响应面法优化盐胁迫发芽苦荞富集γ-氨基丁酸的培养条件

为优化盐胁迫条件下发芽苦荞富集γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的最优培养条件,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法探讨NaCl浓度、发芽时间和发芽温度对发芽苦荞中GABA含量的影响。结果表明:发芽苦荞在盐胁迫条件下富集GABA的最佳培养条件为:NaCl浓度34 mmol/L、发芽时间5 d、发芽温度31℃,在此条件下发芽苦荞中GABA富集量为250.06μg/g(以干质量计)。方差分析及验证实验显示,模型具有极显著的可靠性和拟合度(R~2=0.9611),可准确预测盐胁迫条件下苦荞发芽过程中GABA的富集量。     

大豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸的培养液组分优化及盐胁迫下的富集机理

以东北大豆为原料,研究培养液组分对大豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的影响,利用响应面法优化了大豆发芽富集GABA的培养液组分,在此基础上对低盐胁迫下大豆发芽富集GABA的机理进行研究。结果表明:优化后有效的培养液组分为谷氨酸钠1.0 mg/mL、磷酸吡哆醛2.0 mmol/L、CaCl_2 2.0 mmol/L、NaCl 100 mmol/L,在此条件下,富集得到的发芽大豆中GABA含量较高,为(269.93±4.73)mg/100 g,比大豆发芽前提高了约10倍;盐胁迫下,发芽大豆谷氨酸脱羧酶(glutamate decarboxylase,GAD)活性和GABA含量随Na Cl浓度加大和胁迫时间延长而提高,同时大豆发芽期间GABA含量与其他指标之间相关性分析表明,盐胁迫下发芽大豆GABA含量与芽长、GAD活性、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量之间呈显著正相关,在低盐胁迫下,大豆发芽受到抑制,但促进了GAD活性的升高,游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质含量增加,富集产生了较多的GABA。     

NaCl胁迫联合Ca2+调控糙米发芽富集GABA的工艺优化

为优化NaCl胁迫联合Ca~(2+)调控下糙米发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的培养条件,通过单因素和Box-Behnken响应面试验考察NaCl浓度、Ca~(2+)浓度、发芽温度及发芽时间4个因素对GABA含量的影响,得出糙米发芽最佳工艺条件。结果表明,发芽糙米在NaCl胁迫联合Ca~(2+)处理下富集GABA的最佳培养条件为NaCl浓度7.50 mmol/L,Ca~(2+)浓度15.0 mmol/L,发芽温度29℃,发芽时间2.3 d,在此条件下发芽糙米中GABA含量为144.98mg/100g。研究结果为糙米健康食品的研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

响应面法优化柠檬酸胁迫藜麦富集γ-氨基丁酸的培养条件及体外降血压活性研究

为优化柠檬酸胁迫藜麦富集γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)的最优培养条件,采用超声波提取,高效液相色谱法检测,在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法优化柠檬酸溶液浓度、培养温度以及培养时间对发芽藜麦中GABA含量的影响。结果表明:发芽藜麦在柠檬酸胁迫下富集GABA的最佳培养条件为柠檬酸溶液浓度2.00 mmol/L、培养温度25℃、培养时间48 h,在此培养条件下发芽藜麦中GABA含量为1.538 mg/g,是藜麦种子中GABA含量的3.8倍。体外降血压实验结果表明:柠檬酸胁迫藜麦发芽后血管紧张素转换酶抑制率为63%,分别是用去离子水发芽的藜麦和藜麦种子的1.3倍和1.9倍,即柠檬酸胁迫藜麦发芽后可以提高其降血压活性。研究结果为藜麦的进一步研究提供了一定的理论依据。     

低氧联合NaCl胁迫下蚕豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸培养条件优化

以蚕豆(启豆2号)为原料,研究了低氧联合NaCl胁迫下培养条件对γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)富集的影响。结果显示:非胁迫培养时间、培养pH和胁迫培养时间显著影响发芽蚕豆GABA积累。蚕豆发芽富集GABA最佳培养条件是非胁迫培养1.5 d、培养液pH 3.5和低氧联合NaCl胁迫4 d,在此条件下其GABA含量可达1.06mg/g DW,为原料蚕豆的7.57倍。     

低氧胁迫下大豆发芽富集γ-氨基丁酸品种筛选及培养条件优化

比较理想M-7、95-优1、苏青1号和YH-NJ大豆品种培养4 d后的生理生化变化情况,结果表明:YH-NJ的发芽率、芽长和呼吸强度显著高于其他品种,发芽4 d后YH-NJ的蛋白酶活力、游离氨基酸含量的增加量也显著高于其他品种,γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)产量及增加量均为最大。由此筛选出大豆YH-NJ是发芽富集GABA的良好品种。以YH-NJ为原料,在单因素试验结果的基础上,通过正交试验,得到发芽大豆富集GABA的最佳培养条件为:正常培养4 d、低氧胁迫培养48 h、培养液p H 5.0、发芽温度30℃。在此条件下,GABA产量达到1.97 mg/g,是随机组的1.56倍。     

冷等离子体联合L-谷氨酸与盐胁迫对红小豆萌发富集γ-氨基丁酸的效果及工艺条件

为探究等离子体联合盐胁迫对红小豆萌发后γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric acid,GABA)含量的富集作用及效果。本实验以红小豆为原料,考察大气冷等离子电压、频率、时间处理种子对其发芽过程中GABA含量的影响,同时采用L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)联合盐胁迫的发芽方法,通过考察单因素(发芽时间、CaCl₂、L-Glu和NaCl浓度)对GABA富集量的影响及响应面优化试验确定该法富集GABA最佳工艺。结果表明,大气冷等离子体技术处理种子对其萌发富集γ-氨基丁酸有促进作用,电压90 kV、频率120 Hz、时间20 min条件下大气冷等离子体处理效果较好。在发芽时间为58 h、CaCl₂浓度为4.4 mmol/L、L-Glu浓度为3.2 mg/mL、NaCl浓度为66 mmol/L时,发芽红小豆GABA含量为160.23±2.91 mg/100 g,是未发芽红小豆的7.12倍。该方法高效可靠且成本低,为富含GABA食品的工厂化生产提供技术参考。     

低氧与低温胁迫对发芽玉米籽粒中γ-氨基丁酸富集的影响

以玉米籽粒为实验材料,研究低氧胁迫下发芽时间、低温胁迫与回温解冻下的温度及时间对发芽玉米中γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)含量的影响,对其低氧和低温胁迫工艺进行了优化,同时对胁迫期间发芽玉米籽粒中GABA代谢酶活性的变化进行了研究。结果表明:玉米经低氧胁迫发芽72 h后,在-18℃冷冻6 h和25℃回温4 h条件下,发芽玉米中GABA含量增加29.9倍,达到1.52 mg/g(以干质量计);低氧胁迫下发芽玉米籽粒主要是通过GABA支路富集GABA的。玉米籽粒是富集GABA的良好原料,且低氧与低温胁迫是富集发芽玉米中GABA的有效方式。     

The Optimization of Culture Condition on γ-aminobutyric Acid Accumulation in Fava Bean （Vicia faba L. ） Under Hypoxia Combined with NaCI

以蚕豆（启豆2号）为原料,研究了低氧联合NaCl胁迫下培养条件对γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）富集的影响。结果显示：非胁迫培养时间、培养pH和胁迫培养时间显著影响发芽蚕豆GABA积累。蚕豆发芽富集GABA最佳培养条件是非胁迫培养1．5d、培养液pH3．5和低氧联合NaC1胁迫4d,在此条件下其GABA含量可达1．06mg／g DW,为原料蚕豆的7．57倍。     

谷氨酸钠和抗坏血酸协同处理藜麦萌发富集γ-氨基丁酸工艺优化及胆酸盐吸附能力研究

以青藜2号为原料,采用谷氨酸钠(monosodium glutamate,MSG)和抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,ASA)协同处理藜麦萌发富集γ-氨基丁酸(γ-amniobutyric acid,GABA),探讨了浸泡和萌发因素对藜麦GABA含量的影响并优化了最佳富集工艺参数,并对萌发藜麦胆酸盐吸附能力进行了研究。结果表明:MSG和ASA浓度分别为2和6 mg/mL时有利于藜麦GABA含量的提高,以该浓度组合为基础通过正交试验优化的藜麦胁迫萌发富集GABA最佳培养条件为浸泡时间6 h、浸泡温度25 ℃、萌发时间48 h、萌发温度25 ℃,在此条件下GABA含量达到1.613 mg/g,分别为藜麦种子和对照组去离子水处理萌发藜麦GABA含量的3.07和2.26倍。胆酸盐吸附试验显示,萌发前后藜麦对牛磺胆酸盐和甘氨胆酸盐结合能力均较强,其中以藜麦原粉最高(177.68和179.53 mg/g),其次为去离子水萌发藜麦(150.25和163.12 mg/g)和胁迫萌发藜麦(125.17和144.92 mg/g),萌发处理后藜麦胆酸盐结合能力有下降趋势。本研究可为藜麦萌发研究及富GABA食品的开发提供一定的理论依据。     

Effects of soaking and aeration treatment on γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation in germinated soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> L.)

Effects of soaking temperature, soaking time, opportunity of aeration treatment, culture temperature, pH value, and air flow rate on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation during germination of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were investigated in this study. The objective of this study was to optimize the culture conditions of GABA production in germinated soybeans. Results showed that soaking at 30 °C for 4 h was found to be the most effective soaking ways that made soybean seeds have sufficient moisture, satisfactory germination, and GABA accumulation. The suitable stress opportunity was dark culture for 2 days with distilled water and then hypoxia stress in aerated culture medium for 2 days in a dark incubator at 30 °C. Under these conditions, the maximum GABA content (2.24 mg/g DW) was 3.5 times higher than the initial sample of aeration treatment (0 h) and 12.5 times higher than the raw material. Correlation analysis also revealed that GABA accumulation was significantly correlated to the corresponding physiochemical indexes (p < 0.01). Box-Behnken experimental analysis showed that the optimal condition with aeration treatment for GABA accumulation in germinated soybean was at a temperature of 30.5 °C, a pH value of 4.1, and an air flow rate of 0.9 L/min; the predicted highest GABA yield was 2.60 mg/g DW, which was 15.2 times higher than raw seeds. Analysis of variance and confirmatory trials for the regression model suggested that the model can quite exactly predict GABA accumulation in soybean during germination.     

高γ-氨基丁酸营养干面条的研制

γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)作为新食品原料具有多种生理功效,为开发高GABA功能性面条,本研究以经胁迫发芽制得的富含GABA的发芽糙米和发芽大豆匀浆后,与面粉复配,通过单因素和正交实验,以制得的面条中GABA含量和感官评分为指标,优化面条配方及其加工工艺。结果显示,以50 g面粉为基准,发芽大豆匀浆液添加量为9.0 g,发芽糙米匀浆液添加量为9.0 g,食盐添加量为0.5 g,醒发时间为20 min,干燥温度为75 ℃,干燥时间为4.0 h,在此条件下制得的面条感官评价得分最高为(86.7±1.6)分,其GABA含量达到(6.96±0.13) mg/100 g DW。     

Accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid in germinated soybean (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> L.) in relation to glutamate decarboxylase and diamine oxidase activity induced by additives under hypoxia

High levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulate in plant tissues under various stresses and exogenous additives. The purpose of this research is to provide an effective finding that can prove a rapid accumulation of GABA in germinated soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to different additives under hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced GABA accumulation in soybean embryo resulted in part from polyamine oxidation. Response to different concentration of glutamate (Glu), pyridoxal phosphate, arginine, CuCl₂, NaCl, and CaCl₂, a significant difference including GABA accumulation, changes of Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), and Diamine oxidase activity (DAO) activity in germinated soybean under hypoxia occurred (p < 0.05) and the maximum accumulation of GABA were 4.07, 3.02, 3.50, 3.26, 4.00, and 3.30 g kg⁻¹ DW respectively, which were significantly higher than those germinated soybean under normal culture (CK) and hypoxia culture (CK₀) (p < 0.05). The GAD and DAO have different distributions in cotyledon and embryo of germinated soybean, and the enzyme activity mainly located in embryo of germinated soybean. Germinated soybean is a good resource of GABA-rich food. Different additives have significant effects on GABA production, among which Glu and NaCl are ideal material for GABA accumulation.     

NaCl胁迫下Ca2＋调控发芽大豆生理代谢和γ-氨基丁酸含量变化

为研究NaCl胁迫下Ca2＋对发芽大豆主要生理指标和γ-氨基丁酸（gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA）富集的调控作用,利用CaCl2和乙二醇二乙醚二胺四乙酸（ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid,EGTA）处理发芽大豆,研究NaCl胁迫下外源和内源Ca2＋对发芽大豆主要生理代谢和GABA含量的影响。结果显示,发芽大豆经NaCl联合CaCl2处理,其芽长和呼吸速率显著增加,表明CaCl2缓解了NaCl对发芽大豆生长的抑制,同时过氧化氢酶及过氧化物酶活力显著提高,说明CaCl2可能是通过提高抗氧化酶活力来缓解NaCl胁迫下发芽大豆的抑制效应,而施用EGTA则呈相反的变化趋势;NaCl联合CaCl2处理后发芽大豆中GABA含量与单独NaCl处理无显著差异,但显著高于对照组;在NaCl联合CaCl2或EGTA基础上施用氨基胍,发芽大豆子叶中GABA含量分别下降17.1%和9.8%,胚中分别下降26.5%和8.5%,表明NaCl胁迫下施用CaCl2在促进发芽大豆中GABA富集的同时还可保证生物产量,且CaCl2和EGTA处理下多胺降解途径对GABA富集贡献降低。