论粘胶纤维细旦化的发展方向

论述了发展细旦粘胶纤维的必要性，简要地评述了世界和我国细旦粘胶纤维的发展现状，提出了在我国发展细旦粘胶纤维的若干建议。     

涤纶细旦长丝后加工油剂的研制

介绍了新型涤纶细旦长丝后加工油剂的研制过程，油剂的性能以及油剂的使用方法。     

细旦和超细旦纤维现状及前景

综述了细旦、超细旦纤维的发展状况，介绍了细旦和超细旦纤维特性、用途、制造方法以及我国大陆和台湾省、日本、美国、西欧的生产现状，并提出了发展细旦和超细旦纤维的建议。     

细旦粘胶长丝的生产工艺优化

在常规半连续离心式纺丝机上生产细旦粘胶长丝,针对细旦丝的生产特点及存在的问题,对原有工艺技术做出相应调整,优化了细旦丝的生产工艺条件,细旦丝可纺性良好,产品质量优良。     

涤纶细旦变形丝加工性能分析

通过对涤纶细旦DTY和细旦DTY网络丝的试验,探讨了影响细旦POY后加工性能的主要因素,认为在 SDS-800A 假捻机上加工涤纶细旦变形丝是可行的.对假捻器摩擦盘进行试验证实聚氨酯(PU)盘对加工细旦丝具有优越性.     

三异细旦高弹涤纶复合纱的生产工艺

对细旦T400复合弹性纤维的纺丝工艺以及以细旦T400复合弹性纤维与细旦涤纶POY复合生产三异细旦高弹涤纶复合纱的假捻变形工艺进行了分析。实验证明:控制好纺丝工艺制得合适的双组分并列复合弹性纤维T400POY,然后在假捻变形加工过程中与细旦涤纶POY网络复合,可以制得弹性好、手感柔软、绒感风格独特的异成分、异线密度、异收缩的三异细旦高弹涤纶复合纱。     

150dtex／114f细旦涤纶复合网络丝生产工艺探讨

本文介绍了１５０ｄｔｅｘ／１１４Ｆ细旦涤纶复合网络丝的生产设备、所用原料及工艺参数，着重讨论纺丝温度，卷绕成形及复合网络工艺条件的控制问题。     

细旦粘胶纤维生产技术探讨

对粘胶细旦纤维生产中影响成品内在质量的几点关键技术进行分析探讨,指出纺丝胶内在质量是纺制细旦纤维的前提条件,合理的喷丝头设计、匹配的牵伸分配是生产细旦纤维的关键技术,以良好的纺丝酸浴条件减少细旦纤维疵点的产生。     

国内外聚丙烯纤维综述

近年来，细旦聚丙烯纤维正在成为一种理想的服用面料纤维．本文对国内外细旦聚丙烯纤维的发展历史和最新进展作了评述，并详细地分析了细旦聚丙烯纤维的特性及其在服用方面的应用。     

涤纶细旦丝的结构与工艺特征

细旦丝在单丝纤度、表面形态和超分子结构等方面从制造过程到成品均具有明显的特征。从结构和性能方面分析,细旦丝的最大单丝纤度应不超过1.5dtex(1.3D)。细旦丝的生产工艺要适应细旦丝的结构。文中着重从仿真丝的角度讨论了各参数的影响,并强调了网络加工的重要性。     

注流孔结构对中间包流场影响的物理模拟

针对某钢厂十流中间包紊流抑制器注流孔结构不合理引起流场分布差、各流铸坯质量不均的问题,运用相似原理,使用相似比为1:3的物理模型进行水模型实验,设计不同的注流孔结构研究流体在中间包的平均停留时间曲线及流场显示特征,明晰注流孔结构对中间包流场的影响规律,优化紊流抑制器注流孔结构,达到中间包流场优化及浸入式水口各流一致性提高的目标。结果表明,长距离多流中间包在无堰坝结构条件下,紊流抑制器的注流孔内径尺寸、数量及开孔方向对中间包流场都有影响,注流孔内径的影响最为显著,数量次之。设计的最佳注流孔内径由原型的53 mm缩小至30 mm,死区比例由54.05%降至34.69%,F曲线最大标准差由0.0154降低至0.0035,中间包流场得到改善,各流一致性显著提高。当注流孔数量由1个增加至3个,死区比例由34.69%增大至46.05%,F曲线最大标准差由0.0035增大到0.0062,注流孔数目越多,流场死区比例反而越大,各水口流场的一致性越差。对长距离多流中间包,建议主要通过适当改变注流孔内径及减少孔数来改善中间包流场,提高各流一致性。     

Influence of capillary condensation on heat and mass transfer in the grain of a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst

A mathematical model of heat and mass transfer processes in the grain of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst is presented that takes into account the effect of the capillary condensation of the products of the synthesis in the pores of the catalyst. The influence of capillary condensation on the processes of the diffusion transfer of heat and mass in the catalyst grain is analyzed using the proposed model. Dependences of the efficiency factor of the grain on the pressure and temperature of the process and the partial pressure of various components of a mixture are presented. The possibility of determining the optimum pressure and temperature of carrying out the process for the catalyst of a certain structure is shown.     

含缩水甘油基／氨基丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液的聚合稳定性

研究了乳胶粒组成对含有缩水甘油基,羧基和胺基的丙烯酸酯多层核壳型乳液聚合稳定性的影响规律,探讨了聚合过程的凝聚机理。研究表明：官能团间的交联凝聚作用和水溶性聚合物的架桥凝聚作用是本体系凝聚物形成的主要原因。     

An increase in thermodynamic efficiency and compactness of contact apparatuses via spatially organized structure of the active material bed

The possibility of filling the hollow input (diffuser) and output (confuser) sections of contact apparatuses by an active material is analyzed. The equation determining the distribution function of the sizes of material particles along the axis of a conelike apparatus, which provides the minimum volume of the bed of particles at the specified values of the total surface area of the interfacial contact in the bed and total flow resistance of the bed, is derived. It is shown that the change in the conventional shape of the apparatus to a construction in the form of a junction of two truncated cones filled with the active material allows one to decrease the total volume of the apparatus by 30%. The dependence of the thermodynamic efficiency and compactness of the regenerative facility on the particle size of the active material bed is numerically analyzed. The existence of a critical particle size which determines the minimum necessary volume of the bed providing high thermodynamic efficiency of the process is shown.     

Manifestation of the Urbach rule in the fundamental electronic absorption spectra of halide salt melts: I. Tails of the absorption edge of alkali metal halide melts

The long-wavelength tails of the fundamental electronic absorption spectra of alkali metal halide melts have been investigated. The obtained values of the absorption characteristics of the alkali metal halide melts have confirmed the assumption that, over a wide temperature range (600–900°C), the exponential tail of the absorption coefficient of these disordered systems is associated with the presence of the spectrum of fluctuating electronic levels extended to the band gap in the melts under investigation. The fulfillment of the Urbach rule is the limiting case of the general exponential dependence of the optical absorption coefficient in the ultraviolet region of the fundamental absorption edge. In the studied series of melts of alkali metal halide salts, the absorption coefficient in the region of tails of the spectral curves of the halide systems decreases from LiCl to CsCl and from LiCl to LiI. An analysis of the results obtained from the investigation of alkali metal halides has revealed an interrelation between the main parameters of the Urbach rule and between these parameters and the temperature coefficient of the band gap.     

玻璃纤维增强制件注射成型过程的模具磨损原因及规律

玻璃纤维增强聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）薄壁制件注射成型过程中,易对模具型芯产生磨损,从而严重影响制件成型品质。以某型号手机听筒薄壁制件为例,根据生产实践分析了型芯表面的微观磨损特性,采用数值计算方法研究了型腔近壁面的熔体流动行为以及型芯表面材料的冲蚀破坏形式与磨损规律。结果表明,注塑过程中型芯表面材料发生冲蚀磨损形成月牙形凹槽,型腔近壁面上的熔体流速决定了月牙形凹槽的形貌和尺寸,玻璃纤维粒子的入射角和倾角决定了型芯表面材料的冲蚀破坏形式,冲蚀磨损量随着玻璃纤维粒子侧倾角的增大不断增加,随着入射速度的增大呈指数型增加。     

The electrochemistry of alloys

The features of the dissolution of the components of alloys forming solid solutions were examined. It was shown on the example of the anodic dissolution of alpha-brass that the process of the selective dissolution of zinc observed in the initial period is limited by the stage of its non-stationary diffusion from the bulk of the alloy and is subsequently replaced by uniform dissolution. During prolonged corrosion of brass, secondary selective dissolution is observed, which is due to the re-deposition of copper.It was established that intensive preferential dissolution of iron from Fe-Cr alloys takes place in the passive region and leads to the enrichment of the passivating chromium film. The results obtained from an investigation of the dissolution of the components of Fe-Cr-Mo alloys in the active region permit the conclusion that the favourable effect of small additions of molybdenum on the corrosion stability of alloys is due to the fact that this element, in view of its great inclination to passivation, blocks the most active centres of the surface in the process of its dissolution.In order to establish the mechanism of the active dissolution of Fe-Cr, alloys, the effect of the potential and pH of sulphate solutions on the partial dissolution rates of iron and chrome from these alloys in the active state was established. It was shown that the Tafel slopes and the order of magnitude of the reaction for the H⁺ ions for both components were the same and close to the corresponding values for pure iron (at low concentrations of chromium in the alloy) or for pure chromium (when the chrome content in the alloys was 13% or more). A mechanism was suggested for the active dissolution of alloys that explained the discovered regularities.     

Mathematical description of the synthesis of butadiene rubber with allowance for the branching of a polymer under conditions of the separate supply of a reaction mixture to the reactors of a cascade

Mathematical modeling of the synthesis of butadiene rubber on a neodymium-based catalytic system under conditions of the separate supply of a reaction mixture to the apparatuses of a cascade is performed. Expressions are derived for calculating the characteristics of the branching of the polymer with allowance for the additional supply of the reaction mixture to the second apparatus of the cascade. An analysis of the influence of the flow rate of an additional stream of the reaction mixture to the second apparatus of the cascade and operating parameters on the molecular weight characteristics and branching of the polymer is performed.     

水泥预粉磨装备及技术发展现状的分析

重视预粉磨装备及技术的发展,就是重视水泥联合(半终)粉磨工艺系统的粉磨效果。联合(半终)粉磨系统中充分利用了料床预粉磨段粗处理的技术特性,同时发挥了管磨机段独有的磨细与整形功能,真正实现了“分段粉磨”过程中两段之间的优势互补。预粉磨段主机的吸收功耗越大,管磨机段主电机电耗降低越多,系统的总节电效果越显著。随着预粉磨段主电机功率与管磨机主电机装机功率比值的增加,预粉磨段处理能力进一步增大,投入的功耗越多,整个粉磨系统电耗降低的幅度也更大。在水泥粉磨生产线改造过程中,将高压力多辊外循环立磨用于预粉磨段,是降低粉磨电耗的发展方向之一。辊压机联合(半终)水泥粉磨系统中辊压机的吸收功耗至少应≥9.0 kWh/t,高值可以达到12.0 kWh/t,在此范围内越高越好。辊压机联合(半终)粉磨系统中,辊压机运行常常表现为不够平稳、时有偏辊现象发生、液压系统压力输出不稳定、操作不灵敏、液压系统现场“跑冒滴漏”严重、控制关键元器件购置困难等。建议采用辊压机SPC控制系统进行改造,以确保辊压机应保持稳定和较高的工作压力,确保良好的挤压做功能力,确保有更多的细粉产出,有利于系统高效低耗运行。     

Die differentielle Doppelschichtkapazität an der Phasengrenze Quecksilberanorganischer Elektrolyt—II. Das Kapazitätsminimum

In the negative range of charge, the differential double-layer capacitance at the interface of mercury and an inorganic electrolyte solution shows a characteristic minimum. This minimum is independent of the nature of the ion, of the concentration of electrolyte and of the temperature. However, the solvent strongly influences the capacitance of the minimum. The metal charge at which the minimum occurs is uninfluenced only by the temperature. Changes of the concentration of the electrolyte as well as of the nature of the anion are able to cause a shift of the minimum.