原州区地方水利建设资金情况调研

固原市原州区位于宁夏南部山区,属于贫甲天下的"西海固"地区,生产水平低下,经济落后,水利基础设施建设长期依赖国家和自治区投资。本文通过对2011年和2012年地方水利建设资金的落实情况进行了调研,初步提出了一些对策和建议。     

福建大力推进农村电气化建设为建成海峡西岸繁荣带提供保障

一、15年来农村水电初级电气化建设取得的成就 1.促进了地方电力的蓬勃发展,是一项光明工程 一是电源建设高速发展。2000年底,福建省地方拥有电力装机容量300.2万kW,其中实施农村电气化建设的15年累计新增装机185万kW,增量     

加速地方电力发展 满足城乡用电需求

甘肃省水力资源丰富,全省水力资源理论蕴藏量1724万kW,可开发量1051万kW,其中中小型可开发量498万kW。“八五”期间,在改革开放的大好形势下,我省地方电力建设与管理工作步入了历史最好时期。全省新增小水电装机6.7万kW,占小水电总装机规模的三分之一。1995年底,全省小水电装机容量达到22.2万kW,年发电     

三明110kV地方电网的建设

目前,三明市地方经济的发展受电力“瓶颈”制约因素很大。为了解决这一问题,市委、市府提出了沙溪航电综合开发的意见并已逐步实施。高砂电站(5万kW)施工已进入高峰期,斑竹电站(4.5万kW)也已开工,竹洲(5万kW)、沙县城关(4.8万kW)等电站也即将上马。无疑沙溪航电综合开发对缓解电力矛盾改善交通条件,促进地方经济的发展起着一定的作用。     

新形势下加强地方高校研究生党支部建设思考

加强研究生党支部建设是加强高校党建工作的客观要求。伴随着研究生教育的改革与发展,地方高校的研究生教育得到了空前发展,党建任务日益繁重。针对新形势下地方高校研究生党支部建设出现的新问题和新情况,加强和改进党建工作要结合做好大学生思想政治教育工作,满足培养和造就高素质人才的迫切需要,要围绕支部的组织建设、制度建设、教育和活动载体建设及开展形式等方面进行,不断开拓和创新地方高校研究生党支部建设途径。     

农田水利建设保障机制的重大改革--《关于建立农田水利建设新机制的意见》解读

2005年10月，国务院办公厅转发了国家五部委《关于建立农田水利建设新机制的意见》（以下简称《意见》）。由于我国农田水利建设的形势变化深刻，投入政策、组织与管理方式等需要调整的力度很大，据了解《意见》出台后，各地反响强烈，在对《意见》给予积极评价的同时，也对如何理解和吃透文件精神提出了一些问题，希望作些解释和说明，具体为农田水利建设范围广、内容多，《意见》有无明确的使用范围；《意见》的条文大多比较原则，贯彻执行时如何把握；各地在制定本地实施意见时如何突出重点。体现地方特色；如何处理原则性与灵活性的关系，以保障实施效果等。 近一段时间，各地围绕如何实施《意见》做了大量积极而富有成效的工作，如北京市在制定本市实施意见过程中，专门邀请起草《意见》的人员座谈，了解《意见》出台的背景、过程和对一些主要条文的深度考虑等，以便在吃透原文的基础上，使制定的实施意见符合农村实际，具有北京特色，体现政府行为。广西、云南等省（自治区）在起草本省（自治区）实施意见前，也对《意见》的有关问题或全面了解，或重点咨询，目的也是要吃透原文，再结合本地实际，出台自己的实施意见。目前，大部分省（自治区）的实施意见正在制定和出台过程中。还有些省（自治区）没有制定实施意见，而是直接转发《意见》。 为了帮助各地全面了解制定《意见》的背景和目的，以便在执行过程中准确把握，本刊请水利部农村水利司有关领导和专家对《意见》进行了解读。期待各地尽快建立起符合实际、具有地方特色的农田水利建设新机制。[编者按]     

大中型水利工程建设地方配套资金筹集方法探讨

目前大中型水利工程投资主要由中央专项资金、省财政资金及市县配套资金三部分组成.如何保证工程建设资金特别是地方配套资金足额到位,已成为制约工程能否完工的关键问题.临沂市在近几年大中型水利工程的建设实践中,积极研究、探讨配套资金的筹措方式,主要包括：财政支持、水利规费补助、受益乡镇分担、优惠政策筹资、地方政府综合协调捆绑使用基建投资、市场融资和政府贷款等,取得了一些成效。     

在全省地方电力工作会议上的讲话

同志们： 这次全省地方电力工作会议，是在我省社会主义新农村建设顺利开局、“工业强省”战略强力启动、地方电力体制改革深入推进的形势下召开的。会议的任务十分明确，就是围绕“十一五”四川经济社会发展总体目标，突出新农村建设的时代主题，科学谋划和积极推进新形势下全省地方电力工作。刚才，忠孝同志代表省水利厅、省地电局做了工作报告，总结了“十五”全省地方电力工作成绩，提出了“十一五”发展思路，部署了2006年工作任务。希望各地认真抓好贯彻落实。     

地方节水型社会制度体系的框架

"十二五"时期是我国加快建设节水型社会的关键时期,在此过程中,制度建设的核心地位将进一步凸显。针对当前我国地方节水型社会制度建设存在的总体控制制度缺位、分项操作制度不完善、基础保障体系不健全等三大突出问题,基于对节水型社会制度体系的理论基础研究,提出了地方节水型社会制度体系的"金字塔"逻辑结构,并基于最严格水资源管理制度和节水经济调节机制提出了地方节水型社会制度体系的框架,可作为我国地方推进节水型社会制度建设的参考依据。     

坚持改革发挥国家和地方办电的积极性——加快隔河岩水电站建设的初步体会

隔河岩水电站是开发清江的第一个工程,设计最大坝高151m,总库容34亿m~3,兴利库容22亿m~3,装机容量为120万kW,年发电30.4亿kW·h。它作为华中电网调峰调频的骨干电站,具有发电、防洪、航运等综合效益。1986年5月,赵紫阳、李鹏等中央领导同志视察湖北时,确定隔河岩水电站立即着手建设;8月,国家计委委托中国国际工程咨询公     

长江中游四大家鱼发江生态水文因子分析及生态水文目标确定

基于长江中游四大家鱼发江量历次调查数据,采用宜昌站作为长江中游水文情势变化分析的控制站,基于其1900~2004年共105年的日径流资料,采用每年5~6月涨水过程数、总涨水日数、平均每次涨水过程日数等3项生态水文指标,分析了四大家鱼发江量与3项生态水文因子的变化关系,认为产卵场所处江段每年5~6月的总涨水日数是决定家鱼苗发江量多寡的一个重要环境因子。根据IHA方法,对宜昌站105年来的生态水文指标分析表明,长江宜昌站生态水文过程的改变并不明显,5~6月总涨水日数变化趋势不显著,显示长江中游影响四大家鱼苗发江量的生态流量过程改变不明显,与前人得出的葛洲坝枢纽修建后四大家鱼的产卵条件和卵苗江汛规律没有变化这一认识一致。但是,随着三峡水库的运行,下游河道的生态环境流量过程会有较大改变,本文建议三峡水库的调控以保障长江中游每年5~6月的总涨水日数维持在22.1±7.2范围内为生态水文目标,即可从生态环境流量过程方面补偿水利工程对中游四大家鱼鱼苗发江量的影响。     

Seminar on Water and Energy,Stockholm, Sweden,August 21, 2005

Abstract

In Europe the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will have major implications for water resources management. Part of the Directive requires Member States to implement a comprehensive system of controls (licences) on the allocation and abstraction (withdrawal) of surface and groundwater resources. This paper describes the development of a procedure to help assess and set abstraction licences for agricultural irrigation. The methodology is described with reference to Scotland, a country with limited abstraction control previously and where irrigation is supplemental to rainfall. The methodology combines spatial climatic information using a Geographical Information System (GIS) with data derived from a water balance computer model. The procedure enables the volumetric irrigation demand in a ‘design’ dry year for a given site to be estimated, taking into account local variations in climate, soil type, land use and irrigation practices. The approach provides a scientifically robust framework to allow the regulatory authority to assess the ‘reasonable’ water requirements of individual irrigators and hence develop allocations to satisfy the range of competing demands (e.g. agriculture, industry, and environment) on water resources. The methodology is applicable in other temperate countries where water abstraction controls are required and where appropriate datasets are available. The application of the procedure and its methodological limitations are described.     

Stakeholder-driven,enquiry-driven,or stakeholder-relevant,enquiry-driven science?

There is currently debate within the international hydrological community on whether hydrological science should give priority to providing measurements, knowledge, and understanding pre-determined as being needed by stakeholders, or priority to more basic enquiry-driven science that will stimulate the continued health and growth of hydrology as an important Earth science discipline. Two recent major international initiatives in hydrology reflect these two perspectives. One, the Hydrology for the Environment, Life, and Policy (HELP) program, is primarily fostered by UNESCO-IHP and is focused on stimulating the stakeholder-driven hydrological science required in specific catchments that have become members of a global network. The second, the decade on Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), which is appropriately managed by IAHS, is primarily driven by scientific enquiry and is focused on creating new scientific methods and understanding, albeit with practical application ultimately in mind. This paper summarizes the nature, origins, growth, and progress of these two international programs but also describes the subtly different approach that has been adopted by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA). NSF is a federal agency whose primary goal is to ‘enable the future’ by stimulating novel science. Because SAHRA is a federally-funded entity supported by an agency with this goal, the Center clearly cannot operate in stakeholder-driven, response mode in competition with the already effective private U.S. consultancy industry. Nonetheless, SAHRA's mission is to create knowledge and build understanding that will enhance the prospects of sustainable water management in semi-arid regions, especially the southwestern U.S. To resolve this apparent conflict, SAHRA looks ahead to future stakeholder needs and builds its research agenda around selected critical stakeholder-relevant questions that require substantial and sustained investment in basic, multidisciplinary, enquiry-driven science. This paper describes SAHRA's approach and reports on associated research and outreach activities.     

Growth,Reproduction, Mortality,Distribution, and Biomass of Freshwater Drum in Lake Erie

Predominant age-groups in the Lake Erie freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens population were 3, 4, and 5 as determined from gill net, trap net, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl samples. Age and growth calculations indicated that females grew faster than males. However, the length-weight relation did not differ between sexes and was described by the equation: log W = ?5.4383 + 3.1987 log L. Some males became sexually mature at age 2 and all were mature by age 6. Females matured 1 year later than males. Three sizes of eggs were present in ovaries; the average total number was 127,000 per female for 20 females over a length range of 270 to 478 mm. Seasonal analysis of the ovary-body weight ratio indicated that spawning extended from June to August. A total annual mortality rate of 49% for drum aged 4 through 11 was derived from catch-curve analysis. Freshwater drum were widely distributed throughout Lake Erie in 1977–1979, the greatest concentration being in the western basin. They moved into warm, shallow water (less than 10 m deep) during summer, and returned to deeper water in late fall. Summer biomass estimates for the western basin, based on systematic surveys with bottom trawls, were 9,545 t in 1977 and 2,333 t in 1978.     

水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法综述

在总结水-能源-粮食纽带关系研究中, 使用频率较高或潜力较大的 8 种水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法为: 水-能源-粮食纽带关系工具 2.0( WEF Nexus Tool 2.0) ; 生命周期评价( LCA) ; 可计算的一般均衡模型( CGE) ; 系统动力学模型( SD) ; 气候、土地、能源与水资源策略( CLEWS) ; 基于社会生态系统代谢的多尺度综合评价( MuSIASEM ) ; 市场配置/ 市场配置系统集成模型( MARKAL/ TIMES) 和水资源评价规划模型-长期能源替代规划系统 ( WEAP2LEAP) 。通过总结各研究方法的产生、发展及特性, 并引用案例讨论其适用范围, 分析其优缺点和在使用 时需要注意的问题。在此基础上, 对未来水2能源2粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的发展趋势进行讨论, 认为伴随可持 续发展问题关注度的上升与水-能源-粮食纽带关系内在机理的挖掘, 未来的水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法将 更加注重量化的精确性和数据的互通以及跨学科研究和多方法的耦合。本文可为水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的选择和更新优化提供参考。     

Survival,Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub,Gila Cypha,in the Little Colorado River,Arizona

Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpback chub living in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ from 2001–2002 and 2009–2013. We divided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark‐recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site‐specific and year‐specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river‐wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from 1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary's carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.