抗氧化剂在鱼肉宠物食品中的应用研究

通过对鱼类宠物食品添加抗氧化剂比较试验,利用TBA值和时间的关系,结果显示:特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)在鲨鱼肉宠物食品中具有优良的抗脂肪氧化功能,没食子酸丙酯(PG)因其可溶于水是理想的鱼类宠物食品抗氧化剂,为首选的鱼类抗氧化剂。     

TBHQ对植物油脂的抗氧化效果研究

<正>根据上海华东食品添加剂开发中心的委托,我所对该中心研制特丁基对苯二酚(简称TBHQ),小试及中试产品进行抗氧化效果研究。我们采用日本油脂稳定度装置,应用美国油脂化学家学会试验方法(A.O.C.S CD12—57),对TBHQ进行了一系列抗氧化实验,其研究内容包括:TBHQ与几种抗氧剂抗氧化效果比较;TBHQ与几种抗氧化剂的复配效果的比较;中试与小试的TBHQ抗氧化效果比较;中试TBHQ在油脂工厂的应用试验。上述四项实验的结果如下:     

抗坏血酸再生叔丁基对苯二酚抗氧化能力的研究

研究脂溶性抗氧化剂叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)被水溶性抗氧化剂抗坏血酸再生抗氧化能力的效果,并初步分析其再生作用机制.首先构建TBHQ与抗坏血酸的固液两相可分离体系,随后采用DPPH猝灭TBHQ的抗氧化能力,再加入固相包合物发现TBHQ抗氧化能力得到再生,且随着抗坏血酸添加量的增加而显著提升,添加量为0.6 g时再生效果...     

高温煎炸棕榈油体系抗氧化剂的选择

研究了茶多酚、植酸、维生素E3种天然抗氧化剂对棕榈油煎炸过程中过氧化值、酸值、羰基值、P-茴香胺值等品质劣变指标的控制效果,同时与人工合成抗氧化剂TBHQ作比较,旨在找到能够替代TBHQ的复合型天然抗氧化剂.结果表明:4种抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果次序为TBHQ＞维生素E＞植酸＞茶多酚;3种天然抗氧化剂的最佳复配组合为0.02％茶多酚+0.016％植酸+0.65％维生素E.     

迷迭香天然抗氧化剂的应用研究

以核桃油为实验基油,研究了迷迭香天然抗氧化剂的应用。通过抗氧化实验、储藏实验和烹调实验,比较了迷迭香抗氧化剂和TBHQ的抗氧化效果。结果表明,迷迭香抗氧化剂具有较佳的抗氧化效果,在核桃油中随着迷迭香抗氧化剂添加量的增大抗氧化效果依次增强,0.02%迷迭香抗氧化剂与0.02% TBHQ有相似的抗氧化能力,可对核桃油酸败和反式脂肪酸形成起到延缓作用。     

响应面法优化核桃油复合抗氧化剂的研究

以过氧化值为评价指标,采用Schaal烘箱法研究了几种不同抗氧化剂及增效剂对核桃油的抗氧化效果。结果表明:单一抗氧化剂TBHQ的抗氧化效果最好,在60℃烘箱中核桃油保质期为96 h;复合抗氧化剂试验组的过氧化值均低于空白对照的,其中TBHQ和BHT复合使用抗氧化效果较好,在60℃烘箱中核桃油保质期为192 h;柠檬酸和抗坏血酸均能显著提高复合抗氧化剂TBHQ和BHT的抗氧化作用,添加0. 010%柠檬酸的核桃油保质期为312 h,添加0. 010%和0. 012%抗坏血酸的核桃油保质期为288 h;响应面分析试验筛选出抗氧化效果最优组合为0. 017%复合抗氧化剂(TBHQ与BHT质量比1∶1)+0. 012%柠檬酸+0. 010%抗坏血酸,在20℃下核桃油的理论货架期可延长至288 d。     

抗氧化剂对猪肉脯抗氧化性能的影响研究

猪肉脯是一种经高温烤制而成的传统关食,其在贮藏过程中脂肪氧化,POV值升高.本文采用Schaal的耐热实验法,以POV值为指标,研究了TBHQ、BHT、BHA和柠檬酸对猪肉脯的抗氧化效果,结果表明:单一抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能大小顺序为TBHQ>BHA>BHT,复配抗氧化剂的效果优于单一使用TBHQ时的抗氧化效果.0.01%TBHQ与0.01%BHA复配的抗氧化效果比较理想;柠檬酸是增效剂;猪肉脯的最优抗氧化剂组合为0.01%TBHQ+0.01%BHA+0.01%柠檬酸,可使猪肉脯在20℃下的贮藏期达13~18个月.该研究为解决猪肉脯脂肪氧化,延长贮藏期提供了理论依据.     

几种抗氧化剂对棉籽油氧化稳定性的影响

利用Rancimat法研究3种天然抗氧化剂迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、维生素E(VE)及合成抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)对棉籽油抗氧化性能的影响。通过在棉籽油样品中添加不同质量浓度的单一和复合配比的抗氧化剂,分别测定诱导时间并考察抗氧化效果。结果表明,在棉籽油中单一抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能依次为TBHQ>迷迭香>茶多酚>VE;在复合抗氧化剂组合中,迷迭香提取物与茶多酚以3:1进行复配时具良好的协同增效作用;当3种天然抗氧化剂与TBHQ进行复配时,其抗氧化效果优于同等质量浓度的单一天然抗氧化剂。      

抗氧化剂对猪肉脯抗氧化性能的影响研究

猪肉脯是一种经高温烤制而成的传统美食,其在贮藏过程中脂肪氧化,POV值升高。本文采用Schaal的耐热实验法,以POV值为指标,研究了TBHQ、BHT、BHA和柠檬酸对猪肉脯的抗氧化效果,结果表明:单一抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能大小顺序为TBHQ>BHA>BHT,复配抗氧化剂的效果优于单一使用TBHQ时的抗氧化效果,0.01%TBHQ与0.01%BHA复配的抗氧化效果比较理想;柠檬酸是增效剂;猪肉脯的最优抗氧化剂组合为0.01%TBHQ+0.01%BHA+0.01%柠檬酸,可使猪肉脯在20℃下的贮藏期达13～18个月。该研究为解决猪肉脯脂肪氧化,延长贮藏期提供了理论依据。      

西瓜提取物对紫苏油抗氧化作用的研究

研究了西瓜提取物作为天然抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能 ,并与合成抗氧化剂混合使用 ,探讨其对紫苏油的抗光敏氧化和在 6 0℃和 34℃两种条件下的抗热氧化效果。结果表明 ,西瓜提取物和合成抗氧化剂共同使用抗氧化效果好 ,优于单独使用合成抗氧化剂 ,抗光敏氧化时最佳浓度为西瓜提取物 2 0 ppm加TBHQ10 0 ppm ;34℃和 6 0℃两种条件下抗氧化最佳浓度均为西瓜提取物 4 0 ppm加TBHQ 10 0ppm。     

单宁的抗氧化调控机制及其在肉品中的应用

肉品的过度氧化严重影响产品质量,给肉品企业造成巨大的经济损失。单宁作为天然抗氧化剂具有资源丰富、可再生、价格低廉、食用安全等优势,且抗氧化效果与合成抗氧化剂相当。单宁在生物体内对机体具有抗氧化作用,其调控机制是一个多途径、多靶点的复杂过程。在肉品加工贮藏过程中,单宁也可通过清除自由基、螯合金属离子等机制发挥抗氧化作用。因此单宁不仅可添加到动物日粮中减缓屠宰后肉的氧化,而且可通过直接添加到肉或肉品包装材料中等方式发挥作用。本文综述单宁在动物体内及肉品加工贮藏过程中的抗氧化调控机制和氧化评价方法,并分析单宁的抗氧化作用在肉品中的应用现状,以期为单宁作为抗氧化剂的广泛应用提供理论参考。     

不同抗氧化剂体外抗氧化活性及其对肉品氧化稳定性的影响

为明确GB 2760-2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》中允许添加至热加工肉制品使用的不同抗氧化剂的体外抗氧化活性与其抑制肉制品蛋白质氧化和脂肪氧化能力之间的关系,分别测定8种抗氧化剂的体外抗氧化活性(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由...     

Natural antioxidants in meat and poultry products

In response to recent claims that synthetic antioxidants have the potential to cause toxicological effects and consumers' increased interest in purchasing natural products, the meat and poultry industry has been seeking sources of natural antioxidants. Due to their high phenolic compound content, fruits and other plant materials provide a good alternative to conventional antioxidants. Plum, grape seed extract, cranberry, pomegranate, bearberry, pine bark extract, rosemary, oregano, and other spices functions as antioxidants in meat and poultry products. Pomegranate, pine bark extract, cinnamon, and cloves have exhibited stronger antioxidant properties than some synthetic options. Plum products, grape seed extract, pine bark extract, rosemary, and some spices all have been shown to affect the color of finished meat or poultry products; however, in some products such as pork sausage or uncured meats, an increase in red color may be desired. When selecting a natural antioxidant, sensory and quality impact on the product should be considered to achieve desired traits.     

鲨鱼肌肉与鱼翅营养价值的比较

为全面、客观地评价鲨鱼肌肉和鱼翅的营养差异,以镰状真鲨（Carcharhinus falciformis）和大青鲨（Prionace glauca）为研究对象,比较分析了2 种鲨鱼肌肉、鱼翅（包括全翅和翅针,下同）的各种营养成分。结果显示：鲨鱼的肌肉和鱼翅蛋白质量分数均很高（24.34%～37.03%）,其中同一鲨鱼的鱼翅蛋白质量分数高于肌肉;2 种鲨鱼肌肉和鱼翅的粗脂肪质量分数都非常低,均小于0.50%;鲨鱼全翅因其鱼皮表面有砂质导致灰分质量分数特别高（6.18%～7.09%）,但肌肉的灰分质量分数（1.23%～1.63%）仅略高于翅针（0.86%～0.90%）。鲨鱼的肌肉和鱼翅中氨基酸种类齐全,总体上鱼翅中氨基酸总量（total amino acid,TAA）高于肌肉,但肌肉的必需氨基酸（essential amino acid,EAA）质量分数（41.94%～42.42%）高于鱼翅（17.93%～22.61%）,且只有肌肉满足联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织提出的氨基酸模式标准（EAA/TAA≥40%且EAA/非必需氨基酸≥60%）,因此,鲨鱼肌肉的氨基酸营养价值远高于鱼翅,是一种优质蛋白源,而鱼翅并非优质蛋白源。通过氨基酸评分（amino acid score,AAS）、化学评分（chemical sore,CS）和必需氨基酸指数（essential amino acid index,EAAI）3 种氨基酸评分发现：鲨鱼肌肉的AAS、CS以及EAAI值均显著高于鱼翅,约为鱼翅的2 倍,说明鲨鱼肌肉的氨基酸营养价值高于鱼翅。蛋氨酸＋半胱氨酸是鲨鱼肌肉的第一限制性氨基酸;亮氨酸（根据AAS结果）或蛋氨酸＋半胱氨酸（根据CS结果）为鱼翅的第一限制性氨基酸。鲨鱼肌肉中共检出13 种脂肪酸,且饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）质量分数＞多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA）质量分数＞单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）质量分数;鱼翅中共检出16 种脂肪酸,且SFA质量分数＞MUFA质量分数＞PUFA质量分数。鲨鱼肌肉和鱼翅中均含有丰富的油酸、二十二碳六烯酸和花生四烯酸等具有重要生理活性的不饱和脂肪酸,且均符合理想脂肪酸的标准（PUFA/SFA＞0.4）,但肌肉的PUFA/SFA明显高于鱼翅。鲨鱼肌肉和鱼翅中均含有丰富的胶原蛋白,且鱼翅中胶原蛋白质量分数（7.61%～11.99%）明显高于肌肉（0.27%～0.41%）。鲨鱼肌肉和鱼翅中还含有一定的硫酸软骨素,其中全翅中硫酸软骨素含量非常高（镰状真鲨和大青鲨分别为2.67 mg/g和10.87 mg/g）,而肌肉和翅针中含量较少（质量分数低于1.2%）。     

Commercial antioxidants control lipid oxidation in mechanically deboned turkey meat

Effects of commercial rosemary antioxidants on oxidative stability of mechanically deboned turkey meat (MDTM) compared with Trolox C (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and control without antioxidant were investigated. Antioxidants were added to meat at three levels. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay and dynamic headspace gas chromatography were used to assess the effects of commercial antioxidants on lipid stability of MDTM during 7 months of frozen storage. Increased levels of TBA-reactive substances (TBARS) and volatile carbonyl compounds were noticed in all meat samples during storage, however most distinctly in meat without antioxidants. Retarding effect of antioxidants on the development of oxidation depended on the level and type antioxidants. Trolox C-a water soluble, synthetic derivative of vitamin E possessed the greatest antioxidative activity reflected by the lowest values of TBARS and volatile compounds. Ascorbic acid was less efficient than Trolox C and Biolox HT-W (rosemary), but more potent than most rosemary extracts in suppressing lipid oxidation especially in the long term frozen storage MDTM. The DPPH() method confirmed that antioxidant activity depends on the concentration of active compounds present in the samples available to scavenge the free radicals formed during the storage period. Supplementation of MDTM with antioxidants could be an alternative method to prevent oxidative degradation of the meat during frozen storage when vacuum packaging is not practical.     

Main characteristics of peanut skin and its role for the preservation of meat products

BackgroundThe produced peanuts by-products are a huge challenge, but they are recognized to be a source of valuable nutrients, including natural antioxidants and antimicrobials. Antioxidants are considered as necessary ingredients in food to prevent oxidative reactions and their undesirable effects in food quality during processing and storage. However, the use of such compounds is regulated due to their harmful effects revealed by in vitro and in vivo studies. The use of natural antioxidants appears as an interesting alternative for food producers, particularly meat industries.Scope and approachPeanut skin (PS), a by-product of peanut processing in agro-industries, constitutes an under-explored source of natural antioxidants. Thus, this review was focused on both the reuse of peanuts by-products and societal health, reducing the use of synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials.Key findings and conclusionsProanthocyanidins are the main compounds in PS that are associated with the antioxidant activity in vitro and its protective effect in meat products. Studies in recent literature strengthen the role of PS as a natural source of antioxidants wherein oxidative reactions involving mainly pigments, lipids and proteins are delayed.     

Recent Trends in the Use of Natural Antioxidants for Meat and Meat Products

Antioxidants are added to fresh and processed meat and meat products to prevent lipid oxidation, retard development of off‐flavors, and improve color stability. In the food industry, they can be divided into natural and synthetic antioxidants. Synthetic antioxidants have been confirmed for their toxicological and carcinogenic effects. Thus, the food industry now chooses natural products over synthetic ones. This review provides an overview of the current trends in the use of antioxidants from natural sources, for potential applications in meat and meat products. These natural antioxidants contain some active compounds, which exert antioxidative potential in meat and meat products by different mechanisms of action. The efficient extraction of these antioxidants from their natural sources, along with establishing their in vitro and in producto antioxidant activity, has been a great challenge for researchers engaged in this field. Therefore, this review is focused on all these aspects, along with current studies related to this area, to provide in‐depth information to readers.     

发酵剂抗氧化活性对发酵肉制品品质的影响研究进展

发酵肉制品中脂肪的适度氧化能够赋予产品独特的风味,而脂肪和蛋白质的过度氧化则会对产品的风味、色泽、质地等产生不利影响,甚至产生有毒物质.天然和人工抗氧化剂因来源或安全性问题而使用受到限制,发酵剂作为发酵肉制品的生产原料其抗氧化能力逐渐受到关注.本文探讨了发酵肉制品中脂肪与蛋白质的氧化及发酵剂的抗氧化作用,同时概述了微生...     

Dietary Antioxidants and Storage Affect Chemical Characteristics of ω-3 Fatty Acid Enriched Broiler Chicken Meats

The influence of feeding full-fat flax seed with and without dietary antioxidants to 6-wk old male Hubbard chickens, on chemical characteristics of cooked white and dark meats was assessed. Level of dietary ω-3 fatty acid and dietary antioxidant significantly influenced the ω-3 PUFA compositions of meat lipids. Addition of antioxidants, especially mixed tocopherol plus canthaxanthin, to the diet significantly reduced concentrations of malonaldehyde and total volatiles in the enriched meat, particularly dark meat. Broiler meats enriched with omega-3 fatty acids could be stabilized by incorporation of natural antioxidants.     

Effect of Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Chicken Breast Meat in a Dispersion System

ABSTRACT: The antioxidant efficiency of ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, Trolox C, and catechin were evaluated for chicken breast meat in a dispersion system at 37 °C. Peroxidation was induced by adding different kinds of initiators. The initiators exhibited the following order of catalytic action: ascorbic acid/Fe²⁺ > hemoglobin > Cu⁺/H₂O₂ > 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH). The antioxidant efficiency of the antioxidants tested depended on their phase distribution and their reactivity to the radicals in various initiation systems. Among the antioxidants tested, catechin was the most effective antioxidant for chicken breast meat oxidation under the experimental conditions.