Effect of enamel coating on oxidation and hot corrosion behaviors of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloy

The effect of enamel coating on the isothermal and cyclic oxidation at 900 °C in air and on the hot corrosion resistance of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V in both 85% Na₂SO₄+15%K₂SO₄ and 15%NaCl+85% Na₂SO₄ molten mixed salts at 850 °C was investigated. The results indicated that Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloy exhibited poor oxidation resistance due to the formation of nonprotective Al₂O₃+TiO₂+AlNbO₄ scales and poor hot corrosion resistance due to the spallation of scales formed in molten Na₂SO₄+K₂SO₄ and NaCl+Na₂SO₄. Enamel coating suppressed the migration of oxygen and corrosive ions into the substrate to improve the oxidation and hot corrosion resistance of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloy. However, the dissolution of oxides components of the coating into the molten salts degraded enamel coating and the degradation of the coating involved a process by which Cl⁻ anion penetrated into the substrate through voids in the coating to accelerate corrosion of Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V alloy.     

High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Ti-22Al-27(Nb, Zr) Alloys

研究了Ti2Al Nb基合金Ti-22Al-(27-x)Nb-x Zr(x=0,1,6,at%)在650~800℃的氧化行为。采用XRD和SEM等测试技术对此温度区间形成的氧化层特征进行了分析。结果表明,相比Ti-22Al-27Nb,含锆合金具有较好的抗氧化性能。Ti-22Al-(27-x)Nb-x Zr合金在650℃氧化100 h,主要氧化产物为Ti O2,而在800℃氧化100 h,Ti O2,Al2O3和Al Nb O4为主要产物,但是在Ti-22Al-21Nb-6Zr合金中还有Zr O2生成。Ti-22Al-26Nb-1Zr合金具有优异抗氧化性能,归因于氧化产物细化形成了致密的氧化层,而Ti-22Al-21Nb-6Zr合金,虽然在800℃也形成了较多Al2O3,但是氧化层中的Zr O2为氧的快速扩散提供通道,进而导致该合金氧化增重明显。     

Ti60合金表面电弧离子镀Ti-Al-Cr(Si,Y)防护涂层的热腐蚀行为

采用电弧离子镀技术在Ti60合金表面制备了Ti-48%Al-12%Cr(0.2%Si,0.1%Y,原子分数)防护涂层.利用XRD,SEM和EDS研究了Ti60合金及Ti-Al-Cr(Si,Y)涂层在Na_2SO_4和75%Na_2SO_4+25%K_2SO_4(质量分数)中800及850℃下的热腐蚀行为.结果表明,Ti60合金基体在800和850℃的硫酸盐中发生了严重的腐蚀,腐蚀产物发生了明显剥落.涂层样品在800和850℃的硫酸盐腐蚀介质中,表面形成了保护性的氧化膜,可以有效地保护Ti60合金免受腐蚀破坏.Ti60合金及涂层样品在75%Na_2SO_4+25%K_2SO_4混合硫酸盐中的腐蚀比在纯K_2SO_4中剧烈.Si和Y元素的加入使得Ti-Al-Cr-Si和Ti-Al-Cr-Si-Y涂层在硫酸盐中抗热腐蚀性能优于Ti-Al-Cr涂层.     

Isothermal oxidation behavior of Ti3Al-based alloy at 700-1000℃ in air

The isothermal oxidation behavior of a Ti3Al-based alloy (Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V-0.5Mo-0.3Si, molar fraction, %) at 700- 1 000 ℃ in air was investigated. The oxidation kinetics of tested alloy approximately obeys the parabolic law, which shows that the oxidation process is dominated by the diffusion of ions. The oxidation diffusion activity energy is 241.32 kJ/mol. The tested alloy exhibits good oxidation resistance at 700 ℃. However, when the temperature is higher than 900 ℃, the oxidation resistance becomes poor. The XRD results reveal that the oxide product consists of a mixture of TiO2 and Al2O3. Serious crack and spallation of oxide scale occur during cooling procedure after being exposed at 1 000 ℃ in air for 16 h. According to the analysis of SEM/EDS and XRD, it is concluded that the Al2O3 oxide forms at the initially transient oxidation stage and most of it keeps in the outer oxide layer during the subsequent oxidation procedure.     

Ti3Al基合金的弹性变形能与空蚀

利用旋转圆盘装置研究了Ti3Al基合金Ti-24A1-15Nb-1Mo的空蚀行为，并用洛氏硬度仪模拟空蚀过程中微射流所产生的局部载荷对Ti-24A1-15Nb-1Mo合金的作用，测量了压头加载过程中该合金吸收的总能量和弹性变形能(选择我国水利机械常用0Cr13Ni5Mo马氏体不锈钢作对比材料)。结果表明：Ti-24Al-15Nb-1Mo合金的抗空蚀性能优于0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢，空蚀40h后前者的累积体积损失量仅为0．551mm^3，而后者的累积体积损失量达到2．615mm^3；在局部载荷作用下，Ti-24Al-15Nb-1Mo合金不仅有较高的加工硬化能力，而且有较好的弹性性能；在压痕试验中其弹性变形能在总变形能量中所占比例达到1／3。这些性能特点使Ti-24Al-15Nb-1Mo合金在空蚀过程中能吸收和释放较多的冲击能量，延缓裂纹形成，减少体积损失，呈现良好的抗空蚀性能。     

Electrochemical Behavior of Biomedical Titanium Alloys Coated with Diamond Carbon in Hanks’ Solution

Biomedical implants in the knee and hip are frequent failures because of corrosion and stress on the joints. To solve this important problem, metal implants can be coated with diamond carbon, and this coating plays a critical role in providing an increased resistance to implants toward corrosion. In this study, we have employed diamond carbon coating over Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloys using hot filament chemical vapor deposition method which is well-established coating process that significantly improves the resistance toward corrosion, wears and hardness. The diamond carbon-coated Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy showed an increased microhardness in the range of 850 HV. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization studies in SBF solution (simulated body fluid solution) were carried out to understand the in vitro behavior of uncoated as well as coated titanium alloys. The experimental results showed that the corrosion resistance of Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy is relatively higher when compared with diamond carbon-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloys due to the presence of β phase in the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy. Electrochemical impedance results showed that the diamond carbon-coated alloys behave as an ideal capacitor in the body fluid solution. Moreover, the stability in mechanical properties during the corrosion process was maintained for diamond carbon-coated titanium alloys.     

Hot Corrosion Behavior of SiO_2–Al_2O_3–Glass Composite Coating on Ti–47Al–2Cr–2Nb Alloy: Diffusion Barrier for S and Cl

Type Ⅰ hot corrosion behavior of SiO_2-Al_2O_3-glass composite coating based on Ti-47 Al-2 Cr-2 Nb substrate was investigated in the mixture salt of 25 wt%NaCl + 75 wt%Na_2SO_4 at 850 °C. The results showed that there was a bidirectional ion exchange between composite coating and the film of mixed salts, and the sodium ion in the molten salts penetrated into the glass matrix of composite coating, while the potassium ion in the glass matrix dissolved into the molten salts. A decrease in hot corrosion rate was achieved for the coated alloy in comparison with the bared substrate due to the composite coating acting as a diffusion barrier to sulfur and chlorine and preventing the molten salts from diffusing to the coating/alloy interface during the hot corrosion exposure. Additionally, the composite coating decreased the oxygen partial pressure at the coating/alloy interface and promoted the selective oxidation of Al to form a protective Al_2O_3 layer.     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔MCrAlY涂层热腐蚀性能

采用等离子喷涂技术在TiAl合金表面制备了MCrAlY涂层,并用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了TiAl合金、等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层及激光重熔MCrAlY涂层850℃下75%Na₂SO₄+25%NaCl(质量分数)混合盐浸泡热腐蚀性能,分析了不同试样的热腐蚀破坏机理,并讨论了激光重熔处理对涂层热腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层能显著提高TiAl合金的耐热腐蚀性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其耐热腐蚀性能.MCrAlY涂层在高温熔盐中的热腐蚀发生的是表面氧化反应和内部硫化反应,主要生成Al₂O₃,Cr₂O₃,NiO,NiCr₂O₄,Ni₃S₂及CrS等腐蚀产物.     

两种热喷涂层的耐高温腐蚀性能研究

用金相显微镜观测了CT45和A合金两种热喷涂层的微观组织和涂层厚度,用失重法测量了两种涂层在700℃时的耐高温氧化性和在模拟介质条件下的耐高温腐蚀性能。结果表明：两种涂层均与基体结合良好,涂层厚度为35μm;700％时,CT45涂层的耐高温性能好于A合金涂层;在模拟的多相混合物腐蚀环境中,A合金涂层的耐高温腐蚀能力要好于CT45涂层。     

Cavitation erosion resistance and ratio of elastic deformation energy to total deformation energy for Ti_3Al and TiNiNb alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONCavitationerosioniscausedbythegrowthandcollapseofvaporcavitiesorbubblesduetolocalpres surefluctuationinaliquid[1] .Itisaseriousprobleminhigh speedcomponentsofhydraulicmachines .Al thoughagreatamountofworkonthecavitationphe nomenahasbeen published ,thecavitationerosionmechanismofmaterialsisstillnotunderstoodcom pletely .Itisgenerallybelieved[2 ,3] thatmechanicalattackisadominantmechanismforcavitationero sion .Manyinvestigations[4 6 ] attemptedtocorrelatethemechanicalproperti…     

Nb−Si基超高温合金在900℃下的氧化和热腐蚀行为

对Nb?Si基超高温合金在900℃ 下的氧化和热腐蚀行为进行研究.结果表明:合金的氧化和热腐蚀动力学均由初始的抛物线增长阶段和随后的线性快速增长阶段组成.在氧化的初始阶段(1～50 h),合金表面形成较薄且连续的氧化膜,而在随后的线性阶段,合金表面发生严重的"粉化"现象.合金经热腐蚀后,其线性增长阶段发生得更早,同时在...     

Ta含量对Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-xTa合金力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

系统研究了Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-x Ta(x=0,0.2,0.5,1.0,3.0,5.0)合金的微观组织、拉伸性能、夏比冲击韧性和耐海水腐蚀性。结果表明,经α+β两相区锻造后,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-5Ta合金获得片层组织,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-x Ta(x=0,0.2,0.5,1.0,3.0)均获得双态组织。XRD、TEM和选区电子衍射表明,在添加Ta元素后,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-x Ta合金没有新相产生。对于双态组织Ti-6Al-3Nb-Zr-1M0-x Ta合金,随着Ta含量的增加,其Mo当量逐渐增加,导致其屈服强度、抗拉强度和显微硬度均有所提高。而Ta含量对冲击吸收功的影响规律与屈服强度和抗拉强度的影响规律相反,其大小与冲击断口剪切唇区面积一致。当Ta含量超过1.0%(质量分数)时,由于α和β相之间的标准平衡电位差逐渐增大,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-x Ta合金的耐海水腐蚀逐渐降低。综合考虑强度、冲击韧性和耐海水腐蚀性能,Ti-6Al-3Nb-2Zr-1Mo-1Ta合金综合匹配性最好,具有良好的海洋工程应用潜力。     

Hot Corrosion Behavior of a High Velocity Arc-Sprayed Fe-Cr-B-C Coating

A Fe-Cr-B-C coating was prepared by electric arc spraying process to prevent the boiler tubes from hot corrosion at elevated temperatures.A hot corrosion resistance test was conducted in a mixed molten salt of Na2SO4 and K2SO4(7:3)at 700 ℃for a total period of 156 h.The microstructure and phases of the coatings before and after exposed to the hot corrosion were investigated by scanning election microscopy(SEM),optical microscopy(OM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The hardness and porosity were analyzed.The hot corrosion behavior of the coatings was examined by the measurement of corrosion mass gain and the observation of corrosion morphology.The results show that some splats of particles are formed on flat substrate surfaces and the coatings have a dense typical layer structure of electric arc thermally spraying deposits.Some amorphous phase exist in the coating.The coatings have an excellent resistance to hot corrosion.The formation of oxides of chromium on the exposed surface may be contributing better resistance to hot corrosion.The corrosion of the coatings follows the oxidation and sulfidation mechanism.     

Al/Cr复合涂层对Ti2AlNb合金抗热腐蚀性能的影响

目的改善Ti2AlNb合金在高温腐蚀盐环境中的耐热腐蚀性能。方法在Ti2AlNb合金表面通过双层辉光等离子渗铬及磁控溅射镀铝技术制备Al/Cr复合涂层,分析涂层热腐蚀前后的微观形貌和物相组成,并探究涂覆Na2SO4盐膜的试样在不同温度下(750、850、950℃)的热腐蚀行为。结果Al/Cr复合涂层组织均匀致密,且与基体结合良好,厚度约73μm,由表及里依次由Al沉积层、Al/Cr合金层、Cr沉积层、Cr扩散层四部分组成。经不同温度Na2SO4盐热腐蚀后,Al/Cr复合涂层腐蚀程度均显著小于合金基体。涂层试样经750~850℃Na2SO4盐热腐蚀后质量变化较小,850℃腐蚀增重仅0.525 mg/cm^2,而经历950℃、40 h熔盐热腐蚀后失重达到73.571 mg/cm^2,且试样截面出现剥离、脱落现象,Al/Cr复合涂层抵抗热腐蚀能力减弱。结论具有涂层保护的试样抗热腐蚀性能明显优于合金基体。Al/Cr复合涂层在750~850℃Na2SO4盐环境中具有良好的热腐蚀抗力,而更高温度段(850~950℃)的热腐蚀抗力下降。Al/Cr复合涂层在Na2SO4盐环境中良好的抗热腐蚀性得益于涂层中Al、Cr元素氧化形成以Al2O3、Cr2O3为主的混合氧化膜,有效阻碍外界氧气及腐蚀性介质侵入基体。     

STUDY ON HIGH TEMPERATURE PERFORMANCES OF MCrAlX COATINGS DEPOSITED BY MULTI ARC ION PLATING

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＧａｓｔｕｒｂｉｎｅｅｎｇｉｎｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｐｒｏｐｕｌｓｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍｓａｎｄｉｎｐｏｗｅｒｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｎｇｅｑｕｉｐｍｅｎｔ．Ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｕｓｅｄｉｎｇａｓｔｕｒｂｉｎｅｓｍａｙｂｅｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｅｄｔｏａｒａｎｇｅｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｄｅｐｅｎｄｉｎｇｕｐｏｎｔｈｅｉｒｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｇｉｎｅａｎｄｔｈｅｏｐｅｒａｔｉｎｇｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅｕｎｉｔ．…     

超音速喷涂45CT涂层在KCl+K2SO4+Na2SO4熔融盐中的热腐蚀行为

目的研究超音速喷涂45CT涂层抗KCl+K_2SO_4+Na_2SO_4熔融盐腐蚀性能,了解45CT涂层在熔融盐中的防护及失效机制。方法将试样置于KCl+K_2SO_4+Na_2SO_4混合熔盐中,获得样品在熔盐中不同温度下的腐蚀动力学规律。采用XRD、SEM、EDS对高温腐蚀产物成分、结构、形貌进行分析。结果 45CT涂层在熔融盐中的主要腐蚀产物为Cr_2O_3、NaCrO_2。在600℃和650℃下,涂层能较好地保护基体,涂层上腐蚀产物层较薄;而在700℃下,涂层退化严重,涂层内有大量金属硫化物,基体中的Fe向涂层扩散。结论在高温条件下,涂层易发生硫化,导致涂层与氧化膜的弱结合。随着测试温度升高,涂层在KCl+K_2SO_4+Na_2SO_4熔融盐中的热腐蚀越严重,涂层失效加快。     

Effect of nanocrystallization on hot corrosion resistance of Ti-48Al-8Cr-2Ag alloy in molten salts

1 Introduction There was considerable interest in the use of γ-TiAl alloys within advanced gas turbines where they offered greater high temperature capability over conventional titanium at reduced mass. These factors would enable engines with greater th…     

Effects of minor yttrium addition on hot deformability of lamellar Ti-45Al-SNb alloy

The effects of 0.3%（molar fraction, the same below） yttrium addition on hot deformability of lamellar Ti-45Al-5Nb alloy were investigated by simulated isothermal forging tests. The ingots with the nominal compositions of Ti-45Al-5Nb and Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y were prepared by induction skull melting. Simulated isothermal forging tests were conducted on Gleeble 1500D thermo-simulation machine using a 6 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length compressive specimen at the deformation temperatures of 1 100, 1 150, 1 200 ℃ and strain rates of 1.0, 0.1, 0.01 s^-1. The results show that yttrium addition remarkably improves hot deformability of Ti-45Al-5Nb alloy. An appropriate hot deformation processing parameter of Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y alloy is determined as 1 200 ℃, 0.01 s^-1. The flow stresses are decreased by yttrium addition under the same compressive conditions. The activation energies of deformation Q are calculated as 448.6 and 399.5 kJ/mol for Y-free and Y-containing alloys, respectively. The deformed microstructure observation under 1 200 ℃, 0.01 s^-1 condition indicates that Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y alloy shows more dynamic recrystallization. The improvement of hot deformability of Ti-45Al-5Nb-0.3Y alloy induced by yttrium addition should be attributed to that the smaller the original lamellar colonies, the lower the deformation resistance and activation energy of deformation are, and the more the dynamic recrystallization is.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of low- and heavy-alloyed intermetallic alloys based on γ-TiAl + α2-Ti3Al

The microstructure and mechanical properties of the Ti-43.7Al-3.2(Nb,Cr,Mo)-0.2B alloy in the as-cast state (after gasostatistic processing) and of the Ti-45Al-8Nb-0.2C alloy after hot extrusion at temperatures corresponding to the ?? + ?? phase field followed by heat treatment have been studied. The extruded heavy-alloyed alloy has demonstrated significantly higher plastic/mechanical properties at room temperature with close values of the plasticity/tensile strength and long-term strength at elevated temperatures. A comparison of the results with literature data has shown the properties of the as-cast Ti-43.7Al-3.2(Nb,Cr,Mo)-0.2B to be similar to or superior to those of the best-known casting ?? (TiAl) + ??₂ (Ti₃Al) alloys.     

Mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of low rigidity quaternary titanium alloy for biomedical applications

Electrochemical corrosion of Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr alloy fabricated by arc melting and heat treatment process was studied in 0.9% NaCl at (37±1) °C. Phase and microstructure of the fabricated alloy were investigated using X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. Mechanical properties such as yield strength and elastic modulus of the alloy were determined by tensile test. Potentiodynamic polarization technique and impedance spectroscopy were employed to study the corrosion behavior. The results of the study were compared with those obtained for Ti-6Al-4V commercial alloy. The result of the study supports feasibility of Ti-35Nb-5Ta-7Zr alloy for implant applications.