AgO/Al_2O_3催化剂选择还原氮氧化物的研究

对浸渍法和水热共沉淀法制备的AgO/Al2O3催化剂进行了选择还原氮氧化物的研究。结果表明:催化剂制备方法对催化剂的催化效果起重要作用,水热共沉淀法制备的AgO/Al2O3催化剂要比浸渍法制备的更有活性;引入不同的还原剂表现出不同的还原性能,水热共沉淀法制备的AgO/Al2O3催化剂具有更强的抗水抗硫性能。AgO与高比表面积Al2O3之间的强相互作用是水热共沉淀法制备的AgO/Al2O3催化剂具有高选择还原活性的原因所在。催化剂表面吸附的氧气很大程度上促进了氮氧化物的选择性氧化过程。     

真空原位氧化工艺参数对析出Al2O3显微形貌的影响

采用一种新型的真空原位氧化工艺制备了Al2O3/Cu复合材料。本文主要讨论新工艺参数对原位氧化析出的Al2O3颗粒的数量、分布、粒度的影响。结果表明：在真空环境下，原位氧化工艺更易于控制，析出的Al2O3颗粒为椭球形，粒径、颗粒间距均小于1μm，均匀、弥散分布在基体上。升温速率、反应温度、原始粉末中Al的含量均对Al2O3颗粒的析出及分布有显著的影响。由于Al氧化的强放热效应，三者必须合理匹配，才能制备出组织性能优越的复合材料。     

纳米晶Fe3Al材料的抗腐蚀性能和高温抗氧化性能

通过铝热反应熔化法制备纯纳米晶Fe3Al材料以及添加质量分数分别为10％Ni,10％Cr,10％ Mn,15％ Mo,5％ Cu和10％Cu合金元素的6种块体纳米晶Fe3Al材料;对含10％ Ni的纳米晶Fe3Al材料分别进行600 ℃、1000℃,8h的等温处理.采用质量损耗法测定不同纳米晶Fe3Al材料在质量分数为5％ H2SO4溶液中的均匀腐蚀速率;并研究各纳米晶Fe3Al材料在1200℃空气中的高温氧化性能.结果表明:添加15％Mo和添加10％Cu的纳米晶Fe3Al材料较纯纳米晶Fe3Al材料抗腐蚀性能提高明显;含10％ Ni的纳米晶Fe3Al材料经过600℃ 等温处理后的腐蚀速率略高于未等温处理的材料,而经1000℃等温处理后腐蚀速率明显下降;随着合金元素Ni、Mn、Cr、Cu的加入,纳米晶Fe3Al材料的氧化速度增大,抗氧化性能降低.     

自蔓延反应涂层法制备SiCp/Al复合材料及性能

对采用铝浴自蔓延反应涂层制备SiCp/Al复合材料的反应机理及与组织演变研究发现：在SiCp/Al表面形成TiC和Ti5Si3复合涂层，显著改善了SiCp与铝液的润湿性，凝固后的SiCp/Al复合材料经热挤压可进一步改善界面状态和界面结合。对它的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能研究表明：由于SiCp的加入对弹性模量的影响与其它方法制备的SiCp/Al复合材料相同，因此可通过降低反应程序，以便提高材料的力学性能。SiSp/Al复合材料摩擦性能主要取决于SiC颗粒的粒度及含量。     

制备工艺对AgSnO_2(8)In_2O_3(4)电接触材料组织与性能的影响

分别采用粉末冶金法、合金粉末预氧化法和加压内氧化法制备AgSnO2(8)In2O3(4)电接触材料,研究不同制备工艺对AgSnO2In2O3电接触材料微观组织与性能的影响。结果表明:加压内氧化法制备的AgSnO2In2O3材料的组织均匀性最佳,致密度最高,显微硬度最大;粉末冶金法制备的AgSnO2In2O3材料导电率最好;直流阻性负载条件下,加压内氧化法制备的AgSnO2In2O3材料的耐电弧侵蚀性能最佳,其触点的失重最少,触点表面侵蚀区域面积最小。     

Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基铸态合金的高温氧化行为

采用熔铸法制备不同Al含量的Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金,研究Al含量和预氧化处理对合金在600℃大气中抗氧化性能的影响,并利用FE-SEM(EDS)、XRD对不同状态合金氧化膜的形貌及成分进行对比分析.结果表明:Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金在600℃时的氧化动力学曲线较好地遵循抛物线规律,铝含量的增加以及预氧化处理均...     

透氧膜法直接制备LaNi_4Al合金的研究

采用固体透氧膜(SOM)法电解La_2O_3-NiO-Al_2O_3烧结片,直接制备储氢合金LaNi4Al。该工艺用只允许氧离子通过的固体透氧膜隔开阴极和阳极,可采用较高的电解电压(3.8V)以获取更高的电解速率。采用SEM和XRD分析了烧结阴极片形貌、组成以及在熔盐中浸蚀后的变化,通过电解中间产物相组成分析了反应机理。结果表明:SOM法由La_2O_3-NiO-Al_2O_3直接制备LaNi4Al是可行的;La_2O_3-NiO-Al_2O_3阴极片1150℃烧结后的组成为LaAlO_3、NiO;烧结片电解机理为LaAlO_3脱氧生成LaOCl、Al,NiO脱氧反应生成Ni,随后LaOCl、Al、Ni反应生成LaNi4Al;反应的电流效率为92.7%,能耗3.55kW·h/kg。工艺流程短、效率高,有良好的应用前景。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al_2O_3涂层及其对Ti6Al4V基合金的高温氧化防护性能

以Al(OC3H7)3(异丙醇铝)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法于Ti6Al4V基合金表面制备了不同厚度的Al2O3涂层。经SEM和XRD分析表明,涂层表面均匀、无裂纹,主要由非晶态Al2O3组成。研究了涂层对Ti6Al4V基合金等温(600℃和700℃)氧化行为的影响。结果表明,0.8μm厚涂层对合金的高温氧化防护性能最优。于700℃空气中等温氧化20 h,涂层样和空白样抛物线氧化速率常数分别为7.60×10-11、1.46×10-10g2/(cm4.s);涂层样氧化膜TiO2含量明显低于空白样;Al2O3涂层有效抑制了合金表面氧化膜的剥落和开裂;涂层样氧化膜厚度仅为空白样的1/2。     

不烧高密Al2O3—C砖在不同气氛中的抗氧化性能

对用于高炉炉身下部的不烧高密Al2O3-C质耐火材料在不同体积比的CO与CO2混合气氛中的抗氧化性能进行了热力学分析和全面大量的实验。发现此种材料具有较好的抗氧化性能，以热力学分析和实验结果为基础，说明了其氧化机制，建立了不烧高密Al2O3-C质耐火材料的氧化学模型。     

Al_2O_3La_2O_3Y_2O_3/Cu复合材料的电弧侵蚀特性研究

采用喷射沉积和内氧化法制备出Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu复合材料,研究该材料在直流20 V/20 A的工作条件下触点的电弧侵蚀特性,并与Al2O3/Cu材料进行了对比分析.利用电子天平、扫描电镜等方法分析电弧侵蚀后触点的质量变化和表面微观结构.结果表明,通过添加Y2O3、La2O3稀土氧化物颗粒,可有效降低触头材料的材料转移量.Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu材料的抗熔焊性和抗烧损性优于Al2O3/Cu材料的性能.在直流阻性负载条件下Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu阳极触头表面形成凹坑,阴极触头表面形成凸起,触点表面显示出浆糊状凝固物和喷发坑等电弧侵蚀形貌特征.     

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

PURPOSE: To optimize the performance of artificial neural networks in the prediction of pulmonary embolism from ventilation-perfusion (V-P) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neural networks were constructed with a set of V-P scan criteria that included sharpness and completeness of perfusion defects and involved quantification of abnormalities by using a continuous numeric scale. Several network parameters were systematically varied. Networks were trained with 150 cases and tested with 30 different cases. Findings were compared with those of pulmonary angiography. RESULTS: Networks capable of performing as well as experienced nuclear medicine physicians could be constructed with few V-P scan features. A brief training period was optimal (50-100 iterations). Further training diminished network performance. CONCLUSION: Effective neural networks can be constructed by using a limited number of unconventional V-P scan features. Several parameters can be adjusted to optimize performance.     

神经元网络技术在连铸漏钢预报中的应用

介绍在连铸神经元网络漏钢预报系统中开发应用的人工神经元网络技术。对人工神经元网络的结构选型和训练进行了说明。现场运行结果表明：该系统对于不同的生产条件和工艺参数均具有良好的性能。     

2%铝质量分数超高碳钢的球化退火工艺

 为获得完全球化的超高碳钢组织,基于离异共析转变机制对2%铝质量分数超高碳钢进行球化退火工艺研究。研究发现,由于成分的不均匀性,超高碳钢锻态组织由片层间距不一致的珠光体和网状碳化物组成,单纯使用离异共析工艺无法使其完全球化;2%铝质量分数超高碳钢锻态组织网状碳化物厚度在1 μm以下,[Acm]温度以下正火即可获得片层均匀细小的珠光体并消除网状碳化物;提高正火温度能显著减少正火组织中长条和短棒状碳化物的数量,利于获得较好的球化组织。2%铝质量分数超高碳钢经900～925 ℃正火后在830 ℃奥氏体化并在760 ℃等温4 h后获得了由超细铁素体＋细小球状渗碳体组成的完全球化组织。     

Quantitative correlation of breast tissue parameters using magnetic resonance and X-ray mammography

BACKGROUND: Disassembly of cytoplasmic microtubules by nocodazole in cultured mammalian cells leads to the disruption of the continuous ribbonlike Golgi apparatus and dispersal of the Golgi elements from their normal juxtanuclear location, close to the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC), toward the cell periphery. Clearing of the drug induces reassembly of the microtubules from the MTOC and reorganization of the Golgi elements into a continuous ribbonlike juxtanuclear structure. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Golgi apparatus does not form a continuous structure as in mammalian cells but instead constitutes independent units dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. It is the purpose of this article to investigate the role of microtubules in the structure and distribution of the Golgi elements in S. cerevisiae by studying the ultrastructure of cell organelles either in mutant cells deficient in beta-tubulin or in wild-type cells treated with the microtubule-depolymerizing drug nocodazole. METHODS: Two S. cerevisiae yeast strains were used in this study: a control wild-type strain, CUY226 (ade2-101, his3-delta 200, leu2-delta 1, lys2-801, ura3-52 Mat alpha), and a mutant strain, CUY66 (tub2-401, ade2-101, ura3-52, Mat alpha). Nocodazole was added to the wild-type cells cultivated at 30 degrees C, and cells were fixed 5 min, 20 min, and 60 min, respectively, after adding the drug to the culture. Both strains were fixed and examined 5 min, 20 min, and 60 min after shifting the cultures from the permissive temperature of 30 degrees C to the restrictive temperature of 14 degrees C. Cells were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde, treated for 15 min in 1% sodium metaperiodate, postfixed in reduced osmium, and embedded in Epon. To visualize the three-dimensional configuration of cell organelles, stereopairs were prepared from sections stained with lead citrate and tilted at +/- 15 degrees from the 0 degree position of the goniometric stage of the electron microscope. RESULTS: In mutant cells shifted to restrictive temperature and wild-type cells treated with nocodazole, the main ultrastructural modification was a fragmentation of networks of membranous tubules, which probably correspond to the yeast Golgi apparatus. Secretion granules were still present in growing buds, and they were dispersed in the cytoplasm, which contained in addition numerous small vesicles in the 30-60-nm diameter range. CONCLUSIONS: In normal cells, small vesicles may originate from the endoplasmic reticulum and fuse together to give rise to Golgi networks (Rambourg et al. 1994. Anat. Rec., 240:32-41). If this hypothesis is correct, the observations reported might indicate that intact microtubules orient the flow of small vesicles and favour their fusion into Golgi networks.     

连铸板坯质量判定专家系统应用及原理分析

介绍了几种类型连铸坯质量判定专家系统的应用及原理,并对目前正在开发的基于神经元网络的连铸坯质量判定专家系统作出分析.     

基于卷积神经网络的连续语音识别

在语音识别中,卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks,CNNs)相比于目前广泛使用的深层神经网络(deep neural network,DNNs),能在保证性能的同时,大大压缩模型的尺寸.本文深入分析了卷积神经网络中卷积层和聚合层的不同结构对识别性能的影响情况,并与目前广泛使用的深层神经网络模型进行了对比.在标准语音识别库TIMIT以及大词表非特定人电话自然口语对话数据库上的实验结果证明,相比传统深层神经网络模型,卷积神经网络明显降低模型规模的同时,识别性能更好,且泛化能力更强.      

Ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscopy of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum arrangement in human red, white, and intermediate muscle fibers

BACKGROUND: Human skeletal muscle fibers are the red, white, and intermediate fibers. They differ in their mitochondrial structure and enzyme activity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used on specially prepared specimens to determine the distinctive features of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in each fiber type. METHODS: Specimens of human limb muscles were glutaraldehyde fixed, frozen, fractured, and macerated by the aldehyde-osmium-DMSO-osmium procedure to expose large areas of mitochondria and SR. Osmium-hydrazine-impregnated tissues were examined without metal coating by ultra-high-resolution SEM. RESULTS: In white fibers, paired long, thin mitochondria encircled myofibrils at the I-band level. In red fibers, the paired rows of stubby mitochondria at the I-band level were often connected across the A-band to the next row of mitochondria by a slender mitochondrial stalk. Intermediate fiber mitochondria resembled those in red fibers but were longer and thinner. Intermyofibrillar mitochondrial columns were most common in red fibers. All three muscle types had T-tubules along the A-I junction level, and small periodic terminal cisternae formed triads or dyads. Sarcotubules from terminal cisternae formed continuous three-dimensional networks at the I-band level, but intermittent straight sarcotubules, narrow two-dimensional networks, and some axial tubules traversed the A-band. The subsarcolemmal space had continuous two-dimensional SR at the H-band level and a coarse SR network at the I-band. These two SR networks were connected by single A-band sarcotubules. CONCLUSIONS: Mitochondrial shape and configuration were distinctive for each human skeletal muscle fiber type, but the SR was similar in all muscles examined.     

Queueing network modeling of elementary mental processes.

This article examines the use of reaction time (RT) to infer the possible configurations of mental systems and presents a class of queueing network models of elementary mental processes. The models consider the temporal issue of discrete versus continuous information transmission in conjunction with the architectural issue of serial versus network arrangement of mental processes. Five elementary but important types of queueing networks are described in detail with regard to their predictions for RT behavior, and they are used to re-examine existing models for psychological processes. As continuous-transmission networks in the general form, queueing network models include the existing discrete and continuous serial models and discrete network models as special cases, cover a broader range of temporal and architectural structures that mental processes might assume, and can be subjected to empirical tests. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Satisfaction with social networks: An examination of socioemotional selectivity theory across cohorts.

This study examines L. L. Carstensen's (see records 1993-98639-005 and 1996-22608-001) socioemotional selectivity theory within and across three cohorts spanning 4 decades. Socioemotional selectivity theory predicts that as individuals age, they narrow their social networks to devote more emotional resources to fewer relationships with close friends and family. Data from 3 cohorts of nationally representative samples were analyzed to determine whether respondents' satisfaction with the size of their social networks differed by age, cohort, or both. Results support socioemotional selectivity theory: More older adults than younger adults were satisfied with the current size of their social networks rather than wanting larger networks. These findings are consistent across all cohorts. Results are discussed with respect to social relationships across the life course. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)