发酵条件对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵豆粕中的蛋白酶活力的影响

以每克发酵豆粕中的蛋白酶活力和发酵豆粕的感官为指标,研究了枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵豆粕的不同发酵条件对发酵豆粕中蛋白酶活力的影响.实验表明在30℃、发酵72h、料水比1:1(m/V),pH7.0、接种量4%(V/m)条件下对豆粕进行枯草芽孢杆菌发酵,发酵豆粕中的蛋白酶活力最高,每克发酵豆粕的蛋白酶活力达到630U.     

响应面法优化包包曲中耐性益生芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶发酵工艺

本研究利用单因素试验和响应面法对WLYQ-1耐性益生芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的发酵条件进行了优化。分别考察了培养温度、接种量、发酵时间和初始pH值这四个因素对菌种发酵的影响。结果表明:WLYQ-1的最佳培养条件为发酵温度40℃,接种量3%,初始pH值为7.5,发酵时间为46 h,在此条件下,蛋白酶活力为87.56 U/mL。     

黑曲霉发酵豆粕产蛋白酶活性的研究

采用黑曲霉AS3.350发酵豆粕,研究其所产的蛋白酶的活力。运用响应面分析法优化影响发酵的主要因素:接种量、初始pH值、发酵培养基浓度等,采用多元二次回归方程拟和上述3因素与蛋白酶活力间的函数关系,确定了黑曲霉发酵豆粕产蛋白酶的最佳发酵条件,为黑曲霉发酵豆粕产大豆肽的研究提供了相应的工艺参数和一定的理论依据,有利于提高大豆肽的产率。     

降解豆粕菌株的筛选及发酵工艺优化

利用产蛋白酶能力较强的菌株将脱脂豆粕原料中的大豆蛋白降解为大豆多肽.以蛋白酶活力及水解度为指标筛选出降解豆粕能力较强菌株W-13,并以水解度为指标对菌株发酵降解豆粕的条件进行了优化,得到最适发酵条件为:11%豆粕、2%玉米粉、3%接种量、发酵时间48 h,在最适培养基上蛋白水解度为65%.     

产蛋白酶兼性厌氧菌株的筛选、酶学性质及发酵豆粕应用探究

为筛选得到1 株或几株深层发酵豆粕效果较好的菌株,以透明圈法从自然发酵的豆豉中筛选出4 株兼性厌氧且产蛋白酶菌株,同时发现菌株B-1、B-12在厌氧条件下产蛋白酶能力好于好氧条件,对此现象较明显且平板水解圈直径较大的菌株B-1进行形态学、生理生化和分子生物学实验,鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌。进一步对菌株B-1的蛋白酶酶学性质进行研究后发现,酶活力在pH 6.0～9.0的范围内能够维持一个较高的水平,酶反应和酶稳定最适条件为pH 7.0和40 ℃,加入Mn2+对酶反应的促进作用较大。将甲基营养型芽孢杆菌B-1以6%的接种量接种于豆粕固态发酵培养基中堆积（20 cm）发酵,以枯草芽孢杆菌A-12好氧浅层发酵和未发酵豆粕作为对照,发酵结束后测得豆粕中小肽含量和水解度分别高达28.37%和29.55%,比枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵对照组分别高出了9.04%和16.07%,与未发酵豆粕相比,菌株B-1发酵后豆粕的小肽含量和水解度也分别提高了27.22%和29.13%。     

酱香大曲中白地霉产蛋白酶固态发酵条件及其优化

从酱香型酒大曲中分离得到一株白地霉MTBD,对其进行发酵实验,检测蛋白酶活力,测定其在不同原料比、不同培养时间、不同pH值、不同接种量、不同培养温度、不同料水比条件下产蛋白酶的情况,同时对其产酶条件进行优化,获得最佳产酶条件为：培养温度为45℃、pH值为3.5、料水比为1∶1、培养时间为6d。     

烟曲霉菌株发酵产壳聚糖酶条件的优化

通过单因子试验和正交试验对选育的一株产壳聚糖酶菌株UC-233进行发酵条件优化,结果表明其最适氮源是黄豆粕粉,最适碳源是壳聚糖,其最适发酵条件是:黄豆粕粉3.3%,胶体壳聚糖1.5%,培养基初始pH为4.0,250mL三角瓶装液量为50mL,接种量为1mL,发酵温度是30℃,发酵时间为48h,在此条件下菌株发酵液的壳聚糖酶活力达39.5U/mL,是优化前的1.43倍.     

组合微生物发酵提高豆粕品质的方法与优化工艺研究

采用枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌和乳酸菌组合发酵豆粕,通过研究不同接种量、料水比、发酵时间、发酵温度等对发酵豆粕中胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性的影响,旨在确定豆粕适宜的发酵参数以及发酵对豆粕品质的影响。结果表明,理想的发酵条件为:接种量枯草芽孢杆菌4%、酵母菌5%、乳酸菌2%,料水比1∶0.9,发酵的起始温度为30℃,发酵时间为72 h,培养基的初始pH为自然(自来水)。豆粕发酵后可有效去除胰蛋白酶抑制剂。豆粕发酵后蛋白质含量提高12.12%,而氨基酸态氮含量发酵后是发酵前的10.87倍。发酵豆粕的必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量均显著提高,改善了豆粕品质。     

纳豆菌的分离、鉴定及产蛋白酶液态发酵条件的优化

利用奶粉豆粕培养基,采用稀释平板分离法,以H/C(透明圈直径/菌落直径)为指标,从日本传统食品纳豆中分离出9株蛋白酶产生菌。将这些初筛菌株进行发酵培养,采用Folin-酚法测定酵上清液的蛋白酶活性,选出蛋白酶活性最高的菌株H2,并依据形态特点和主要生理生化特征,鉴定为芽孢杆菌纳豆亚种(Bacillussubtilis sub.Natto)。最后以蛋白酶活性为指标,考察培养基初始pH值、温度、装液量、接种量和种龄等因素对H2菌株液态发酵的影响。结果表明,该菌株液态发酵产蛋白酶的适宜条件是:培养基初始pH值7、培养温度40℃、装液量40 mL/250 mL、接种量3%、种龄25 h。     

渝东南地区土家特色酸鲊肉纯种发酵前期发酵条件优化

采用响应面法优化渝东南地区土家特色酸鲊肉纯种发酵前期的发酵条件,在单因素试验的基础上,选取发酵时间、发酵温度、菌种接种量及白砂糖添加量为影响因子,以酸鲊肉前期发酵制品的乳酸脱氢酶活力、蛋白酶活力、脂肪酶活力为响应值,应用Box-Behnken试验设计建立数学模型。结果表明,酸鲊肉前期发酵的最优工艺条件为发酵时间30 h、发酵温度34 ℃、菌种接种量8%、白砂糖添加量4%,在此工艺条件下,得到酸鲊肉前期发酵制品的乳酸脱氢酶活力为102.92 U/mL,蛋白酶活力为41.58 U/mL,脂肪酶活力为11.86 U/mL,各评价指标达到相对较高水平。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the