整数DCT变换中变换基的通用生成算法

H.264是ITU与ISO联合共同开发的具有高编码效率、高压缩质量的视频新标准。整数变换是其提高压缩性能最主要的改进方法之一,基于同样的整数变换过程的变换基可以不唯一,因此在整数变换的理论确定后,寻找变换基是一件重要的工作,提出了一种通用的变换基生成算法。该方法通过分析整数DCT变换的原理,指出了整数变换矩阵应该满足的4个约束条件,以满足正交性约束为出发点,导出了整数矩阵元素之间的数量关系,并辅以另外3个约束条件,采用搜索的方法寻找变换基。实验结果表明,该算法在经过几十步的搜索后,就能找出所有可用的变换基,JVT参考模型用到的变换基也在其中。     

适用于分布式视频编码框架的整数离散余弦变换算法

鉴于H.264的整数离散余弦变换(DCT)算法及其量化方法复杂度高,难以直接应用于分布式视频编码(DVC)框架的现状,提出了一种基于大跨度定长(步长为2的正整数次方)量化的整数DCT算法及变换基生成方法。该算法充分地利用整数DCT基的可伸缩特性寻找最迎合硬件工作原理的变换基,在保证“小”变换基的同时将编码器的伸缩量化阶段“转移”到解码器一端以降低编码器复杂度。在“转移”过程中,该算法利用DCT系数饱和放大保证图像质量,利用DCT系数的溢出上限保证算法的可靠性,通过减小基偏差提高压缩性能。实验结果表明,与H.264对应模块相比,该算法的量化方式便于位平面提取,在图像质量达到准无损压缩的前提下将编码器的伸缩量化阶段的运算量缩减至16次整型常量加法运算,图像质量与压缩率的性价比提升了23.9%,适用于分布式编码框架。     

计算q1^l×q2^l二维DCT的快速算法

离散余弦变换(DCT)广泛应用于信号处理的许多领域,多维DCT(MD-DCT)是图像处理和视频信号处理的重要工具.通常,多维DCT采用行列法用一维算法实现,实现效率较低.近年来虽然出现了一些多维DCT直接实现算法,但大多要求变换为2n×2n,限制了适用范围.该文研究较一般的二维DCT快速算法,将ql1×ql2(q为奇素数;l1,l2分别为两个不同的整数)二维DCT转化为多项式变换和一维简化余弦变换,通过特别设计的快速多项式变换算法和1D-RDCT递归分解算法,提出了一种计算复杂性较低且具有规则运算结构的ql1×ql2二维DCT算法.本算法的设计方法可以方便地推广到多维(>2)的情况.     

计算q~(l_1)×q~(l_2)二维DCT的快速算法

离散余弦变换 (DCT)广泛应用于信号处理的许多领域 ,多维 DCT(MD- DCT)是图像处理和视频信号处理的重要工具 .通常 ,多维 DCT采用行列法用一维算法实现 ,实现效率较低 .近年来虽然出现了一些多维 DCT直接实现算法 ,但大多要求变换为 2 n× 2 n,限制了适用范围 .该文研究较一般的二维 DCT快速算法 ,将 ql1 × ql2 (q为奇素数 ;l1 ,l2 分别为两个不同的整数 )二维 DCT转化为多项式变换和一维简化余弦变换 ,通过特别设计的快速多项式变换算法和 1D- RDCT递归分解算法 ,提出了一种计算复杂性较低且具有规则运算结构的 ql1 × ql2 二维 DCT算法 .本算法的设计方法可以方便地推广到多维 (>2 )的情况 .     

基于多项式变换的二维整型离散余弦变换快速算法

提出了一种基于多项式变换的二维整型离散余弦变换（DCT）快速算法,利用多项式变换将二维DCT变换的计算转化为一系列一维DCT变换及其变换系数的求和运算,减少了乘法和加法的计算量;利用提升矩阵,实现了整型DCT变换,进一步提高了运算效率的同时,使信号可精确重构。     

基于多项式运算的无累积误差Loeffler DCT算法

为避免离散余弦变换(DCT)中的乘法操作以及运算过程中的累积误差,提出一种基于多项式运算的Loeffler DCT算法。将传统Loeffler DCT算法的流程分成3个模块:常规数值运算模块、多项式运算模块和结果再生模块;通过多项式运算,DCT算法中涉及到的无理数乘法操作被分解成简单的整数加减及移位运算。分析和实验结果表明,该算法能完全避免乘法操作,且由于无计算累积误差,在图像处理过程中能保证较高的图像质量。     

AVS标准中整数DCT变换快速算法的硬件设计

介绍了AVS标准中整数DCT变换矩阵的化简方法,该方法提高了一维整数DCT变换硬件实现的速度。基于此一维整数DCT变换,采用模块复用和流水线设计,实现了二维整数DCT直接变换在一个时钟周期内完成,工作频率可达160MHz。仿真结果证实了该算法的有效性。     

基于整数DCT变换的超声膀胱图像边缘检测

针对医学超声图像的特点及医疗诊断实时性的要求,提出了一种基于整数DCT变换的超声膀胱图像边缘检测算法;该算法首先对膀胱超声图像进行预处理,利用整数DCT变换基在压缩域内求取超声图像的梯度,再结合对预处理后的图像进行动态确定阈值的方式进行边缘检测,最终得到膀胱的边界,简化了运算,节省了时间;实验表明,该算法在满足临床医疗诊断实时性的同时获得了较好的质量和边缘完整的膀胱边界。     

基于整型DCT变换的图象编码研究

为了既能保证图象无失真压缩，又能提高编码效率，给出了一种新的基于整型可逆DCT变换的嵌入式编码方法，并实现了基于DCT的无失真编码和有失真编码方案的完美结合，该算法是首先通过计算DCT浮点变换的整数可逆矩阵分解，从而得到可以整数实现的可逆矩阵变换，然后再利用得到的分解矩阵依次对图象样本进行变换；最后将变换得到的系数用多种高效编码方法进行编码，实验结果表明，该新方法用于无损压缩编码时，整型DCT明显好于浮点DCT，而且没有残差的编码问题；用于有损压缩编码时，两者的编码效果相近。     

视频编码中整数变换的优化设计

文中介绍了整数变换的基本原理,提出了一种结合能量集中率和去相关效率的整数变换基变换性能评价方法,从理论上选出几组性能较好的变换基。通过视频序列测试,验证了理论评价结果的正确性。详细讨论了整数变换的快速算法,并给出一组基的具体算法,结合变换性能和计算复杂度,最终确定了四组综合性能优于JVTABT8×8变换的变换基。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。