核电站蒸汽发生器传热管涡流自动检测系统研制

设计了蒸汽发生器传热管涡流自动检测系统,从探头定位系统、探头扫查系统、集成传输系统和相关软件等方面,分析了系统设计。将系统用于对核电站蒸汽发生器传热管进行涡流检查,能够及早发现传热管上存在的缺陷,为进一步采取的维修措施提供准确的参考依据,并成功应用于各核电厂的役前和在役检测。     

蒸汽发生器传热管胀管区旋转涡流探头检查技术研究

蒸汽发生器传热管是反应堆一回路屏障最薄弱的部分,其完整性是核安全的重要保障。从国内部分蒸汽发生器运行的实际情况来看,胀管过渡段可能存在点蚀及应力腐蚀裂纹等缺陷,并且已经发现传热管胀管区存在泄漏的情况。为了更有效和可靠地检测出胀管过渡区出现的缺陷,我们开展了旋转涡流探头检验技术研究,制作相应的MRPC探头,进行涡流方法试验,改进和完善MRPC探头并形成传热管胀管区旋转涡流探头检查技术,并成功应用于各蒸汽发生器的役前和在役检测。     

高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器换热管电磁超声导波检测方法研究

高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器螺旋换热管是压力边界相对薄弱的部分,若出现降质破损,可能引起放射性介质泄漏并造成堆芯损伤。针对该类换热管由于管路复杂缺乏无损检测方法的现状,提出了适用于高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器复杂结构换热管的电磁超声导波检测方法,开发了专用电磁超声导波检测仪及检测探头,建立了1∶1的高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器换热管全尺寸模拟体试验平台,开展了灵敏度测试优化试验及换热管全长缺陷检测试验。试验结果表明,该电磁超声导波检测方法能够有效解决高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器换热管在役无损检测难题,所开发的电磁超声导波检测仪和检测探头能够在单点位置实现换热管长距离全覆盖检测,可有效识别模拟体上换热管异种钢焊缝薄弱处与远端约60.2 m处截面损伤率为16.8%的刻槽缺陷,验证了高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器换热管电磁超声导波在役检测的可行性。     

基于TMR传感器阵列的蒸汽发生器换热管检测探头设计

文中设计了一种用于核电站蒸汽发生器换热管检测的涡流探头,该探头使用高分辨率、高灵敏度的隧道效应磁阻(TMR)传感器阵列对涡流电流产生的磁场成像,通过分析磁场图像数据,来快速准确地定位换热管中存在的缺陷。文中建立了基于压缩磁矢势方程的有限元仿真模型,来模拟缺陷检测的物理过程;研制并测试了由磁场激励线圈、TMR传感器阵列和数据采集系统组成的实验探头,对带有缺陷的换热管样品(Inconel 690)进行了检测,观察传感器输出的电压信号变化即可直观的反应出被测样品的缺陷情况。     

1000MW核电蒸汽发生器管子管板焊接

管子管板焊接是核电站一回路主设备蒸汽发生器制造过程中的关键工序,管子管板焊接质量直接影响着蒸汽发生器的使用寿命和制造进度。分别对二代改进型压水堆和三代压水堆1000MW蒸汽发生器管子管板焊接工艺进行介绍,比较了RCC-M规范和ASME规范对管子管板焊接要求的异同,针对焊接过程中出现的问题,分析了缺陷产生的根本原因,对焊接参数重新进行优化,同时加强了焊接过程控制,得到了质量稳定、焊缝形状和尺寸均满足设计要求的焊接接头。     

AP1000主蒸汽管道镗孔壁厚设计分析

AP1000主蒸汽管道与蒸汽发生器连接。根据设计要求,主蒸汽管道与蒸汽发生器管嘴连接的焊缝需要进行役前和在役检查,同时位于安全壳内的主蒸汽管道需要满足先漏后破原则。为了满足上述设计和运行要求,主蒸汽管道需要进行镗孔加工并且满足镗孔后的最小壁厚要求。通过分析设计给出的主蒸汽管道外径及公差和蒸汽发生器管嘴内径及公差要求,发现主蒸汽管道镗孔后其壁厚可能无法满足设计要求,从而判断设计要求自身耦合出现偏差,建议修正主蒸汽管道外径公差值。     

电加热蒸汽发生器常见问题分析与解决

为了满足现阶段市场电加热蒸汽发生器的工作要求和环保政策,分析了电加热蒸汽发生器的结构原理、分类状况及存在的弊端,找出其常见的问题,实现电加热蒸汽发生器的维护、保养良性循环,提高其运行安全性。     

高压湿蒸汽发生器燃烧系统的精密控制

随着油田对超稠油油层、低渗透油层和深井稠油的热力开采和试采,对高压湿蒸汽发生器的工艺技术要求也越来越高,为了确保湿蒸汽发生器的安全运行,就必须提高燃烧系统的控制精度。本文论述了油田专用热采设备高压湿蒸汽发生器燃烧控制系统的全面改进方案,为现代企业装备技术的提高进行了探索和尝试。     

核电蒸汽发生器热工水力稳态特性分析

探讨核电蒸汽发生器热工水力稳态特性,并对其结构和设计参数进行优化,同时验证不同功率水平下,污垢和堵管程度对蒸汽发生器运行状态的影响。结果显示,随着负荷的不断增加,蒸汽发生器双侧回路的传热系数逐渐变大,但其变化速率小于负荷的变化率,其中无堵管污垢情况下的总热传导系数高于有堵管污垢情况下的传导系数;同时,蒸汽发生器负荷率不断增加,入口、出口温度以及平均温度逐渐上升;负荷率60%以后,出口温度的上升速率逐渐缩小,且平均温度的上升速率呈放缓态势;随着负荷率的增加,蒸汽发生器的循环倍率由20降到3.4。因此,为了满足蒸汽发生器的散热需要,使其处于额定状态,要对其运行参数进行调整,使其呈现动态的稳定状态,以保障运行安全。     

核电站堆内构件围板螺栓超声检测试验研究

针对压水堆核电机组的围板螺栓内部缺陷检测要求,研究超声检测方法,通过设计专用超声探头,对系列人工缺陷的试块进行检测试验研究。试验结果表明,对于围板螺栓的圆弧过渡区、光杆段和螺纹段上3mm深的人工缺陷,采用专用超声探头均能有效检出,能够满足现场检测应用要求。     

New version of performance demonstration program for steam generator tubing analysts

The reliability and performance of steam generators (SGs) are serious concerns in the operation of nuclear power plants. In particular, SG tubing is subject to a variety of degradation processes that can lead to potential leakage or rupture. To prevent a plant shutdown from this kind of event, the integrity of SG tubing should be periodically determined. The eddy current test is widely used for the inspection of SG tubing during in-service inspection. For the evaluation of eddy current data, analysts are required to have the Level II or greater qualification based on the american society for nondestructive testing (ASNT) standard. In addition, analysts evaluating eddy current data obtained from SG tubing are required to have a qualification of performance demonstration. The performance demonstration program in Korea has existed since 2004 and uses the qualified data analyst (QDA) program developed by the electric power research institute (EPRI). Recently, the QDA program was updated by EPRI. The updated QDA program has been in effect for SG tubing analysts in Korea since 2010. In this paper, we describe the performance demonstration program, the degradation mechanisms, and the inspection techniques for SG tubing in nuclear power plants.     

蒸发器含缺陷传热管爆破压力的计算

以传热管缺陷的伤深比α和当量长度比γ为参量，采用含缺陷直管段试样的爆破压力测量值和选定的拟合函数，经过变换后，应用最小二乘法建立了含缺陷传热管爆破压力的拟合公式。应用拟合公式计算了两种材料传热管60多个试样的爆破压力和剩余强度系数（RSF），其计算值和测量值的误差都在工程计算精度范围之内。     

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Longitudinal Guided Wave Generation in Hollow Cylinders by Multielement Transducers

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation on defect detection in pipes using ultrasonic guided waves are carried out in the paper. In theoretical analysis, normal mode expansion method is used to quantify the coupling between the applied boundary loadings and acoustic field. The general results are specialized to the loading configuration of multielement transducers. Several important conclusions can be drawn about the design of transducers to generate guided wave modes in pipes. The importance of design parameters such as the number of elements, the ratio of gap width to element width, and the length of each element is discussed in detail. The experimental study demonstrates the use of practical axisymmetric loading in generating axisymmetric longitudinal guided waves, which is particularly useful in the inspection of tubing or piping.     

便携式拉曼光谱仪发展综述

拉曼光谱仪已经广泛应用于分析化学、安全检查、生物医学等领域,小型化、智能化是其发展的重要方面.便携式拉曼光谱仪具有体积小、检测方便等特点,便于现场测量与分析.目前,在药物检测、机场安检、爆炸物分析等领域便携式拉曼光谱仪受到青睐.对国内外产业化和实验室的便携式光谱仪的发展进行了比较全面的综述,最后对便携式拉曼光谱仪的发展...     

Fast scanning mode and its realization in a scanning acoustic microscope

The scanning speed of the two-dimensional stage dominates the efficiency of mechanical scanning measurement systems. This paper focused on a detailed scanning time analysis of conventional raster and spiral scan modes and then proposed two fast alternative scanning modes. Performed on a self-developed scanning acoustic microscope (SAM), the measured images obtained by using the conventional scan mode and fast scan modes are compared. The total scanning time is reduced by 29% of the two proposed fast scan modes. It will offer a better solution for high speed scanning without sacrificing the system stability, and will not introduce additional difficulties to the configuration of scanning measurement systems. They can be easily applied to the mechanical scanning measuring systems with different driving actuators such as piezoelectric, linear motor, dc motor, and so on. The proposed fast raster and square spiral scan modes are realized in SAM, but not specially designed for it. Therefore, they have universal adaptability and can be applied to other scanning measurement systems with two-dimensional mechanical scanning stages, such as atomic force microscope or scanning tunneling microscope.     

高压巡线机器人的设计与实现

针对110 kV输电线路具有防震锤、耐张线夹、悬垂线夹、跳线、转弯等诸多障碍,线路与障碍物的相对位姿和形态不是非常固定的特点,首先设计出了一种全新的巡线机器人的机械结构,并对该结构的各个组成部分进行了详细的说明;然后,对巡线机器人的控制系统进行了设计。本体控制系统采用两级分布式计算机控制结构,规划级用于机器人管理和路径规划,直接控制级用于机器人的姿态和运动控制。实验线路上的运行表明,机器人较好地实现了自主越障,能够完成规定的巡检任务。     

蒸发器传热管堵管判据的研究

以传热管缺陷的伤深比α和当量长度比γ为参量,利用爆破压力拟合计算公式和强度条件,导出了含缺陷传热管的安全评定判据和堵管条件,提出了传热管在役检查的验收判据和堵管条件。     

YKS5120多工位插齿机工件托盘工况检测与工位控制

根据调制／解调干扰原理，开发了多探测器组合的反射型红外光电探测装置；文中介绍了检测装置电路原理、探头布置原则以及与ＣＮＣ数控系统的互联方式。该项技术在多工位数控插齿机ＹＫＳ５１２０应用中，实现了工件托盘工况在线实时非接触检测与工位控制。实践表明，该项技术不仅检测速度快，而且准确性高。     

Investigations of field-evaporated end forms in voltage- and laser-pulsed atom probe tomography

Atom Probe Tomography (APT) consists of analyzing a needle-shaped specimen on an atom-by-atom basis. In recent years, instruments have become commercially available, enabling the sequential analysis of the same specimen in both laser- and voltage-pulsed modes. In this contribution, a comparison of field evaporated end-forms as a function of the voltage and laser power is presented for silicon. Electron microscopy is utilized for visual inspection of the final tip end-forms. The field of evaporation for silicon is calculated based on these radius measurements for voltage and laser pulsing. Electron microscopy and analysis of the atom probe data show that the specimen end-forms for both pulsing modes can be different. We have observed two effects on the shape of a field-ion emitter when irradiated by a focused laser beam. One is a change in the 3-dimensional topology of the emitter due to different crystallographic orientations. Secondly, exposure to focused laser beam from one side may lead to a non-hemispherical tip shape especially when reasonably high laser energy is utilized. For comparison purposes to the laser mode, the voltage pulse evaporated tip end form is also analyzed for different specimen temperatures. Consequently, evaporation fields are calculated for different temperatures and laser conditions for silicon.     

基于机器视觉的汽车仪表板智能检测方法

提出并实现了用机器视觉系统对汽车仪表板总成智能检测方法。仪表板质量检测技术的关键是提取边缘和定义指示误差。为了有效地去除噪声并进行边缘提取,采用了小波变换模极大值方法提取仪表图象特征;为了获取仪表板指示误差,提出了一种新的指示精度评判准则。在此基础上,已成功地研制出一种机器视觉检测系统。