基于滑动摩擦的摩擦副表面织构优化分析

利用数值计算方法对织构化滑动摩擦副表面的动压润滑模型进行了求解,从理论上分析了表面织构不同截面类型和表面形状对摩擦副的润滑特性的影响,获得了特定工况下的最优织构参数和织构类型。结果表明：表面织构的不同截面类型和表面形状对摩擦副的摩擦系数和承载力有着非常大的影响;各类截面圆形凹坑都存在一个最优织构半径使得摩擦副摩擦系数最低;凹坑底面适当倾斜能够提高织构区域的承载能力和降低摩擦系数;各类典型表面形状中,底边靠近入口的倒三角形获得了最优的润滑性能;将凹坑底面合理倾斜与优化表面形状相结合可使得承载力得到大大提升。     

压铸ZL101A铝合金摩擦磨损性能及机理的研究

以汽车发动机缸体用的ZL101A铝合金作为研究对象,开展了在SiN、GCr15两种摩擦副条件下摩擦载荷对ZL101A铝合金磨损性能及磨损机理的研究.试验结果表明:ZL101A铝合金在SiN和GCr15两类摩擦副中,随着摩擦载荷由2N增加至4N时,平均摩擦系数和磨损量均先增加后降低;在不同摩擦载荷下,SiN摩擦副的试样摩擦磨损平均摩擦系数均低于GCr15摩擦副;摩擦磨损过程发生了剥层磨损、磨粒磨损、黏着磨损以及氧化磨损多种磨损机制,只是在不同的试验条件下磨损机制的作用程度不同;在SiN摩擦副中磨屑的黏着、碾压现象比GCr15摩擦副中更加明显,以至于SiN摩擦副中摩擦表明的氧化现象比GCr15摩擦副中更加明显.     

纳米填料增强UHMWPE–橡胶水润滑摩擦学性能

为了研究水润滑条件下试验载荷和速度对纳米碳化硅填料（Nano–SiC）改性超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）–橡胶复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,通过高温混炼、热压成型制备Nano–SiC辅以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）填充改性UHMWPE–橡胶复合材料;采用MRH–3型环–块摩擦试验机探究4种不同载荷条件下复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和非接触光学3维轮廓仪对试样微观磨损表面形貌分析,从微观层面探究改性复合材料的摩擦机理。试验结果表明：在定载变速条件下,速度由0.005 m/s升到0.541 m/s时,改性复合材料的动、静摩擦系数均呈现大幅下降趋势,摩擦系数波动归于平稳,黏–滑现象逐渐减弱直至消失。试验载荷和纳米粒子含量的变化与试样摩擦磨损程度呈负相关：在水润滑条件下,随着纳米粒子含量增加,摩擦系数与磨损率均出现明显降低,填充比例5%的复合材料摩擦学性能最佳,摩擦系数整体较UHMWPE–橡胶材料降低35%,磨损率降低46.6%,磨损表面形貌也随之发生改变;随着载荷的增加,复合材料的磨损率从1.25×10~(–6) mm~3/(N·m)降至0.40×10~(–6) mm~3/(N·m)。Nano–SiC的含量与工况载荷压力对摩擦磨损均存在一定影响,即填充适量Nano–SiC的UHMWPE–橡胶复合材料能减轻黏–滑现象,与一定工况压力下的对偶钢环组成的摩擦配副能有效改善摩擦性能,有利于减小水润滑轴承的磨损,增强传动系统服役寿命。     

UHMWPE人造表面织构摩擦学研究

由于表面形貌的摩擦学效应,可以使用人造表面织构对摩擦表面进行表面改性,以提高表面的相关性能.本文使用采用用照相制版电铸方法制作模板,压铸成型了两种不同直径和分布规律的UHMWPE试样表面,通过和常规车加工试样表面的对比试验,研究了人造表面织构对UHMWPE摩擦学性能的影响.试验结果显示人造表面织构可以减小UHMWPE摩擦副的摩擦系数,相关仿真研究显示人造表面织构改善了UHMWPE摩擦副接触界面上的热传导.     

不同密度的微凹波纹表面织构的摩擦特性

为研究不同密度的微凹波纹表面织构的摩擦特性,首先利用激光表面织构技术,对轴承钢试样表面进行微凹波纹织构化处理;其次采用销-盘摩擦副接触方式,在常温、常压及液体润滑的条件下,对不同密度的微凹波纹表面织构进行摩擦试验;最后借助扫描电子显微镜观察其表面形貌,并利用Stribeck曲线分析在不同实验条件下不同密度的微凹波纹织构表面的摩擦特性.结果表明:在一定转速范围内,微凹波纹表面织构的减摩效果随压力的增加而提高,摩擦系数值随着微凹波纹密度的增加而降低,其中密度为22.37%的微凹波纹织构的减摩效果最好.     

基于乳化液的ZCuPb20Sn5和ZL108摩擦磨损特性研究

为了考察ZCuPb20Sn5和ZL108在乳化液润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,在MMW-1摩擦磨损试验机上对两种材料进行了销盘摩擦副和止推圈摩擦副的试验研究,得出了在不同载荷和转速下,两种材料的磨损量、磨损率、摩擦力及摩擦系数等实验结果,采用MATLAB三次样条拟合工具分别得出了摩擦系数和磨损率与载荷和速度之间的关系曲线,用扫描电子显微镜对摩擦面进行了观察分析。结果表明,ZCuPb20Sn5比ZL108更适合于乳化液润滑条件下使用。     

氯化石蜡与二烷基硫代磷酸锌润滑性能研究

通过40CrNiMo环块与45钢试件在以150SN为基础油,以5%氯化石蜡和5%ZDDP为添加剂条件下,分别改变其载荷进行滑动摩擦试验,比较其摩擦磨损性能并分析其润滑性能.结果表明:以氯化石蜡为添加剂的条件下,摩擦系数比以ZDDP的降低13.68%,磨损量比ZDDP的降低33.3%;单氯化石蜡作为添加剂比单ZDDP作为添加剂条件下的润滑性能好.     

表面织构对发动机活塞/缸套摩擦性能的影响

为探讨表面织构对发动机活塞/缸套之间的摩擦特性的影响,利用微细电解加工技术在真实的活塞裙部表面制作了4种不同直径,5种不同深度的微米级表面织构;为模拟发动机的运动状态,研制了往复式摩擦磨损试验机,以活塞裙部片段为上试样,缸套片段为下试样,分别在4种不同载荷和转速条件下,对活塞/缸套摩擦性能进行了评价.研究表明,表面织构在活塞/缸套的摩擦过程中表现出了很好的减摩效果,直径250 μm、深度5 μm的表面织构在载荷200 N,转速200 r/min的条件下比没有织构的试样降低摩擦37.8%;磨损试验表明该种表面织构也可以起到较为明显的减磨作用.     

织构对混合润滑条件下人工关节材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

为探究织构在人工关节表面生物陶瓷涂层材料领域的应用效果,基于平均流量模型建立了椭圆形和圆形织构表面在混合润滑状态下的润滑计算模型,采用有限差分法结合数值迭代并通过Matlab编程对模型进行计算求解,得到计算域内的压力分布和织构表面的理论摩擦系数,以此作为织构表面摩擦学性能的判断标准进行比较分析。采用飞秒激光工艺在等离子喷涂HA/ZrO2生物涂层表面制备了面覆率均为10%的圆形织构和不同排布方式的椭圆形织构,并在UMT-3摩擦磨损试验机上进行往复摩擦试验。结果表明:在HA/ZrO2生物陶瓷涂层表面制备一定参数的织构阵列,可有效减小其摩擦系数,且长轴平行于上表面运动方向的椭圆形织构能产生更多的额外承载力,具有较优的减磨和抗摩效果。     

纳米填料增强UHMWPE–橡胶水润滑摩擦学性能

为了研究水润滑条件下试验载荷和速度对纳米填料（Nano-SiC）改性超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）/橡胶复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,通过高温混炼、热压成型制备Nano-SiC辅以聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）填充改性UHMWPE/橡胶复合材料。采用MRH-3型环-块摩擦实验机探究四种不同载荷条件下改性复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和非接触光学三维轮廓仪对试样微观磨损表面形貌分析,从微观层面探究改性复合材料的摩擦机理。试验结果表明：在定载变速条件下,速度由0.02m/s升到3.59m/s时,改性复合材料的动摩擦系数波动幅度与静摩擦系数均呈现大幅下降趋势,粘-滑现象（Stick-Slip Phenomenon）减弱,摩擦系数波动归于平稳;试验载荷和纳米粒子含量的变化与试样摩擦磨损程度呈负相关,在水润滑条件下,随着纳米粒子含量增加,摩擦系数与磨损率均出现明显降低,填充比例为5%的复合材料摩擦学性能最佳,摩擦系数整体较UHMWPE/橡胶材料降低35%,磨损率降低46.6%,磨损表面形貌也随之发生改变;随着载荷的增加,复合材料的磨损率从1.25×10-6mm3/(Nm)降至0.4×10-6mm3/(Nm)。Nano-SiC的含量与工况载荷压力对摩擦磨损均存在一定影响,即填充适量Nano-SiC的UHMWPE/橡胶复合材料与一定工况压力下的对偶钢环组成的摩擦配副能改善摩擦环境,减轻粘-滑现象,有利于减小材料的磨损。     

Preparation of tungsten disulfide motor oil and its tribological characteristics

Through using mineral oil and synthetic oil to deploy the semisynthesis base oil, modifying the surfaces of ultrafine tungsten disulfide grains by surface chemical embellishment and adsorption embellishment to make them suspended steadily in the base oil as solid lubricating additive, and adding some function additives, the tungsten disulfide motor oil was prepared. The tribological characteristics of this kind motor oil and the well-known motor oils in our country and overseas were studied. The results show that the oil film strength of this kind of motor oil is respectively 1.06 and 1.38 times of that of shell helix ultra motor oil and great wall motor oil, and its sintering load is 1.75 and 2.33 times of that of them, and when tested under 392 N, 1 450 r/min and 30 min, the friction coefficients of friction pairs lubricated by the tungsten disulfide motor oil decrease with the increase of time, meanwhile, the diameter of worn spot is small, and the surface of worn spot is smooth, and no obvious furrows appear. The experiments indicate that the tungsten disulfide motor oil has the better antiwear, antifriction and extreme pressure properties than the well-known motor oils.     

Preparation of nano-copper as lubrication oil additive

Nano-copper used as lubrication oil additive has good tribological property and active self-repairing effect for friction pairs. The reduction in liquid phase for preparing nano-additive is one of the most common method.Nano-copper was prepared by reduction in liquid phase. The different project and routine practice for preparing nano-copper were researched. The dispersion problem of nano-copper was investigated by surface treatment and high dispersion. The particles dimension, the dispersion stability and the purity of nano-copper were characterized by TEM and XRD. The conclusion indicates that the methods of the preparation and dispersion can obtain 20 nm copper additive with good dispersion property in lubrication oil.     

Influence of groove surface texture on temperature rise under dry sliding friction

Parallel groove surface textures with different area densities were fabricated on ASTM 1045 steel. Friction tests were conducted under dry sliding condition. Temperature rise, friction coefficient and wear of both the textured and untextured specimens were studied. An embedded K-type thermocouple beneath the friction surfaces was employed to measure frictional temperature rise. The results indicated that the temperature rise of the textured specimen was obviously reduced compared with that of the untextured specimen, although the difference between the friction coefficients was not significant. The specimen with high texture density exhibited a small temperature rise. The difference in temperature rise between the specimens with different texture densities can be primarily attributed to differences in heat dissipation and energy allocation between the tribo-pairs caused by the textured structure. The energy consumed by wear and plastic deformation was small in comparison with the total energy input by friction, thus, the influence of these factors on temperature rise can be considered to be negligible.     

抗磨液压油台架试验中高压泵摩擦副磨损的模糊综合评判

针对抗磨液压油台架试验中高压泵摩擦副磨损状态和机理的复杂性,提出高压泵摩擦副磨损的多层次评价目标体系,采用加权平均型的模糊算子对各层次评价目标进行综合评价,较全面地吸收了诸多评价目标所提供的各种信息。详细叙述计算方法和计算过程,并建立了模糊评价的数学模型,通过C程序设计,用微机给出综合评价的最终结果,对高压泵摩擦副磨损状态作出了科学定量化评判。     

High temperature tribological behaviors of nano-diamond as oil additive

The tribological behaviors of the nano-diamond particles including the nano-diamond and the nano-diamond modified were studied at high temperature using SRV multifunctional test system. The worn steel surfaces were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that nano-diamond particles can obviously improve the antiwear and friction reducing properties of the base oil at high temperature and the high load. The friction coefficient of the nano-diamond is very low at 200 °C when the test load is not more than 20 N. This tribological behaviors should attributed to the similarly to “ball bearing” lubrication action of the nano-diamond particles, so the movement between tribological pairs become sliding/rolling. The nano-diamond modified by dimer ester possesses excellent antiwear and friction reducing performance at 500 °C and load 500 N. The tribochemical reaction film between the nano-diamond particles and the renascent wear surface plays dominating lubrication role and the presence of the dimer ester on the rubbing surface can be propitious to form lubrication film containing nano-diamond on the worn surface at high temperature and high load. Foundation item: Project (51489020605JS9105) supported by National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing     

Preparation of nano-copper as lubrication oil additive

Nano-copper used as lubrication oil additive has good tribological property and active self-repairing effect for friction pairs. The reduction in liquid phase for preparing nano-additive is one of the most common method. Nano-copper was prepared by reduction in liquid phase. The different project and routine practice for preparing nano-copper were researched. The dispersion problem of nano-copper was investigated by surface treatment and high dispersion. The particles dimension, the dispersion stability and the purity of nano-copper were characterized by TEM and XRD. The conclusion indicates that the methods of the preparation and dispersion can obtain 20 nm copper additive with good dispersion property in lubrication oil. Foundation item: Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

任意卷吸速度矢量点接触摩擦系数简化计算方法

针对弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮传动的空间点接触摩擦系数求解复杂问题,考虑油膜入口区温升与中心油膜厚度以及接触区温升与摩擦系数间的耦合关系,提出任意卷吸速度矢量点接触的摩擦系数简化计算方法. 基于所提方法分析在不同工况下的点接触中心油膜厚度和摩擦系数,并将油膜厚度和摩擦系数与文献实验数据进行对比. 结果表明：在高速工况下,入口区温升和接触区温升显著,忽略温升影响将使油膜厚度和摩擦系数预测结果偏大;卷吸速度夹角对油膜厚度影响较大,对摩擦系数影响相对较小;在任意卷吸速度夹角工况下,点接触油膜厚度和摩擦系数预测结果与文献实验结果一致,验证摩擦系数简化计算方法的可靠性.     

液黏调速离合器油槽结构参数优化设计

为了减小液黏调速离合器的带排转矩,降低摩擦副的空载功率损失,以双圆弧油槽摩擦副为研究对象,建立基于计算流体动力学流场数值分析、实验设计方法、响应曲面法及数值优化算法为一体的液黏调速离合器摩擦副集成优化设计平台.分析液黏调速离合器摩擦副油槽参数对带排转矩的影响,对结构参数进行优化设计.结果表明：随着油槽宽度和油槽深度的增大,液黏调速离合器转矩均呈现下降的趋势,但是随着油槽数目的增多,液黏调速离合器转矩呈现单调上升的趋势.优化后,减小了液黏调速离合器的带排转矩,提高了发动机的实际输出功率.     

纳米SiC颗粒作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

采用表面修饰法制备了聚合物包覆的纳米SiC颗粒，采用M-200环块试验机进行摩擦磨损试验，研究了表面修饰的纳米SiC颗粒添加荆对发动机润滑油(15W／40)减摩性能的影响，并利用扫描电子显微镜对磨块的磨损表面形貌进行观察，分析了润滑荆的减摩机理．结果表明：当滑动线速度为0．42m／s、载荷低于1000N时，纳米SiC颗粒的加入导致磨损失重的提高；当载荷提高到1300N时，纳米SiC颗粒的加入使磨损失重低于相同条件下以基础油作润滑剂的磨损失重；当滑动线速度为0．84m／s、载荷为1000N时，纳米SiC颗粒的加入使磨损失重为相同条件下以基础油作为润滑剂磨损失重的40％。