multiparent crossover to generate the offspring population. Then, nondominated individuals in the offspring population are used to replace the dominated individuals in the parent population. Meanwhile, the best infeasible individual replacement scheme is devised for the purpose of rapidly guiding the population toward the feasible region of the search space. During the evolutionary process, the global search model effectively promotes high population diversity, and the local search model remarkably accelerates the convergence speed. HCOEA is tested on 13 well-known benchmark functions, and the experimental results suggest that it is more robust and efficient than other state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature in terms of the selected performance metrics, such as the best, median, mean, and worst objective function values and the standard deviations.     

多目标遗传算法及在过程优化综合中的应用

化工过程的多目标优化综合问题可归结为多目标混合整数非线性规划(MOMINLP)模型的求解,求解方法主要有数学规划法和多目标进化算法。以多目标遗传算法(MOGA)为代表的进化算法被认为是特别适合求解此类问题。遗传算法大多用于单目标问题的优化,近十几年来将遗传算法应用到多目标优化的研究得到了很大的发展。本文对多目标遗传算法的一些重要概念、发展历程进行了回顾。针对化工过程的模型特点,对MOGA在过程综合中的应用研究进行了讨论,并认为混合遗传算法应是求解此类问题的有效算法。     

Intelligent evolutionary algorithms for large parameter optimization problems

This work proposes two intelligent evolutionary algorithms IEA and IMOEA using a novel intelligent gene collector (IGC) to solve single and multiobjective large parameter optimization problems, respectively. IGC is the main phase in an intelligent recombination operator of IEA and IMOEA. Based on orthogonal experimental design, IGC uses a divide-and-conquer approach, which consists of adaptively dividing two individuals of parents into N pairs of gene segments, economically identifying the potentially better one of two gene segments of each pair, and systematically obtaining a potentially good approximation to the best one of all combinations using at most 2N fitness evaluations. IMOEA utilizes a novel generalized Pareto-based scale-independent fitness function for efficiently finding a set of Pareto-optimal solutions to a multiobjective optimization problem. The advantages of IEA and IMOEA are their simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. It is shown empirically that IEA and IMOEA have high performance in solving benchmark functions comprising many parameters, as compared with some existing EAs.     

正交演化算法在继电器体积优化设计中的应用

继电器产品的优化设计是在给定的负载条件或环境条件下,在对继电器产品的性态、几何尺寸关系或其他因素限制约束范围内,确定设计参数、目标函数、约束条件以形成优化设计模型,并选择恰当的优化方法以获得最佳设计方案的一系列工作。继电器的体积数学模型涉及到机、电、磁、热等方面,其目标函数和约束函数均是高度非线性的。传统演化算法求解问题时容易陷入局部极小值。在简单演化算法的基础上,结合正交实验法的基本思想,将其应用于演化算法的种群初始化、交叉算子,并引入自适应正交局部搜索来防止局部收敛,得到了一种新型的正交演化算法。通过一系列数值实验验证了该算法的高效性。     

Expected runtimes of evolutionary algorithms for the Eulerian cycle problem

Evolutionary algorithms are randomized search heuristics, which are applied to problems whose structure is not well understood, as well as to problems in combinatorial optimization. They have successfully been applied to different kinds of arc routing problems. To start the analysis of evolutionary algorithms with respect to the expected optimization time on these problems, we consider the Eulerian cycle problem. We show that a variant of the well-known (1+1)$(1+1)$ EA working on the important encoding of permutations is able to find an Eulerian tour of an Eulerian graph in expected polynomial time. Altering the operator used for mutation in the considered algorithm, the expected optimization time changes from polynomial to exponential.