土层性质对入射平面P波场地放大效应的影响

采用直接刚度法,在频域内求解了层状弹性半空间中入射平面P波的场地放大效应问题。将控制点选在假想基岩露头,通过集整土层及半空间的动力刚度矩阵,形成整个场地的动力刚度矩阵,利用场地离散动力平衡方程求解土层顶面位移幅值与控制点位移幅值的比值,即放大系数。本文分析了P波入射时,土层性质对刚度增长场地中含刚性土层场地和含软弱土层场地放大效应的影响。得出的结论可帮助预估自由场的地震反应。     

土层性质对入射平面P波场地放大效应的影响

采用直接刚度法,在频域内求解了层状弹性半空间中入射平面P波的场地放大效应问题。将控制点选在假想基岩露头,通过集整土层及半空间的动力刚度矩阵,形成整个场地的动力刚度矩阵,利用场地离散动力平衡方程求解土层顶面位移幅值与控制点位移幅值的比值,即放大系数。本文分析了P波入射时,土层性质对刚度增长场地中含刚性土层场地和含软弱土层场地放大效应的影响。得出的结论可帮助预估自由场的地震反应。     

石灰和水玻璃改良粉土的水稳定性试验研究

通过对泰州某地区粉土添加不同比例的石灰和水玻璃来研究其水稳定性,试验结果表明:在石灰掺量为1%时,改良土的水稳定性极差,浸水24 h后完全崩解,提高石灰掺量或水玻璃掺量均能提升粉土的水稳定性,增加石灰掺量对粉土水稳定性的提高更加显著;石灰掺量相同时,水玻璃掺量越高,石灰和水玻璃改良土的毛细吸水速率越快,水玻璃掺量一定时,石灰掺量越高,石灰和水玻璃改良土的毛细吸水速率先减小后增大;石灰掺量为1%时,改良土的抗冲蚀性能较差,试样冲蚀4 h后破坏较为严重,提高石灰掺量能有效提升土体的抗冲蚀性能。     

含透空结构浮体的微幅振荡辐射特性

基于线性势流理论以及porous-wavemaker理论,针对带有侧立透空薄板、在三自由度（纵荡、垂荡和横摇）内作微幅运动的浮式结构物的波浪辐射问题,利用分离变量法以及边界匹配特征函数展开方法,以解析解的形式,建立该波浪辐射问题的二维无因次理论解析计算模型,得到各流体子区域内速度势函数以及该浮式结构物的无因次附加质量和辐射阻尼系数. 分析在不同的透空薄板透水系数下,该浮体的附加质量和辐射阻尼随无因次波长的变化趋势. 将部分解析计算结果与现有研究成果进行对比分析,一致性较好,验证了针对该问题提出的解析计算模型的正确性. 研究结果表明,在低频范围内,透水薄板的透水系数对该浮式结构物的水动力系数的影响较明显;随着透水能力的增大,该浮式结构物的水动力系数呈现出减小的趋势,这对改善浮式结构物的稳定性具有重要意义.     

列车振动荷载下铁路粉土路基的长期沉降

结合路基粉土在循环荷载下的动力特性试验,提出动回弹模量与累积变形的预估模型.通过动力有限元分析并与现场实测相比较,研究在列车荷载作用下铁路粉土路基的动应力响应.建立列车在运行条件下铁路粉土路基长期沉降的计算方法,探讨列车速度、轴重、轴载次数以及道床、路基参数等对路基长期沉降的影响.研究表明:当线路平顺性较差且路基压实系数不高时,铁路粉土路基的长期沉降随列车速度提高线性增大,随轴载次数增加先快后慢增长,且列车轴重越大或路基压实系数越低,沉降速率越快;当粉土路基压实系数较低时,适当增加道床厚度或提高路基压实系数均能显著减小路基长期沉降;在列车动载下铁路粉土路基的长期沉降存在一个"临界影响深度",路基压实系数越低,影响深度越大.     

非饱和粉土回弹模量的应力依赖性与水敏感性耦合分析

为了研究路基内部应力状态和含水率变化对回弹模量的影响,建立了路基土回弹模量的预估模型。根据室内三轴重复加载试验结果,研究了应力依赖性控制指标的选择,结果表明:体应力变化时,回弹模量不具有单调变化的规律,所以不宜作为应力依赖性的控制指标;而利用围压和偏应力作为控制指标时则能全面的反映回弹模量的变化规律。根据土水特征曲线,利用基质吸力表征含水率的影响,构建应力依赖性和水敏感性的耦合模型,并通过试验结果的拟合验证,发现该模型能够较好地反映回弹模量随应力水平和含水率变化的规律。     

考虑管土分离的基坑开挖引起邻近地下管线位移分析

在城市建设中,深基坑开挖会对邻近既有地下管线产生较大威胁。目前,基于有限元数值模拟和传统弹性地基梁模型分析方法无法考虑由于管线与土体之间刚度和变形的差异性而造成的管土相互分离现象,使得对于基坑开挖引起管线变形的预测偏于不安全。基于Pasternak弹性地基梁理论,引入管土相互分离计算模型,推导了基坑开挖引起的邻近管线变形计算解析解。参数分析结果表明,管线最大位移随管土分离段长度的增大而增大,且当管线抗弯刚度较小时,土体剪切作用对管线变形影响较大。通过理论计算结果和有限元数值模拟结果及现场实测数据的对比,验证了分析模型的适用性。     

沿海沙性淤泥土工程地质特性试验研究

根据某海岸沙性淤泥土的土工试验,分析并总结了该类土的液限、饱和固结快剪试验抗剪强度等物理力学性质与含水量、含沙量的内在联系和规律,对工程设计和地基加固等实际工作中确定该类土的物理、力学性能指标具有一定的参考价值     

用振荡射流抑制蓝藻滋长防止泥沙淤积

按照控制论的"反馈—放大—振荡"原理所构建的双稳态流体自控振荡器,可交替地从其两个输出孔断续地喷射出变向的水射束,从而促使周围水体激烈紊动,加强水中物质的交换能力.振荡射流扰动后,蓝藻能获得的光合能量将降低4倍.由于悬浮功Ws相对于自变量体积含沙量Sv的二阶导数为负值,高含沙浓度的泥浆流不但不会淤积反而会急剧冲刷河床.流控振荡器激扰促紊会导致分层流失稳,从而增大河流输沙能力.     

杭州市粉土的各向异性室内试验研究

工程现场取得杭州市典型的粉土土样,用击实的方法制备重塑粉土试样,按与水平沉积面成不同夹角方向切取土样,进行标准固结试验、直剪快剪及渗透试验,从土体压缩变形、强度和渗透性能三个方面,对重塑粉土各向异性特性进行研究.结果表明:重塑粉土在变形、强度及渗透性三方面都表现出不同程度的、相互关联的各向异性,45°取样方向试样的压缩系数比0°和90°取样方向试样小,其强度与渗透系数也比其它两个方向小.因此,进行粉土地基的变形分析和强度计算时,应考虑各向异性的影响.研究结果对复杂加荷条件下粉土地基的工程实践有一定的参考意义.     

斜齿轮传动的啮合刚度计算及其主共振分析

斜齿轮是机械装备的重要传动元件,其啮合刚度的准确计算和传动系统的稳定性分析具有重要的实际意义。根据斜齿轮轮齿接触线的变化规律,结合斜齿轮单对齿单位长度啮合刚度变化规律和ISO刚度计算准则,提出一种斜齿轮啮合刚度计算方法,分析了不同参数下斜齿轮传动的啮合刚度波动特性;基于分析所得的啮合刚度变化规律建立了斜齿轮传动的动力学模型,并利用多尺度法对动力学模型进行了求解,研究了外加载荷和啮合刚度波动对斜齿轮传动主共振的影响。结果表明：给出的斜齿轮啮合刚度计算方法能够较快速、准确地获取啮合刚度波动变化规律,将其引入斜齿轮动态特性分析中,能够更加准确地反映斜齿轮啮合刚度波动和载荷波动对系统主共振稳定性的影响规律;在其他条件不变时,斜齿轮主共振稳定性随静载荷和啮合刚度波动增加而增加,但较大静载荷会导致主共振频率增大,而且在高频激励下,即使较小的啮合刚度波动也会触发主共振的不稳定;载荷波动增加会使斜齿轮主共振幅值增大,使系统稳定性变差。     

霍拉盆盆地多年冻土环境中地下水类型及赋存规律

对大兴安岭多年冻土区的山间断陷盆地内赋存的冻结层上水及层下水分布,埋藏条件,富水性,水质,补给,径流和排泄条件进行了研究,为多年冻土区寻找饮用水源,提供参考。     

Physical simulation of rock burst induced by stress waves

The behavior of stress wave propagation in rock walls and the process of rock bursts were simulated by application tests of material similar to rock. Results show that 1) the attenuation characteristics of stress waves were related to the material proper-ties, stress waves attenuate more quickly in soft material and 2) when the explosion load was applied at the top of the roadway, the number and the length of the cracks increased with a decrease in the distance between the explosive point and roof of the roadway.When the distance was 280 mm, only some chips appeared near the source, when the distance was 210 mm, some small cracks started to appear near the road-rib and when the distance was reduced to 140 mm, larger cracks appeared at the road-rib. It can be concluded that, under a given stress the number of cracks is closely related to the intensity of stress waves. The cracks in the sur-rounding rock can be reduced by controlling the intensity of the stress waves and rock bursts can be avoided to some extent by pre-venting the formation of layered crack structures. A new experimental approach has been provided for studying rock bursts by using physical simulation.     

Perturbation analysis on post-buckling behavior of pile

The nonlinear large deflection differential equation, based on the assumption that the subsoil coefficient is the 2nd root of the depth, was established by energy method. The perturbation parameter was introduced to transform the equation to a series of linear differential equations to be solved, and the deflection function according with the boundary condition was considered. Then, the nonlinear higher-order asymptotic solution of post-buckling behavior of a pile was obtained by parameter-substituting. The influencing factors such as bury-depth ratio and stiffness ratio of soil to pile, slenderness ratio on the post-buckling behavior of a pile were analyzed. The results show that the pile is more unstable when the bury-depth ratio and stiffness ratio of soil to pile increase, and although the buckling load increases with the stiffness of soil, the pile may ruin for its brittleness. Thus, in the region where buckling behavior of pile must be taken into account, the high grade concrete is supposed to be applied, and the dynamic buckling behavior of pile needs to be further studied.     

Incipient motion of sediment by waves

In this paper, the forces acting on sediment particles are analyzed in all the aspects. Considering the cohesive force between particles, the additional static water pressure induced by the solid-body characteristics of film water and the inertia force of waves, a unified formula of the incipient motion for both coarse and fine particles is defined. The formula can reflect the variation in the initial velocity of fine particles with the volume weight of sediment. The verification of the formula is carried out by use of both experimental data and field observation data accumulated by experts at home and abroad. The verification shows that the formula expresses the law governing the incipient motion of sediment of all particle sizes inclusive of natural sediment and light-weight materials, and thus a basic formula for the study and solution of sediment problems in estuarine and coastal regions is provided.     

平面外地震波入射下场地的动力响应

研究场地在地震作用下的反应,是场地抗震评价的重要任务之一.文中采用基于波传播理论的直接刚度法,分析了刚度增长场地和含有软弱土层的层状场地在平面外SH地震波入射下的动力响应.得出的结论可在一定程度上提前预估自由场地的反应.     

Mechanism analysis of landslide of a layered slope induced by drawdown of water level

1 Introduction The instability of slopes on the river banks and the reactivation of ancient slopes, in- duced by drawdown of water level, are great danger for the local residents and for thehydroelectric engineering. A lot of accidents or disasters relating to the drawdown of water level can be found in literatures. In October 1963, the landslide, near the recently constructed Vajont Reservoir dam at that time, caused the failure of the toppest hyper- bolic arching dam in the world, ruined on…     

埋藏土中塑料薄膜渠道防渗技术在寒冷地区的应用

通过对埋藏土中塑料薄膜渠道防渗工程的塑料薄膜的耐冻胀性能分析、膜上土体稳定性分析和经济分析，表明埋藏土中塑料薄膜渠道防渗技术在寒冷地区可以有效地工作，可广泛推广应用。     

天津海积软土工程性质参数之间关系的初步分析

通过对天津海积软土工程性质参数的统计分析,采用回归分析法确定出液限与塑限的线性关系,并得到压缩系数与含水量、孔隙比之间有一定的线性相关性.同时用相关分析与方差分析方法对计算的效果做了检验.     

海相软土地区基坑开挖的数值模拟分析

在统计连云港海相软土的物理力学特性的基础上,采用二维有限元软件对海相软土场地中基坑开挖的全过程进行了数值模拟,并与粘土场地基坑开挖过程进行了对比,从而总结得到了连云港地区海相软土场地基坑开挖的受力和变形特征．