奥氏体中锰钢的磨料磨损性能

在ML-100型销-盘式磨料磨损试验机上,通过不同钢种之间的对比试验,研究了奥氏体中锰钢（BTW钢）石英砂磨料及煤矸石磨料下的磨损性能,并采用SEM分析了其磨损机制。结果表明,在高硬度的石英砂磨料中,BTW钢加工硬化明显,有效硬化层深度达900 μm,耐磨性能优于其他钢种,而在质地较软的煤矸石磨料中,其耐磨性降低;BTW钢在不同磨料下的磨损机制均为犁削,但形貌差异较大,石英砂磨料下磨损表面较为均匀,犁沟深度较浅、宽度较窄,脊缘部分较薄,脊缘在反复磨损中断裂成屑的数量较多,而煤矸石磨料中,犁沟存在于整个磨损表面且变形较小,几乎没有发现切削存在。     

Effects of cooling rate on the precipitation behavior of grain boundary carbide and corrosion resistance of 5Cr15MoV stainless steel

High-carbon and high-chromium alloy steels are prone to pitting and intergranular corrosion, which reduces corrosion resistance. The precipitation behavior of the carbides of high-carbon and high-chromium alloy steels is one of the main factors affecting pitting and intergranular corrosion of stainless steel. In this study, 5Cr15MoV stainless steel was heated to 1,200℃ and then cooled by cooling rates varying from 25 to 150°C/min. The precipitation behavior of grain boundary carbides of 5Cr15MoV steel at different cooling rates, and its effect on the corrosion resistance of materials was studied. The results show that the carbides of 5Cr15MoV steel mainly precipitate along the grain boundaries, which leads to the formation of chromium-depleted zones near the grain boundaries and reduces resistance to intergranular corrosion. It has been found that a higher cooling rate shortens the width of the Cr-depleted zone near the boundary from 0.871 to 0.569 μm, reduces the Cr-concentration gradient near the grain boundary from 36.422% to 12.667%, and suppresses the nucleus growth rate of grain boundary carbides. As the cooling rate increases, the corrosion current density decreases from 13.29 to 2.42 μA/cm². The corrosion rate is the lowest, while the cooling rate is 150°C/min. The corrosion rate decreases from 218.339 to 158.488 mm/a. The phenomenon of intergranular corrosion and pitting corrosion was found to be weakened; and thereby, it is shown that an intensive cooling rate can improve the corrosion resistance of 5Cr15MoV steel.     

A study of the impact deformation and fracture behaviour of austenitic manganese steel

This study uses the split-Hopkinson pressure bar to investigate the impact deformation and fracture behaviour of austenitic manganese steel at strain rates ranging from 2.0×10³ s⁻¹ to 8.0×10³ s⁻¹ at room temperature. The experimental results indicate that strain rate exerts a significant influence on the mechanical properties of austenitic manganese steel. With an increasing strain rate, the impact flow stress, work hardening rate, and strain rate sensitivity increase, while the activation volume decreases. The variations of strain rate sensitivity and activation volume are closely related to the work hardening stress. The results of this study show that the observed flow behaviour is described accurately by the Zerilli-Armstrong constitutive law. Fractographic analysis reveals that the specimen fracture is dominated by the formation of an adiabatic shear band formation. Furthermore, dimple characteristics and cleavage facets are observed on the fracture surface, indicating a relatively ductile fracture mode. The cleavage fracture is found to be associated with the increasing strain rate, which gives rise to a loss of deformability.     

S390粉末高速钢真空气淬中纳米碳化物的析出

S390粉末高速钢经1180℃真空加热气冷(4×105Pa)、1230℃真空加热气冷(6×105Pa)后得到以下贝氏体为主的显微组织。结果表明,在片状下贝氏体中部析出成排碳化物是碳按下坡扩散机制和按dr/dt∝t-1/2方程长成260 nm×65 nm椭球状。在残留合金碳化物边缘析出纳米椭球状碳化物是按碳上坡扩散在离碳化物某处形成碳浓度峰,并处于最大过冷条件下进行析出的机制。     

淬火冷速对大型核电压力容器用钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜和力学性能测试等研究了淬火冷速对大型核电压力容器用SA508-3钢显微组织及力学性能的影响,尤其对落锤冲击性能的影响。结果表明:随着冷速的增加,SA508-3钢的显微组织由宽大的上贝氏体+粒状贝氏体组织向细小下贝氏体+马氏体组织转变。淬火冷速对SA508-3钢的常/高温强度影响不大,而对冲击韧性的影响显著,尤其对零塑性转变温度(NDTT)的影响显著。低冷速下的NDTT只能达到≥-13.3℃,而高冷速下的NDTT大幅度降低,达到≤-48.3℃。     

变形条件和冷却速率对低碳含Nb钢的相变及纳米析出的影响

利用Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机,研究了奥氏体再结晶和未再结晶组织对低碳含Nb钢连续冷却转变行为的影响,并对不同变形温度及冷却速率下Nb(C, N)的纳米析出行为进行了研究。结果表明,未再结晶区奥氏体的变形能够为多边形铁素体提供更多的相变形核点,扩大铁素体相变区,并且能够细化铁素体晶粒;相比于再结晶区1050℃单道次变形,未再结晶区的第二道次变形能够促进Nb(C, N)的析出,其中910℃变形时Nb(C, N)的析出量最多,850℃次之;冷却速率的增大能够抑制Nb(C, N)在奥氏体中的析出,但能够促进其在铁素体中析出;对于本试验钢,10℃/s的冷却速率即可抑制Nb(C, N)的析出;Nb(C, N)的析出粒子平均粒径随着冷却速率的增加而减小。     

Influence of impact energy on work hardening ability of austenitic manganese steel and its mechanism

To further understand the hardening mechanism of austenitic manganese steel under actual working conditions,the work hardening ability was studied and the microstructures of austenitic manganese steel ...     

连续冷却过程中GCr15钢中碳化物的析出行为

针对GCr15轴承钢棒材网状碳化物大量析出、网状级别超标问题,通过热模拟试验对碳化物析出机理进行研究。结果表明,GCr15轴承钢试样经热轧后的连续冷却过程中,在晶界处析出的二次碳化物为（Fe.Cr）3C型碳化物,冷却速度对晶界处二次碳化物形貌具有重要影响,随冷却速度的增加,可达到抑制网状碳化物析出并得到高品质轴承钢棒材的目的。     

轧后冷却速率对GCr15钢棒材组织的影响

GCr15轴承钢棒材在轧制后的冷却过程中往往会有网状碳化物的形成,对轴承钢的质量和寿命产生影响。通过Gleeble3800热模拟试验机对其轧制后的控冷工艺进行模拟研究,结果表明：在860 ℃终轧温度下,随着冷却速率的增加,晶界处二次碳化物由网状分布逐渐变为半网状、短条状分布,珠光体球团直径明显细化,CCT曲线得到的珠光体析出温度区间主要集中在600~700 ℃范围内,高温终轧后,控制冷却速率和终冷温度可以达到控制网状碳化物析出并得到珠光体的目的。     

叉车合金钢轴头的水淬可控冷却工艺

分析了水的冷却特性、水淬可控冷却原理,利用水淬可控冷却和普通水淬两种方法对35CrMo合金钢叉车轴头进行了调质处理,并对调质后轴头的组织和微裂纹进行了检测。结果表明:水淬可控冷却调质轴头组织为细小均匀的回火索氏体,无微裂纹,硬度适中,符合技术要求;而普通水淬调质后轴头工件有1/3出现裂纹。可见,对水的起始温度、水和工件的质量比以及冷却时间加以控制,能够对形状复杂的合金钢轴头实现可控冷却,从而获得满意的淬火效果,实现清洁化热处理。     

淬火冷速对过共析轨钢中珠光体组织的影响

采用OM、SEM以及硬度测试等方法研究了淬火工艺中冷却速率对过共析轨钢珠光体组织特征的影响规律。结果表明,随着冷却速率的提高,珠光体片层间距和渗碳体厚度均逐渐减小,分别由302 nm和43.6 nm减小到205 nm和29.2 nm。珠光体片层间距的细化对硬度提高起到了一定作用,使其由286 HV提高到了348 HV。     

应变速率对高氮奥氏体钢拉伸变形的影响

采用金相及透射电子显微镜对高氮奥氏体Fe-20Mn-19Cr-0. 6N钢在应变速率范围为3×10^-6～1 s^-1条件下的拉伸变形行为进行了研究。研究结果表明:N元素的固溶强化作用和促使位错平面滑移阻碍位错运动机制是高氮奥氏体钢的重要应变硬化机制,同时,随着应变速率的提升,这种强化机制不断提升,而应变诱导孪生机制不断削弱。随着应变速率的提升,高氮奥氏体钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度均呈逐步上升的趋势,断后伸长率则逐步下降。屈服强度提升超过60%,而抗拉强度提升仅10%。随着应变速率的提升,基体变形程度逐步下降,材料的位错密度和滑移带密度逐步下降。     

淬火冷却速率对20CrNi2Mo钢组织及力学性能的影响

采用不同冷却介质对20CrNi2Mo钢进行了淬火处理,研究了不同淬火冷却速率对20CrNi2Mo钢组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着淬火冷却速率的增大,20CrNi2Mo钢的晶粒度几乎不变,板条马氏体束细化;强度提高,伸长率和断面收缩率基本不变;并且随着冷却速率增大,冲击吸收能量增高,断口由脆性断口转变为韧性断口。     

铸态Al-7Si-0．3Mg合金的连续冷却析出图

采用冷却速率为0．01～3K／s的差示扫描量热法（DSC）和冷却速率更高的淬火膨胀法研究铸态Al-7Si-0．3Mg合金淬火的析出行为。在合金冷却的过程中发生了两种析出反应,高温反应开始于淬火起始温度540℃,低温反应始于400℃左右。3K／s的淬火冷却速率已经显著抑制淬火过程中相的析出。合金T6态的硬度随着淬火速率的增快而增加,这是由合金过饱和固溶度增加而导致的。通过膨胀实验和硬度实验的结果可以估计临界冷却速率大约为60K／s。通过光学显微镜观察淬火态的铸态Al-7Si-0．3Mg合金的显微组织。结果表明：根据淬火冷却速率的不同合金的显微组织由铝一硅共晶组织、铝固溶体枝晶及枝晶间的析出相组成。     

冷却速度对675装甲钢显微组织的影响

利用差分膨胀仪、金相及透射电镜研究了675装甲钢过冷奥氏体在不同冷却速度下的相变过程及产物。结果表明，冷却速度在3℃／min-2000℃／min范围内，随冷速的增大，675装甲钢中发生的组织转变变化很大，相变产物依次蹦现粒状贝氏体（粒B）、上贝氏体（上B）、下贝氏体（下B）以及片状和板条混合马氏体（M）。此外，675装甲钢具有相当好的淬透性，临界淬火速度为25℃／min，Ms点为320℃。     

薄规格耐磨钢淬火条纹分析与工艺改进

针对薄规格耐磨钢淬火后出现的表面条纹和硬度不均匀问题,通过显微组织观察和硬度检测,结合淬火设备和淬火工艺进行了分析。结果表明,钢板淬火过程中淬火机螺旋辊辊槽和辊环处的水量和冷速不均匀是该问题的主要原因。通过调整淬火温度和淬火机水流量、辊速、辊缝等参数,解决了淬火条纹问题,同时获得了良好的板形。     

一种改善耐磨高锰钢碳化物形态的热处理工艺

探讨一种改善耐磨高锰钢碳化物形态的热处理工艺。结果表明,水韧处理结合高压热处理和常压热处理可以有效地改善耐磨高锰钢组织中析出碳化物形态及分布,经水韧处理后再经5 GPa、650℃保温30 min的高压热处理和750～800℃保温60 min的热处理,耐磨高锰钢可获得弥散分布的颗粒状和短条状碳化物。     

Mechanical properties of 32Mn-7Cr-0.6Mo-0.3N austenitic steel for cryogenic applications

The tensile, impact, and fracture toughness tests from ambient temperature to 77 K were carried out on 32Mn-7Cr-0.6Mo-0.3N austenitic steel. The fracture surfaces and the phase constitution were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The results show that the relation between yield strength and temperature is σ_0.2 · 300 + 1392.4 exp (−0.0106T). The 77 K yield strength is 883 MPa · m^1/2 and the K _J0.05 value is about 236 MPa · m^1/2. The cryogenic intergranular fracture is fully suppressed. The 77 K fracture surfaces exhibit a tough character composed of many dimples and few small quasi-cleavage facets. The results of x-ray analysis show that the austenite phase of the steel is stable even under cryogenic deformation conditions.