空间多机器人协同运动规划研究

面向空间在轨装配任务提出基于优先级的多机器人协同运动规划方法。多机器人系统包括一个7自由度操作机器人和一个13自由度超冗余照明机器人。采用两种规划方法规划高优先级的操作机器人,即关节空间点到点的离线路径规划和基于伪逆的笛卡尔空间在线运动规划。针对低优先级的超冗余照明机器人,将操作机器人视为已知障碍,采用基于A~*算法和末端轨迹跟随的可重构运动规划方法,将运动规划分解为末端路径规划和机器人各关节对轨迹的跟随问题,并验证算法的可重构性。采用具有特定运动学形式的机器人模型进行仿真试验,仿真结果表明,提出的各个机器人的运动规划方法均能有效满足任务需求,且照明机器人的运动规划算法具有可重构性,多机器人系统基于优先级的协同策略能够满足空间在轨装配任务需求。     

基于VisMockup的装配装置仿真与分析

利用VisMockup对建立的集成装配装置数字样机模型进行了装配仿真与分析。介绍了集成装配装置的结构与功能,根据经验初步规划了产品装配顺序,分析了利用装置进行产品装配的路径规划问题,介绍了基于拆卸的产品装配仿真方法,在VisMockup中应用该方法实现了基于装置的产品装配仿真;针对集成装配装置仿真分析的实际需要,开展了角度与距离的测量以及干涉检查分析。通过装配仿真与分析,提前解决了装置的主要装配问题,确定了相关运动参数的数值,直观地验证了操作空间、运动功能以及装配顺序的正确性,为实物样机的快速顺利开发奠定了基础。     

面向协同装配规划的装配单元规划方法

作为复杂产品装配规划的有效求解策略,协同装配规划将复杂产品的装配规划结构按照装配要求分解为简单的子装配规划结构,子装配规划结构的最优或次优装配序列采用成熟的装配规划方法求解,通过装配序列合并得到产品的整体装配序列。协同装配规划所要解决的首要问题是装配规划结构分解,针对这个问题,提出装配单元规划方法。首先从产品可装配性的角度分析了影响装配单元规划的装配设计和装配工艺约束,并对归类的部分装配约束进行量化;进而基于模糊层次分析法生成装配单元决策图,采用最小生成树算法生成候选装配单元。同时,建立装配关系干涉矩阵对候选装配单元进一步验证,生成装配过程中互不干涉的装配单元。以一款电动机装配体为例验证提出的方法,结果表明该方法是一种求解装配规划结构分解问题的有效方法。     

白车身装焊单元点焊机器人路径规划研究

轿车白车身装焊单元,常采用多机器人同时焊接,设备多、机器人工作空间环境复杂,依靠经验方法的路径规划工作量大且难以优化。通过对装焊单元进行分析,在采用商品化的建模与仿真软件对装焊单元进行建模的基础上设计了Probabilistic Roadmap算法自动规划点焊机器人的运动路径。通过对一单机器人装焊单元进行路径规划与仿真验证说明了规划方法的有效性。     

狭窄空间内复杂产品的装配路径规划研究

因为复杂产品的内部空间紧凑,为其规划可行的装配路径困难,所以提出一种基于快速搜索随机树的改进方法,以提高狭窄空间内复杂产品装配路径规划的成功率与效率。该方法以待扩展树节点为中心离散化局部空间,并为路径树的扩展提供多种备选位姿,再根据装配运动的难易程度,提出两种运动策略及对应的评价指标,引导局部路径的扩展。仿真结果表明,此方法在装配路径搜索成功率和效率方面均有提高。     

基于多视觉传感器融合的装配过程质量移动智能检测技术研究

针对航空航天领域大尺寸复杂产品装配过程质量检测过程中检测项目类型多、空间跨度大以及检测环境复杂等问题,提出一种基于多视觉传感器融合的装配过程质量移动智能检测框架。该框架以移动机器人为柔性运动载体,以多视觉传感器融合形成检测单元,可实现复杂产品装配过程质量的自动化、智能化检测。重点分析了基于模型驱动的视点与站位智能规划、基于情境感知的移动机器人自适应数据采集、多源数据融合与装配过程质量综合评定等关键技术,并通过实例验证了所提框架的合理性与有效性。     

基于VRML的机械产品虚拟装配技术研究

简要介绍了VRML语言定义、特点,阐述了机械零部件虚拟建模方法。对虚拟装配流程进行分析,并对产品装/拆运动的表示形式、虚拟装配路径规划及逻辑控制、虚拟装配过程中的碰撞检测方法等关键技术进行了研究,提出了产品装/拆运动12元组表示形式。最后,通过对机械产品交互式虚拟装配进行实例仿真,验证了该技术的可行性和合理性。     

虚拟装配环境下运动副自动识别方法

为有效地减少在装配仿真完成后进行机构运动仿真的前处理工作量,提高机构运动仿真的智能化程度,提出了一种在虚拟装配环境下面向运动仿真的机构运动副自动识别方法。通过提取虚拟装配环境下零部件间的装配约束信息,计算两个相连接零部件间所有约束的约束度,并利用计算所得的约束度自动映射出运动仿真机构中相应的运动副,为机构运动仿真中建立机构信息模型提供了基础信息。结合自主研发的原型系统虚拟装配工艺规划软件,给出了基于虚拟装配系统实现运动仿真的底层数据结构、机构模型的数据结构、信息传递过程和算法实现流程,并通过具体实例验证了方法的有效性。     

基于混合算法的反射面天线面板装配序列规划

为了改善反射面天线面板的装配变形,从装配工艺入手,基于蚁群算法和遗传算法,结合传统的天线反射面装配方法,提出一种天线装配序列规划的混合算法。该算法利用蚁群算法快速得到初始种群,随后使用遗传算法对初始种群进行优化,根据所得优化解生成蚁群算法中路径上的信息素,通过加速蚁群算法最优解信息的积累来更快地得到最优解;同时,建立反射面装配的有限元仿真模型,利用该模型及时对得到的最优解(即装配序列)进行面向装配过程的面板装配变形动态仿真,将仿真结果返回算法中,进一步校正算法并得到最优解。以某工程抛物面天线的面板装配为例,验证了所提混合算法的正确性。     

基于DELMIA的智能工艺体系关键技术研究与运用

针对传统制造和装配工艺规划自动化程度低、周期长、成本高、不能满足现代工艺制造需求的现状,提出了一种基于DELMIA软件系统的智能工艺体系。重点分析了DELMIA中产品-工艺-资源的全局工艺规划、虚拟装配动态仿真关键技术,并通过变速器箱体的机械加工工艺设计与变速器的装配仿真进行了实例验证,最后提出了采用BP神经网络算法对虚拟装配路径进行评价。结果说明,基于DELMIA的智能工艺体系能够显著提高产品的研发效率。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.