时变速度和阻尼激励下地铁齿轮传动系统的动力学响应分析

为探究地铁不同车速阻尼对传动系统非线性动力学响应的影响,建立地铁斜齿轮弯-扭-轴动力学模型,模型考虑了齿轮副啮合过程中产生的时变啮合刚度、啮合误差以及间隙非线性等系统参数,以及地铁运行工况下的外部参数。通过对六自由度系统微分方程的无量刚处理以及方程归一化,运用变步长四阶Runge-Kutta数值积分法对齿轮动力学模型进行数值分析,获得齿轮系统动态响应状态图。借助时间历程图、相平面图、庞加莱截面图和分岔图等系统状态判定标准,定性分析系统激励频率、啮合阻尼比变化下系统周期运动、拟周期运动、分岔和混沌运动等的演化历程。结果表明,当地铁高速运转、啮合阻尼比大时斜齿轮传动系统运动稳定。最后通过实验验证了其正确性。     

端曲面齿轮传动系统的非线性动态特性

为了研究端曲面齿轮传动系统的非线性动态特性以及参数对系统动态特性的影响，建立了端曲面齿轮系统的非线性动力学模型；选取无量纲啮合频率为控制参数，通过分岔图、相图、时间历程图、Poincaré映射图，研究了系统的动力学特性。研究表明，系统经跳跃分岔由无冲击状态转迁为单边冲击状态，随后经连续的倍化分岔通向混沌运动；当增大综合传动误差或减小转矩时，系统无冲击状态区域逐渐收缩，跳跃分岔值和倍化分岔值发生超前，使系统提前发生跳跃现象；无冲击—单边冲击的转迁方式发生改变，亚谐运动区域逐渐扩展并发生前移，系统运动类型增多，运动周期数增大，混沌运动区域逐渐扩大，系统稳定性下降。     

星型齿轮系统定常吸引子共存现象的研究

建立了星型齿轮系统的非线性动力学计算模型，并肜数值方法进行了求解，研究了4自由度有间隙的非线性星型齿轮系统稳态响应的定常吸引子共问题，分别对在3种参数情况下各自在不同的初值条件下得到的共存的简谐，非谐单周期，次谐波和准周期稳态响应做了比较，通过分析系统各齿轮副的动态啮合力，区分了在齿轮系统中因间隙而导致的齿轮副啮合过程中出现的无冲击状态，单边冲击状态，双边冲击状态，并分析了由于星轮载荷不均匀分布状态和均匀分布状态分别对应的系统稳态响应的共存现象。     

齿侧间隙对星型齿轮传动扭振特性的影响研究

建立了受传递误差和时变啮合刚度激励的星型齿轮传动的间隙型多自由度非线性扭转振动模型,并用自适应变步长Gill数值积分方法进行了求解。结合Poincar啨映射和相平面研究了在不同齿侧间隙下系统出现的简谐、非谐单周期、次谐、拟周期以及混沌响应,并得到了改变间隙时系统的动力学分岔特性。通过分析各齿轮副的动载荷系数变化规律,讨论了各齿轮副啮合状态在非冲击、单边冲击以及双边冲击状态之间的转化过程和齿侧间隙的关系。从理论上分析了齿侧间隙对系统的稳态响应、动载荷等动态特性的影响。     

考虑啮合刚度随机扰动的斜齿轮系统分岔特性研究

为了研究时变啮合刚度的随机扰动对斜齿轮传动系统动力学的影响,基于牛顿定律,建立单对6自由度斜齿轮传动系统的随机动力学模型并进行无量纲化处理。结合系统的分岔图、庞加莱映射图、李雅普诺夫指数图、相图和时间历程曲线图,对考虑啮合刚度随机扰动的斜齿轮传动系统的分岔特性进行分析。数值仿真分析结果表明,斜齿轮的时变啮合刚度在不断增大时,斜齿轮传动系统逐渐从周期运动通过倍化分岔变为混沌运动;随机扰动的增大使系统分岔特性发生变化,提前分岔进入混沌,对系统产生本质影响,故在设计时需选择合理参数,保证系统稳定性。     

不同Poincaré截面上齿轮扭振系统动力学特性分析

以典型的单自由度齿轮扭转振动系统为研究对象,对系统的非光滑动力学特性进行细致研究。定义瞬时接触面和零相位面为Poincaré截面,计算截面上系统的分岔图、最大Lyapunov指数谱和吸引域,得到多吸引子共存现象产生和消失过程中系统全局和局部响应的变化规律;计算截面上系统的分岔图,得到齿轮啮合-脱啮运动的周期性;计算系统的频谱瀑布图,得到系统啮合-脱啮运动频响特性。通过对比,发现齿轮系统在不同Poincaré截面上体现出更加丰富的动力学行为。     

齿面摩擦对齿轮传动系统分岔与混沌特性的影响分析

为研究齿面摩擦对直齿圆柱齿轮传动系统振动特性的影响,建立了包含齿面摩擦在内的六自由度齿轮啮合耦合型动力学模型。模型采用能量法计算齿轮啮合的时变啮合刚度,同时考虑了啮合误差、间隙非线性以及负载扭矩等因素。通过四阶变步长Runge-Kutta积分法对模型进行数值分析,得到齿轮系统随齿面摩擦系数变化下的时间历程图、相位图、Poincare截面图、分岔图等,定性分析了齿轮系统对齿面摩擦变化下的动力学周期、拟周期、分叉和混沌的运动演化历程,并通过实验进行了验证。结果表明,随着齿面摩擦系数的增大,齿轮系统动态特性响应逐渐复杂。     

行星齿轮传动非线性动力学模型与方程

建立了２Ｋ－Ｈ型行星齿轮传动的弯扭耦合非线性动力学模型，模型中考虑了太阳轮的横向振动、齿轮啮合综合误差、齿轮副啮合间隙以及时变啮合刚度，获得了系统的运动微分方程。针对系统微分方程的半正定、变参数和非线性特点，采用以齿轮副相对啮合位移作为系统的广义坐标，将线性与非线性恢复力共存的方程组转换为统一形式的矩阵形式，并对方程进行量纲一化处理，方便地达到了将单自由度的非线性方程的解法推广到多自由度非线性微分方程组中。     

随机扰动下考虑搅油阻力的齿轮动力特性分析

搅油润滑是齿轮系统一种重要的润滑方式,由于润滑油的黏弹性会使浸入其中的齿轮在高速运转时获得额外的阻力,且齿轮系统由于自激振动等因素,时刻存在一些不确定的扰动。因此,综合考虑啮合间隙、时变啮合刚度、传动误差、随机扰动以及搅油阻力等非线性因素,通过拉格朗日法建立了6自由度的直齿轮非线性动力学模型,运用龙格-库塔方法求解得到系统的分岔图、相图、Poincarè图、时间历程图和动态载荷系数（Dynamic load factor,DLF）,综合分析对比了随机扰动下搅油阻力对齿轮系统动态特性的影响。结果表明,随机扰动会使系统的混沌特性发生变化,相图的表现尤为明显,轨迹形状不变,但周期性受到明显影响,周期运动转向准周期运动;在以随机扰动为正常工作状态的条件下,搅油阻力会使得系统提前进入混沌状态。     

考虑齿面摩擦的斜齿轮系统建模及动力学特性分析

为研究斜齿轮传动系统的动力学特性,根据单级斜齿轮副传动情况,建立考虑齿面时变摩擦的5自由度弯—扭—轴耦合传动系统动力学模型。依据重合度对啮合时间进行划分,由Buckingham半经验公式得到齿面摩擦因数随啮合点位置的变化规律。采用变步长Runge-kutta法对系统运动微分方程组进行数值求解,得到系统分岔图、最大Lyapunov指数、最大幅值云图和幅频特性叠加图,分析系统随激励变化的动力学特性。研究发现,系统在特定参数下发生强共振响应及幅值跳跃现象。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.