Effect of prior plasma nitriding applied to a hot-work tool steel on the scratch-resistant properties of PACVD TiBN and TiCN coatings

Ternary TiBN and TiCN coatings on a hot-work tool steel substrate with and without plasma nitriding (PN) prior to plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD) were investigated. Compositional analysis with a radio frequency glow discharge optical emission spectroscope (rf-GDOES) showed mixtures of TiBN + TiN and TiCN + TiN in the PACVD TiBN and TiCN coatings, respectively. Each coating layer had a compositional gradient across the coating depth and slightly into the substrate. The microhardness profiles (HV_0.1) of the substrate with and without PN from the interface with the coating to the substrate core were determined. The depth of the effective nitrided diffusion layer was confirmed from the examination of its optical microstructure. The adhesion of these two coatings to the substrate was evaluated through scratch tests in the progressive mode. It was found that with increasing load, both of the coatings on the substrate with and without prior nitriding deteriorated in the same failure modes. Critical loads corresponding to the first microcracking related to cohesive failure, spallation related to adhesive failure, breakthrough and worn out were determined and used to quantify the scratch resistance of these coatings. With PN prior to PACVD, both the cohesion and adhesion properties of the TiBN and TiCN coatings were remarkably improved. This improvement was attributed to a functionally gradient hardness configuration from the coating through the nitrided diffusion layer to the substrate.     

真空热处理双粘结层热障涂层抗氧化性能

传统单层结构粘结层热障涂层抗氧化性能不足寿命短,采用超音速火焰喷涂(high velocity oXy-fuel,HVOF)和大气等离子喷涂(atmosphere plasma spray,APS)制备双层结构粘结层,对粘结层进行真空热处理,研究热障涂层的抗氧化性能.结果 显示,经过1050℃×3 h真空热处理,粘结层...     

TiBN粉体的合成、微观结构及其导电性能研究

采用渗硼烧结法合成了一种新型TiBN粉体材料,它是B在TiN中形成的固溶体。TiBN粉体颗粒具有特殊的微纳米复合结构,由尺寸可达到纳米级的TiBN晶体和非晶所组成,非晶多分布在颗粒边界,最小厚度为2nm左右。TiBN粉体兼有陶瓷性和金属性,电阻率为2.655×10^-5Ω·m,优于TiN、TiB₂、TiCN等陶瓷材料。该新方法可以在580℃/1 h条件下合成出单相TiN粉体材料,合成温度比现有TiN合成温度降低500℃以上。TiBN粉体材料可用于制备电接触材料、结构陶瓷材料,同时在作为锂电池、超级电容器、燃料电池和光伏电池的电极、集电体方面有诱人的研究价值和广阔的应用前景。     

Oxidation kinetics of high strength low alloy steels at elevated temperatures

High strength low alloy (HSLA) steels are candidate Rockbolt materials for use as underground roof supports at Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. Oxidation kinetics of International Rollforms Split Set Friction Rock Stabilizers (SS46), and Swellex Mn24 steels have been determined by temperature modulated thermogravimetry at temperatures ranging between 600 and 900 °C in pure oxygen atmosphere for 100 hr. The imposed sinusoidal temperature modulations (±5 °C for a period of 1 cycle per 200 s) on the isothermal temperature did not have any noticeable effect on the weight gain characteristics during oxidation. Weight gain data on the steels indicate two distinct regions with different oxidation profiles, where a definite change in rates of oxidation is observed: a first oxidation regime where the steels followed a rate law y = kt^0.40-0.63 (changing index of rate law depending upon steel and temperature) and a second stage oxidation regime that follows the parabolic law. The results of characterization of the oxide films using SEM/EDAX, X-ray diffraction and Synchrotron white beam X-ray microdiffraction are presented. The oxidation data of the steels presented here is expected to be useful for characterizing those steels for use in underground rock bolt system and as roof support for the DOE proposed Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time thermogravimetric studies of this kind have been done on these steels.     

Cu/TiBN电接触材料的导电性及抗电弧侵蚀机理

采用渗硼烧结法合成了一种新型TiBN粉体材料,它兼有陶瓷性和金属性,电阻率为2.6×10-3Ω·cm。以TiBN和TiN为增强相,采用粉末冶金法制备了Cu/TiBN和Cu/TiN电接触材料,系统的研究了不同含量TiBN和TiN的电接触材料的微观结构和物理性能。结果表明,与TiN相比,TiBN增强相能明显改善Cu基电接触材料的导电性能、抗氧化性能、硬度和抗电弧侵蚀性能。当含量为5wt.%时,Cu/TiBN电接触材料的抗电弧侵蚀能力最好,重量损失仅为1.5mg。电弧侵蚀时,在Cu/TiBN表面生成TixOy、B2O3和N2等产物,这些产物能明显改善Cu/TiBN电接触材料的抗电弧侵蚀能力。新开发的Cu/TiBN电接触材料具有优异的物理性能和抗电弧侵蚀性能,在电接触行业中拥有广阔的应用前景。     

CVD diamond coating for erosion protection at elevated temperatures

Small solid particles entrained in a gas-fluid turbomachinery flow can cause degradation of the component surfaces containing the flow by erosion and corrosion processes. As diamond is the hardest known material, much work has been done to use polycrystalline diamond (PCD) as a protective coating on parts operating in a hostile and abrasive environment. Little attention is given in the literature to the high-temperature erosion behavior of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond on different substrates. The objectives of this research were to develop CVD diamond erosion barriers for surface protection of cemented tungsten carbide at high temperatures and to study the erosion behavior of the coatings. Microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) was used to apply diamond films on WC-6%Co. The erosion behavior of the coated specimens was investigated experimentally by exposing them to abrasive particle-laden flow in a high-temperature wind tunnel. The obtained results show the effects of impingement angle, temperature, and particle dose on the erosion rate. The data demonstrate that uncoated substrates suffer 6–7 times higher wear compared to diamond-coated samples at elevated temperatures up to 538 °C when exposed to alumina particle flow. This study indicates that polycrystalline diamond is emerging as a promising erosion protective coating for high-temperature applications. Paper presented at Materials Solutions Conference & Exposition 2000, St. Louis, MO.     

Tribological behaviour of borided bearing steels at elevated temperatures

Borided steels are known to exhibit excellent wear resistance at room temperature. However, the sliding wear behaviour of borided steels at high temperatures is not known. In the present study, AISI 440C and 52100 bearing steels which are extensively used in industry, were borided by pack method at 950 °C for 2 h. X-ray diffraction analysis of boride layers on the surface of steels revealed various peaks of FeB, Fe₂B and CrB. The thickness and hardness of boride layers on the 52100 and 440C steels were 56 ± 6 and 47 ± 4 μm and 1970 and 2160 HK, respectively. Dry sliding wear tests of these borided steels were performed against Si₃N₄ bearing ball at a constant sliding speed and load at elevated temperatures. The temperature changed between room temperature and 600 °C. These tests indicated that the wear rates of unborided and borided steels increase with temperature and borided 52100 and 440C steels exhibit considerably lower wear rate at all temperatures, compared with unborided steels. At temperature of 600 °C, borided 52100 and 440C steels have a wear resistance of about 3 and 2.5 times higher than that of unborided steels, respectively. Examination of the worn surface of borided steels showed that, worn surfaces were covered with a discontinuous compact layer especially above temperature of 300 °C.     

电弧离子镀制备TiBN纳米复合涂层

目的在纯N_2气氛环境下,低温制备TiBN纳米复合涂层,为TiBN涂层工业化生产积累科学数据。方法采用离子源增强阴极电弧离子镀系统,在硬质合金衬底上制备TiBN纳米复合涂层,系统研究了N_2气压对TiBN涂层晶体结构、表面形貌、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果 N_2气压对TiBN纳米复合涂层的晶体结构、表面形貌、硬度及摩擦系数的影响明显。随着N_2气压的升高,TiBN涂层中的TiN晶相逐渐增多,TiB_2晶相逐渐减少,为TiN晶粒和TiB_2晶粒镶嵌于非晶BN基体的复合结构。在0.5 Pa气压下,涂层硬度达3150HV。对于对磨材料硬质合金而言,TiBN涂层的摩擦系数为0.4左右。结论离子源增强电弧离子镀技术可以用于TiBN涂层的制备,制备出的TiBN涂层为纳米晶镶嵌于非晶的纳米复合涂层,涂层的显微硬度较高。在TiBN纳米复合涂层的工业化生产中,沉积N_2气压不宜偏高。     

Oxidation behaviour of metallic glass foams

In this study, the effects of porosity on the oxidation behaviour of bulk-metallic glasses were investigated. Porous Pd- and Fe-based bulk-metallic glass (BMG) foams and Metglas ribbons were studied. Oxidizing experiments were conducted at 70 °C, and around 80 °C below glass-transition temperatures, (T_gs). Scanning-electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) studies revealed little evidence of oxidation at 70 °C. Specimens exhibited greater oxidation at T_g - 80 °C. Oxides were copper-based for Pd-based foams, Fe-, Cr-, and Mo-based for Fe-based foams, and Co-based with borosilicates likely for the Metglas. Pd-based foams demonstrated the best oxidation resistance, followed by Metglas ribbons, followed by Fe-based foams.     

Oxidation behaviour of particle reinforced MoSi2 composites at temperatures up to 1700°C. Part I: Literature review

In the first part of this paper the results of a literature review are presented. An overview of the oxidation behaviour in air and in combustion environments of both pure MoSi₂ and MoSi₂ composites in the temperature range from 400 to 1650°C is given. The second part of this paper reports about our results from oxidation tests with selected MoSi₂ composites (containing 15 vol.‐% Al₂O₃, Y₂O₃, ZrO₂, HfO₂, SiC, TiB₂, ZrB₂, or HfB₂, respectively) from different development stages at temperatures in the pest region as well as up to 1700°C. The third part describes the oxidation behaviour of the optimised MoSi₂ composites developed on the basis of the results from part II.     

The Oxidation of iridium-aluminum and iridium-hafnium intermetallics at temperatures above 1550°C

The oxidation behavior of iridium-aluminum and iridium-hafnium intermetallics has been investigated in various oxygen pressures and at temperatutes between 1550 and 1800°C. The hafnium concentration necessary for the formation of a continuous external HfO₂ scale is above 50 at.% hafnium. The aluminum concentration necessary for the formation of a continuous external Al₂O₃ scale is above 55 at. % aluminum, which is the aluminum-rich boundary of the IrAl intermetallic. Thus, it appears that the IrAl₂₅ intermetallic necessary for the formation of a protective, external Al₂O₃ scale in the iridiumaluminum system. The activation energy for the growth of Al₂O₃ on iridiuim (60 at.%) aluminum intermetallic is in agreement with that determined pre viously for the NiAl intermetallic at lower temperatures. This suggests that similar process may control the Al₂O₃ scale growth on these two intermetallics.     

Tribological properties of plasma-sprayed nickel alloy matrix self-lubricating coating at elevated temperatures

A nickel alloy matrix high-temperature self-lu-bricating coating(77.5 wt％(Ni-Cr-Mo-Al)-12.5 wt％Ag-10 wt％BaF2/CaF2)was prepared by plasma spraying technique.Resu...     

Tribological performance of DLC films deposited on ACM rubber by PACVD

In this paper the tribological and adhesive performance of DLC films prepared by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition on acrylic rubber (ACM) are studied. The effect of applied load and sliding velocity on the coefficient of friction and wear rate has been investigated. Effects of the rubber substrate and of ageing of the coated samples have also been explored. In addition, the adhesion of the DLC films to the rubber substrates is evaluated via stretch tests and the measured adhesion strength is larger than 40 MPa, indicating a superb adhesion to the substrate. It is shown that the tribological performance is greatly influenced by the viscoelastic properties of the substrate, and higher coefficients of friction are obtained at higher loads and velocities. The wear followed a similar trend, although very low in all the cases.     

Ni-W合金电刷镀层的高温氧化与高温磨损特性

用电刷镀方式制备了Ni—W(D)合金镀层，测试了镀层在不同温度下的氧化与滑动磨损速率，用扫描电镜观察了试样磨损表面的形貌。结果表明：Ni—W(D)合金刷镀层在600℃以下具有较高的抗氧化能力，超过700℃时由于氧化膜中WO3的增加，镀层抗氧化能力下降；500℃以下时，由于镀层氧化膜的减摩作用，Ni—W(D)合金刷镀层的磨损机理主要是轻微磨粒磨损；600℃以上时，镀层的磨损机理主要为镀层剥落和粘着磨损，磨损速率较大。     

Oxidation behavior of Mo5SiB2-based alloy at elevated temperatures

A Mo₅SiB₂-based alloy having composition of Mo–12.3 mol% Si–24.9 mol% B was produced by arc-melting in an Ar atmosphere, and its oxidation behavior was investigated at temperature between 973 and 1673 K. At and above 1273 K, transient and steady state oxidation stages were clearly observed. The occurrence of the transient and steady state oxidation is interpreted in terms of rapid volatilization of MoO₃ and B₂O₃ under ambient O₂ pressure at the initial stage and the passive oxidation after completely sealing the substrate by silicate glass. Development of two layers onto the substrate, i.e. SiO₂ glass scale and Mo solid solution interlayer including SiO₂ dispersions, strongly supports the interpretation. Dissolution of B into the SiO₂ scale was not confirmed because of low B concentration that was under a detectable limit of EPMA and TEM-EDS. It is suggested that the SiO₂ glass scale formed on the Mo₅SiB₂-based alloy is more protective than as expected.     

B(CH_3O)_3等离子辅助渗硼的研究

研究了新型渗硼剂Ｂ（ＣＨ３Ｏ）３的分解离化行为及渗硼工艺。结果表明：在室温条件下Ｂ（ＣＨ３Ｏ）３主要分解离化为Ｂ（ＣＨ３Ｏ）Ｈ＋、Ｂ（ＣＨ３Ｏ）ＯＨ＋和Ｂ（ＣＨ３Ｏ）２＋;在设计的工艺条件下可以得到均匀致密的渗硼层     

热障涂层高温抗氧化性能研究的现状与发展

从热障涂层(TBCs)的制备方式,长期高温氧化环境中服役的失效机制及高温抗热氧化性能的改善等方面,综述了近年来热障涂层(TBCs)中存在的热氧化生长(TGO)导致涂层失效及改善高温抗氧化性能研究的热点问题,并提出了作者的一些观点.     

Electrochemical behaviour enhancement of stainless steels by a SiO2 PACVD coating

Amorphous silica coatings have been deposited by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) process on M2 steel and 304 stainless steel substrates. The chemical inertia of the coating has been established by resonant quartz crystal microbalance (RQCM), and no porosity has been observed at the AFM scale. The barrier effect has been evaluated on M2 steel by applying the concept of dipolar relaxation. The protection is very efficient, and no deleterious galvanic coupling with the uncoated metallic surface can occur.

A coated stainless steel was also investigated in NaCl solution in order to understand how the passive properties are influenced by such a barrier coating. When deposited on stainless steel, coated part keeps the beneficial passive behaviour inherent to the substrate. They evidence almost no corrosion. The silica based layer behaves as a quasi perfect dielectric. The corrosion rate is then greatly reduced, and the pitting resistance is improved. The excellent localized corrosion protection has been explained by a tiny porosity rate, and a limited access of chloride ions through open pores.     

B（C2H5）3等离子辅助渗硼的研究

对新型渗硼剂Ｂ（Ｃ２Ｈ５）３的渗硼工艺进行了研究。结果表明：在正常渗硼工艺条件下,基体表面没有形成连续致密的渗硼层,而是形成了一层数μｍ厚的硼碳层;在间歇渗硼工艺条件下,基体表面形成了一层致密的渗硼层,这是因为通过溅射消除了在渗硼过程中沉积在基体表面的硼碳层,使硼原子在渗硼时能无阻碍地向基体内部扩散的缘故