约束条件对传爆药输出压力的影响

采用锰铜测压实验测定了较小装药直径下，强约束、弱约束及无约束条件下传爆药HMX／F2641的输出压力，并运用冲击动力学进行了探讨，混合炸药实验密度为90％的理论密度。试验结果显示在较小装药直径下，约束条件对传爆药输出压力的影响总趋势表现为传爆药的输出压力随约束条件阻抗的增加而增大；装药直径为3.0～5.0mm，这种影响较小；装药直径为1．5mm时，其影响较大。     

分步压装装药的安全性分析

介绍了分步压装工艺中装药结构的特点,利用大型冲击模拟加载装置对不同密度的高能炸药药柱进行了安全性模拟实验,并对实验结果进行了理论分析。结果显示,在无缺陷条件下,装药点火阈值较高;在含缺陷条件下,孔隙率越大,点火阈值越高,说明提高装药质量,可以提高装药的抗过载安全性;装药中保持一定的孔隙率可以提高装药的抗过载能力,从而说明了分步压装工艺装药密度分布对装药的抗过载安全性是有利的。     

一种工业CT定量检测炸药装药密度的方法

为了定量检测炸药的装药密度,提出了一种工业CT测量炸药装药密度的线性换算法。用蒸馏水制备已知密度的盐溶液作密度标准件,对该方法进行了验证。用该方法测量了某战斗部产品实际装药密度和某种炸药药柱的密度。结果表明,该法与排水法测量装药密度或药柱密度之间的误差为1%。认为线性换算法简单、实用,能用于检测结构简单样品的装药密度。     

压装工艺对CL-20基炸药性能及聚能破甲威力的影响

利用常温成型和热压成型两种工艺制备了典型的CL-20基混合炸药装药,测试了其装药密度、密度均匀性、力学性能、爆速,计算了格尼系数。对Φ50mm标准聚能装药进行了破甲试验。验证了不同压装工艺条件下装填CL-20基炸药装药聚能射流对45号钢靶的侵彻深度和穿孔直径效果。结果表明,与常温成型CL-20基装药相比,热压成型工艺条件时装药的密度提高不小于1.46%,密度均匀性、爆速和格尼系数和破甲能力试验数据均有不同程度的提高,且Φ50mm标准聚能射流对45号钢靶的平均穿深从310mm提高至343mm,平均穿孔直径由18.0mm增至23.5mm。     

破甲战斗部新型装药－聚奥黑炸药

一种新型的破甲战斗部装药－聚奥黑炸药是以HMX／RDX二种单质炸药为主体炸药的压装高聚物粘结炸药，其主要特点是可以通过改变HMX／RDX的组成比例，得到不同爆炸能量的系列化产品，更为突出的是，合理选择HMX／RDX比例，使PBX装药具有与HMX相近的高爆炸能量，而成本费用大幅度降低，经过在破甲战斗部中应用试验表明，聚奥黑炸药的装药密度高，破甲威力大，是一种适合装填各类破甲战斗的新型装药。     

熔铸炸药研究现状与发展趋势

熔铸炸药是目前战斗部最主要的装药方式之一,但是现有以TNT为载体的熔铸炸药配方在能量、安全性、装药质量和力学性能等方面存在明显缺陷。本文详细综述了熔铸炸药连续相、高能量密度材料、综合降感技术、流变性研究和装药工艺5个方面国内外的研究现状,特别是归纳了以NTO、DNTF等为代表的新型含能材料的应用情况,提出了熔铸炸药在新型载体物质、高能钝感单质炸药、共晶炸药、功能助剂、高固相含量熔铸体系装药工艺等方面未来的主要发展方向。     

等静压成型 JB9014e 工艺研究

研究了比压、温度、压制次数、保压时间对ＪＢ９０１４ｅ炸药装药密度的影响。获得了优化工艺参数。     

炮射杀爆弹装药安全失效的影响因素

通过系统分析炮射杀爆弹装药安全失效的影响因素,综合得出炸药装药的安全失效主要是由装药缺陷和使用不当引起的。详细论述了常用炸药的装药缺陷,分析了装药缺陷形成的原因及其对杀爆弹安全失效的影响;杀爆弹装药过程中装药底隙、装药密度和杂质及使用过程中温度、勤务、贮存对安全失效的影响;提出了提高杀爆弹炸药装药安全性的措施。     

论双螺杆型装药机对药卷性能的影响因素

本文从乳化炸药的敏化方式、半成品密度、装药时间、装药温度、装药压力等环节,分析了双螺杆型装药机生产出来的乳化炸药药卷性能受影响的相关因素,为使用双螺杆型装药机在装药过程提供借鉴。     

一种DNAN基熔铸炸药的装药工艺探究

通过一种DNAN基熔铸炸药在某型弹药战斗部中的实际装药,研究其在不同梯度护理参数、不同搅拌速度、不同回用药比例情况下的装药变化和装药质量好坏。首先通过梯度护理参数实验得到一个有良好装药质量,没有明显装药缺陷的基本工艺参数,然后通过改变搅拌速度、回用药比例进行若干组装药实验,研究各参数对装药质量的影响。结果表明,不同梯度护理参数、搅拌速度、回用药比例情况下的装药质量有显著差别,装药质量与装药密度呈正相关,临界平均装药密度约为1. 65g/cm~3,当平均装药密度大于此值,装药质量较好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。