稀土的重要潜在市场—稀土贮氢材料

本文介绍了稀土贮氢材料的性能、制备和应用,指出稀土贮氢材料是稀土特别是轻稀土的重潜在市场。     

金属氢化物性质与应用

本文介绍了金属氢化物的性质与应用，与及国内外金属氢化物研究的最新动向。     

金属氢化物—镍（MH—Ni）电池

ＮＨ－Ｎｉ电池是近年来碱性蓄电池领域的研究热点。本文介绍了ＭＨ－Ｎｉ电池的性能特征、工作原理、制造工艺以及国际产业化和良好的发展前景。特别报道了贮氢合金成份、镍正极和氢化物负极的制备等方面的最新研究情况。     

热处理对Ti-Mn基Laves相贮氢合金性能的影响

研究了热处理欠化学计量Ti-Mn基贮氢合金性能及组织结构的影响。研究表明，热处理提高了合金的贮氢量，拓宽了合金P-C-T曲线平台，但增加了平台斜率。通过扫描电镜能谱分析及X射线衍射分析发现，热处理增大了合金相的晶格常数及单胞体积，同时有效地提高了合金成分的均匀性，减少了C15型Laves相在合金中的含量；而热处理后平台斜率的增大可能与合金的价电子/原子比有关。     

会呼吸的金属——贮氢合金

生物必须呼吸。但是,你知道吗？有些金属也能呼吸,这些金属能吸入和呼出氢气。金属是怎样呼吸的？这种会呼吸的金属有什么用处吗？在通常状态下,金属中的原子都是按照一定的规律整齐地排列的,我们称之为晶体。而且在晶体内部的原子与原子之间存在着许多空隙,一些较小的原子,如氢、氧、氮、碳等,可以进入到这些空隙中,并在空隙之间运动。特别是氢原子,仅由一个质子和一个电子组成,是最小的原子,几乎可以进入各种金属的内部。进入２０世纪以来,科学家们对金属与氢之间的作用问题进行了长期不懈的研究,取得了大量的研究成果。科学…     

电动汽车用贮氢电池的开发现状及展望

综述了贮氢电池的特点和开发现状，并在此基础上对其发展前景做了初步分析。     

贮氢合金材料研究和应用

本文介绍了贮氢合金材料研究现状及其应用情况     

快淬 TiZrVMnNi 贮氢合金的电化学性能研究

对比研究了熔体旋转和常规铸态Ti0 .8Zr0 .2 Mn0 .5V0 .5Ni1.0 贮氢合金的电化学特性。发现快淬态与铸态合金的活化性能都很好 ,经过 1～ 3次充放电循环 ,就可达到最大放电容量。快淬工艺明显提高了合金的放电容量 ,并且淬速与放电容量之间在一定情况下出现峰值。快淬工艺同时改善合金的放电电压特性 ,使合金的放电平台更平 ,平台电压更高。但是快淬钛基贮氢合金的循环稳定性能和铸态合金一样差 ,放电容量在 10次内急剧衰减。     

低放氢压的Ti-Mn基Laves相贮氢合金

研究了Ti/Zr比与Mn/Cr比变化对Ti Mn基Laves相贮氢合金贮氢性能的影响 ,发现随Ti/Zr比降低 ,合金放氢压降低 ,贮氢量略微增加 ,平台坡度变陡 ;随Mn/Cr比降低 ,合金放氢压降低 ,平台区变短 ,但合金的贮氢量变化不大。Ti0 .85Zr0 .15Mn1.6-yCryV0 .32 Fe0 .0 8系列合金当 0 1≤y≤ 0 2时比较适宜作为小型燃料电池的氢源。     

多元低钴稀土基贮氢合金及其电极特性

本文根据多元合金化原则设计了一系列电极用低钴 AB5型贮氢合金。并对其组织、不同温度和不同倍率的电化学性能、P- C- T特性进行了研究。结果表明 ,用多元合金化降低 Co含量后 ,合金的放电容量虽有不同程度的降低 ,但可明显改善其充放电循环稳定性 ,且各种合金在 2 0℃时 1 C和 0 .2 C的放电比率、0 .2 C充放电时 40℃和2 0℃的放电比率均基本保持不变。低 Co合金具有更低的平台压。     

Study on Kinetics of Hydrogen Absorption by Metal Hydride Slurries Ⅰ. Absorption of Hydrogen by Hydrogen Storage Alloy MlNi_5 Suspended in Benzene

Ｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎｓｔｏｒａｇｅａｌｌｏｙｈａｖｅａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｍｕｃｈａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｌａｒｇｅｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｆｏｒｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎｓｔｏｒａｇｅｃｏｕｐｌｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｒｒｅａｄｙｒｅｌｅａｓｅｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｔｍｏｄｅｒａｔｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒａｂｉｌｉｔｙｔｏｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｍａｎｙｃｙｃｌｅｓｏｆａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎａｎｄｄｅｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｌｉｔｔｌｅｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ…     

Hydrogen Absorption Thermodynamic Properties of Rare-Earth Based Hydrogen Storage Alloy in Benzene

Ｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｂａｓｅｄｈｙ ｄｒｏｇｅｎｓｔｏｒａｇｅａｌｌｏｙｓｃａｎａｂｓｏｒｂ/ｄｅｓｏｒｂａｌａｒｇｅａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｔｒｏｏｍｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙｆｏｒｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎｓｅｐａｒａ ｔｉｏｎ ,ｐｕｒｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ,ａｎｄｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔａｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｎｔｈｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ ,ｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏａｖｏｉｄｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｓｕｃｈａｓｔｈｅｏｂｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｔｏｇａｓ…     

用HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液对AB_5型储氢合金表面改性的研究

用ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ缓冲溶液对ＡＢ５型储氢合金进行表面改性，通过ＸＲＤ、化学分析和恒电流充放电方法进行比较研究发现：这一方法没有改变合金的主体结构，但改变了合金表面层中的元素组成，这对于储氢合金的初期容量的提高有一定作用。     

Reduction of Mixing in Jet-Fed Water Storage Tanks

Contrary to usual mains-water practice, mixing in water storage tanks used in rainwater harvesting systems is undesirable because pathogen die-off can occur in the unmixed water prior to its extraction for use. The principal cause of mixing in these tanks is the momentum of the inflow during a rainfall event. We investigate the effect of inflow-jet configuration on the proportion of stored water in a tank which mixes with the slightly cooler inflow of rooftop water. Scale experiments are conducted which show that the nondimensional height of the mixing front above the jet inlet is proportional to the inflow-jet densimetric Froude number for both single and multijet arrangements of various geometries. For each arrangement a coefficient of mixing is found. The results are then used to assess the level of mixing in full-scale rooftop rainwater harvesting storage tanks and determine whether residence time in such tanks is a viable strategy for pathogen reduction. For such applications, a radial manifold of jets outwardly directed from the tank center is found to be the most promising.     

热处理对快淬贮氢合金组织和电化学性能的影响

通过XRD、SEM分析和电化学实验,研究了热处理对快淬贮氢合金组织和电化学性能的影响。研究表明,400℃热处理对快淬合金晶粒变化不明显,900℃热处理后合金晶粒明显长大,1100℃热处理使合金部分熔化,随后发生了平衡凝固;900℃热处理后,单胞体积和放电容量均达到最大值,但充放电循环稳定性最差,400℃和1100℃热处理后,放电容量稍有降低,但充放电循环稳定性较好。     

Mixing in Water Storage Tanks. I: No Buoyancy Effects

The results of extensive experiments on jet-induced mixing in water storage tanks are reported in two papers. The experiments were conducted on three styles of storage tanks using a newly developed three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (3DLIF) system that can measure the whole field of tracer concentrations in the tanks and its temporal evolution through the mixing process. Various inlet geometries were tested for each tank style. In this paper, the results of experiments with no buoyancy effects are given. The 3DLIF technique enabled complex flow patterns to be observed such as a donut-shaped dead zone that inhibited mixing in ground-level cylindrical tanks. Values of dimensionless mixing times are presented that enable comparisons of the mixing efficiency of different inlet configurations and allow prediction of mixing times in prototype tanks. For cylindrical tanks, the dimensionless mixing time increases with increasing depth-to-diameter ratio. Vertical nozzles at the bottom mixed most efficiently. If a single vertical nozzle is used, placing it near a sidewall is preferred. Mixing becomes somewhat more rapid as the number of nozzles increase. Mixing times for rectangular tanks are generally similar to cylindrical tanks. The use of a tube intended to enhance mixing actually inhibited mixing in standpipe tanks.     

Mixing in Water Storage Tanks. II: With Buoyancy Effects

Experiments on jet-induced mixing in water storage tanks with various single- and multiple-nozzle inlet configurations with positive and negative density differences between the inflow and stored water were conducted. Mixing was observed and quantified by a three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence system. Small density differences can prevent mixing, and criteria to predict whether mixing occurs were presented. It depends primarily on the total inflow momentum flux, density difference, water depth, and nozzle locations and orientations. When the tanks did mix, their mixing times were generally within 20% of the corresponding times with no density differences. Some flows with negative buoyancies mixed significantly more quickly, possibly due to the destruction of the organized gyres that occurred with no buoyancy. Good mixing can be achieved by injecting positively buoyant inflows horizontally at the bottom, or negatively buoyant inflows horizontally near the water surface, resulting in long jet entrainment path lengths. Mixing of vertical negatively buoyant inflows in standpipes can be improved by the use of a draft tube. Mixing can usually be accomplished by relatively simple nozzle configurations, provided they are suitably configured, and overly elaborate mixing devices are probably unnecessary. An example is given that shows that the hydraulic head, and therefore power cost, required for jet mixing is generally quite low.     

氢油混燃在汽油机中的试验研究

本文用金属氢化物—镍基合金贮存的氢作为燃料 ,与汽油混合 ,通过发动机台架实验和路面行车实验 ,研究了氢油混燃在汽油机中的节油措施和效果