一种新型大流量高速开关阀

介绍了一种大流量高速开关阀,其采用2D数字伺服阀作为导阀,控制大流量锥阀的二级结构形式,为了减小锥阀阀芯快速关闭而产生的阀芯冲击和阀芯振荡,在锥阀阀芯右端设置有挤压油膜缓冲装置。实验结果表明:在导控压力为21 MPa,锥阀压力7 MPa的工作条件下,大流量高速开关阀的流量高达450 L/min,6 mm的阀芯行程下,阀芯关闭时间大约8 ms。该大流量高速开关阀流量大、响应速度快,阀芯缓冲方案新颖,在大功率、快速性场合有重要应用价值。     

纯水高速开关阀的设计与耦合仿真分析

设计了一种纯水高速开关阀，考虑阀中电磁回路、机械部分、液压系统之间的强耦合作用，建立了耦合数学模型，并利用专用软件构建了耦合仿真模型。仿真发现，当控制脉冲采用过小或过大的占空比时，开关阀流量控制会出现死区及非线性特征；而采用较大占空比时，开关阀流量受压降影响相对较小。由于阀芯与阀套间存在较大的粘性阻尼与摩擦力，阀芯位移的阶跃响应曲线并未出现超调现象，阀芯稳定时间较短，但受电磁铁磁滞的影响，阀芯关闭时间大于开启时间；同时发现阀芯线性度随控制脉冲频率的增大而降低，减小开关阀的开启、关闭时间，有利于扩大阀芯的线性度范围。     

液压支架用大流量换向阀振动冲击分析

大流量电液换向阀的性能好坏直接决定了井下工作面自动化生产效率。针对该阀在使用中易出现的阀芯断裂失效和弹簧损毁的问题,利用AMESim软件研究机械限位行程和阻尼孔对换向阀振动冲击的影响。通过研究发现,机械限位设置不合理容易造成阀芯在开启阶段产生振荡致使弹簧损毁,同时阀芯与机械限位面产生碰撞冲击,致使阀芯薄弱处应力集中并出现疲劳断裂。结果显示,通过合理设计机械限位行程来消除阀芯振荡,同时控制阀芯开启时的加速距离以降低阀芯碰撞速度,减小碰撞应力。合理设计主阀控制腔前端的阻尼孔直径,能在保证阀芯响应速度的前提下进一步大幅减小阀芯与机械限位面的碰撞速度,从而降低碰撞力。     

先导式大流量高速开关阀的关键技术研究

介绍了一种新型的先导式大流量高速开关阀。先导阀采用无弹簧复位式双电磁铁驱动,大大提高了先导阀芯的开、关速度;先导阀结构形式采用二位三通滑阀式结构,加快了主阀芯上腔压力的上升与下降速度,从而提高了主阀芯的开启/关闭速度。试验结果表明,该阀在进口压力8 MPa的情况下,主阀开启/关闭时间均在0.8～1.0 ms之间。在阀口压差为1 MPa的情况下,测得的流量大于49.68 L/min。     

低压下锥阀振荡空化的可视化试验研究

锥阀是压力控制阀中常用的阀结构形式,其阀芯的轴向振荡直接影响着压力控制阀的调压精度和工作稳定性。针对先导级锥阀,运用可视化的试验方法,研究锥阀在弹簧预压缩量不变且开启压力低于2.5 MPa时的阀芯振荡过程和阀口空化现象。结果表明,阀芯的振荡型态与流量密切相关。在流量低于2.0 L/min的失稳振荡现象中,阀芯会撞击阀座,阀口处流场瞬间断流,大量气泡在阀口尾部快速溃灭,并出现明显的回弹现象;在流量高于2.6 L/min的失稳振荡现象中,阀芯不会撞击阀座,阀口处出现有空化和无空化两种情况,且有空化失稳振荡时的阀芯振动和压力波动幅值明显大于无空化时;流量介于2.0~2.6 L/min时,阀芯的失稳振荡处于过渡区间,撞击阀座和不撞击阀座的现象都可能出现。     

基于数字补偿器的比例调速阀特性仿真

现有的比例调速阀通过数字流量补偿方案对流量进行控制,已具有良好的等流量特性。但出现负载扰动时,存在阀芯响应速度慢,流量超调大的问题。结合广义预测控制理论和压差前馈控制理论,设计了一种新型数字补偿器,实现对比例调速阀输出流量的精确控制。首先针对负载扰动引起调速阀性能下降的问题设计了压差前馈控制器,通过对扰动量的补偿减小阀芯冲击;然后依据广义预测控制原理设计流量跟踪控制器,实现阀芯快速的动态响应。利用AMESim与MATLAB/Simulink搭建联合仿真模型,对该阀动静态特性进行分析。仿真结果表明:在负载阶跃时,该阀响应速度快,流量超调小,抗负载干扰能力强,具有较高的静动态特性。     

基于挤压油膜理论的二维电液压力伺服阀稳定性分析

针对飞机液压刹车系统,设计了一种2D电液压力伺服阀,以2D伺服螺旋机构为导阀,通过弹簧与主阀联动,采用直线位移传感器形成闭环位置反馈,精确控制出口压力;基于挤压油膜理论设计阀体结构,增大系统阻尼比,提高系统稳定性;在建立阀和油膜缓冲数学模型的基础上,仿真分析了主阀正开口量与弹簧变形量和主阀输出压力之间的关系,确保该阀具有良好的电流-压力特性;对初始系统、减小开环放大系数和增大系统阻尼比三种情况进行了稳定性仿真分析,验证了引入油膜阻尼缓冲设计的必要性。     

负载敏感液压系统冲击特性仿真研究

针对负载敏感液压系统中流量控制主阀关闭过快导致的系统产生压力冲击的问题,利用AMESim软件建立了负载敏感系统压力冲击仿真模型,对冲击产生的原因进行仿真分析,探究系统流量、主阀关闭时间、负载压力等因素对系统压力冲击的影响。仿真结果表明:系统压力冲击与负载压力无关,与系统流量、主阀关闭时间有关,系统流量越大,主阀关闭时间越短,系统压力冲击值越大。     

全液压压裂车大流量换向阀的设计与分析

为满足全液压压裂车液压系统液压缸的换向需求,设计了大流量换向阀组,重点设计了阀芯、阀套组件;分析了大流量换向阀的原理与结构,建立了其数学模型,基于AMESim软件分析了主阀的开启时间,阀芯位移、速度与先导流量和先导压力的关系,结果表明:适当增大先导压力和先导流量可提高主阀的响应特性;改变主阀端面结构、适当增大先导压力和减小先导流量可解决主阀瞬时流量过大的问题。设计与仿真相结合,缩短了主阀的设计时间,为阀的设计计算提供了参考价值。     

液气缓冲器节流阀的参数优化

在建立液气缓冲器数字仿真模型基础上，进行了节流阀主要参数的性能分析，得到阀口直径、阀芯长度、弹簧预紧力对缓冲器特性的影响规律。将这些主要影响参数设计成参变量，以缓冲效率最大为目标函数，选用改进的遗传算法进行优化计算，得到缓冲器发挥最大效能的节流阀口部分参数组合。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.