轻钢-混凝土组合梁的试验研究及非线性有限元分析

针对轻钢-混凝土组合梁这种新的结构形式,本文进行了六个试件的试验研究,分析了构件的破坏形式、荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线、钢材和混凝土的应变分布及板宽度方向应变分布等。通过试验研究,初步了解了轻钢-混凝土组合梁的特点和各种截面的粘结性能。采用组合梁单元模型,对轻钢-混凝土组合梁进行了非线性有限元分析,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Three-dimensional finite element modelling of long-span cable-stayed bridges

Finite element (FE) modelling is a prominent way to simulate both static and dynamic characteristics of cable-stayed bridges to understand their structural complexities. Many initial FE models have not been successful in the analysis of the structural behaviour of cable-stayed bridges. This paper presents the details of an updated FE modelling procedure for long-span cable-stayed bridges. The design information of Tatara Bridge with an 850-m main span is considered for numerical studies. The dynamic properties of the FE model, including mode shapes and natural frequencies, are compared with field vibration test results to validate the presented modelling process. Sensitivity analysis of structural parameters is also applied to update effective parameters and understand the structural behaviour of the bridge. The new and beneficial aspects presented in this paper regarding FE modelling procedure and finding effective material and structural parameters will be useful for future design and analysis of cable-stayed bridges.     

碳纤维布加固开裂低配筋混凝土梁试验研究与有限元分析

为了给受损开裂低配筋混凝土结构加固维修提供依据,按3种低配筋率0.127%、0.189%、0.251%设计了6根钢筋混凝土梁。先将混凝土梁加载至出现宽度为0.3mm的可见裂缝时卸载,再粘贴碳纤维布进行加固,养护后重新加载至破坏。试验结果表明:粘贴碳纤维布能有效提高开裂梁的承载能力,随着加固量的增大加固梁承载力提高,但变形能力降低;在低配筋情况下,配筋率越高,承载力提高比例越大。用有限元方法数值模拟碳纤维布加固受损低配筋梁受力全过程,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,为进一步参数分析提供了工具。     

Evaluating rating factor for prestressed concrete girder bridges by nonlinear finite element analysis

This study provides a new approach to evaluate the load carrying capacity in rating factor (RF) of prestressed concrete I type girder bridges utilising nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis. RF has been conventionally calculated either by ultimate strength design (USD) or allowable stress design methods in terms of live load effects. This study introduces nonlinear FE analysis as a new approach to estimate the RF. In general, nonlinear FE analysis is considered as one of the most efficient methods to simulate structural behaviour. This method can also simulate a live load effect, which is very important for the load carrying capacity of structures. To apply nonlinear FE analysis, an FE live load constant was conceptually suggested to estimate the RF. On comparing the RF obtained via the conventional method of USD, it was found that the RF estimated by nonlinear FE analysis approach has almost the same value. Hence, the nonlinear finite element method-based RF methodology can be efficiently used to estimate the load carrying capacity of bridges.     

变电构架柱的节点试验研究与有限元分析

提出变电构架柱新型螺栓连接柱头形式,通过试验研究和有限元计算相结合的方法,验证新型构架柱的可行性。首先,以有限元分析为基础,选取2.5 m构架柱柱头节点作为试验研究对象,分析盖板螺栓数量和竖板厚度变化对节点刚度和强度的影响;其次,结合试件底部位移实测数据对2.5 m节点进行计算,并将结果与实测结果比较,验证了模型计算的可行性;最后,对多种28 m构架柱进行计算,比较分析柱顶挠度和控制点Von-Mises应力,得出节点试件所对应的新型构架柱基本满足工程设计的强度和刚度要求,且与增加盖板螺栓相比,增大竖板厚度是提高构架柱刚度和强度较为有效可行的方法。     

外包配筋ECC组合柱抗震性能试验研究与有限元分析

工程用水泥基复合材料(ECC)是一种具有高延性、高韧性和多缝开裂特征的纤维增强水泥基复合材料,采用配筋ECC制作柱永久性模板,其内浇筑素混凝土形成组合柱。设计了4根外包配筋ECC组合柱和1根钢筋混凝土(RC)对比柱,开展拟静力试验,研究组合柱破坏形态和抗震性能。试验结果表明：ECC组合柱表现出明显的多缝开裂特征和更好的延性;随着剪跨比增加,柱端水平荷载-位移滞回曲线饱满,峰值荷载降低,但位移延性系数和能量耗散系数分别提高50%和185%;配箍率较高的构件,柱端水平荷载-位移滞回曲线较饱满,刚度退化较缓,变形能力较大。基于OpenSees平台,嵌入ECC材料本构模型,模拟了试验柱端水平荷载-位移曲线,并与试验结果进行对比,验证了有限元模型的准确性。     

梁拱组合铁路桥结构试验研究与分析

采用有限元程序对包西铁路跨黄延高速大桥梁拱组合体系进行空间受力分析,分析在设计荷载下的受力特性,并对成桥进行静载与动载试验。结果表明,梁拱组合体系实际受力与设计吻合较好,拱肋及梁体的实测应力值及挠度值相对较小,结构安全储备较大,动力测试结果表明梁拱组合体系动力特性良好。     

缓黏结预应力混凝土梁应力传递机理试验研究及有限元分析

为了研究对缓黏结预应力混凝土梁的应力传递机理,于工程现场选取一根缓黏结预应力混凝土梁作为试验监测对象,寻找监测过程中混凝土的应力变化规律,得出试验梁混凝土的应力传递机理,并与传统预应力混凝土结构预应力传递规律进行简单对比;通过ANSYS有限元分析软件,对试验梁进行建模,对试验梁在张拉阶段和缓黏结剂黏结硬化阶段进行模拟计算,同试验结果进行对比,同时模拟试验梁正常使用过程中受力情况,分析试验梁危险截面并提前预防。     

Dynamic investigation of a concrete footbridge using finite element modelling and modal analysis

In this article, the application of a manual updating method for finite element (FE) model updating of a concrete footbridge using modal analysis approach is described in detail. An FE model was developed using DIANA (FEM software package) to estimate the response of structure under free-vibration analysis. Afterwards, ambient vibration test (AVT) was conducted to extract the dynamic properties. The fundamental mode shapes of the structure were successfully identified applying ARTeMIS (modal analysis computer program). The mode shape pairs of initial FE model and a complete set of test results were employed for manual updating. A parametric study was carried out to specify the most sensitive parameters of the model. For this purpose, boundary conditions, mass density and Young's modulus of elasticity were examined as uncertain parameters. Attempts to calibrate the primary FE model revealed that the spring constants of supports were the most effective parameters for updating process. The FE model was calibrated considering three main criteria consisting of combination of natural frequencies/mode shapes and modal assurance criteria (MAC)/mode shapes. The calibration strategy performed in the present study, including parametric study on uncertain parameters of initial FE model, parameter and target response selection and MAC calculation based on modified formulation, has been discussed. The updated FE model and the measured mode shape counterparts exhibited very good correlation.     

L形钢管混凝土组合柱有限元分析

利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了三个试件的有限元模型,并对其做轴压下的对比,分析了不同钢管直径对L形钢管混凝土组合柱的轴压力学性能影响,分析得出,钢管直径越大,极限承载力越大。     

喷涂混凝土夹心剪力墙抗震性能试验研究及有限元分析

为研究喷涂混凝土夹心剪力墙的抗震性能,完成了7个试件的拟静力试验。试件的主要变化参数为墙厚及边缘构件。试验结果表明：夹心墙的2层或3层混凝土及其配筋可作为整体共同承担竖向压力及水平力;试件的破坏形态包括压弯破坏和剪切破坏,增加边缘构件的竖向钢筋导致试件发生剪切破坏;试件的水平力-位移滞回曲线有一定程度的捏拢;压弯破坏的试件,极限位移角为1/76~1/103,设置边缘构件的试件,其极限位移角约为没有边缘构件试件的1.3倍,增加墙厚对极限位移角影响不大;剪切破坏的试件,其耗能能力小于压弯破坏的试件;可采用剪力墙承载力公式计算夹心墙在轴压力作用下的正截面受弯承载力和斜截面受剪承载力。采用MSC. Marc（2010）对夹心墙试件进行非线性有限元分析得到了水平力-位移骨架曲线、裂缝分布及承载力,与试验结果吻合较好。     

RHS beam-to-column connection with web opening—experimental study and finite element modelling

Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) have superior structural performance compared to conventional steel sections. However, the application of RHS in structural steel framework is limited because suitable connection configurations have not been developed between such members. Also adequate information on the moment-rotation characteristics of connections between RHS members is not available for design. To overcome these problems, a new and efficient connection is proposed which is easy to fabricate and convenient for erection. The connection employs channel connectors welded to the column flange and bolted to the beam to transfer beam flange forces into the column webs thereby avoiding the need to provide internal diaphragms in the column. An opening in the web facilitates the installation of bolts and can be used to pass service lines. The bolts are loaded in shear, so as to obtain improved performance of the connection under cyclic loading. By choosing suitable dimensions for the channel connectors, the strength and stiffness of the connection can be varied. The behaviour of the connection is evaluated by cyclic tests and non-linear finite element analysis. Test results are presented in the form of hysteretic curves and failure modes. In the case of channel connectors of high strength, failure occurs at the beam net section away from the face of the column, similar to beams with Reduced Beam Sections (RBS). It is shown that the connection has adequate ductility and hysteretic energy dissipation capacity. The moment-rotation characteristics of the connection can be expressed in terms of the three-parameter power model, for semi-rigid frame analysis.     

CFRP加固二次受力混凝土梁的试验研究与有限元分析

采用有限元方法对CFRP加固二次受力钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能进行了分析,并与试验结果进行了比较.结果表明,通过合理选择有限元分析数值模型,可以较好地预测CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗弯性能.试验研究与有限元理论分析比较,结果比较吻合,表明本文提出的数值模拟研究的理论及方法是可行的,可以用于工程设计计算和作为模型试验的参考.     

考虑滑移效应的体外预应力组合梁非线性分析

通过有限元软件ANSYS对体外预应力组合梁进行了非线性分析,采用COMBIN39单元模拟栓钉的抗剪性能以考虑组合梁的滑移效应,计算结果与试验值吻合较好。并对比分析了不考虑滑移效应的组合梁的受力性能,结果表明,滑移效应使组合梁的承载力降低,而变形增加。     

钢筋混凝土无洞叠合墙体非线性有限元分析

在试验研究的基础上,运用有限元分析程序ANSYS对钢筋混凝土无洞叠合墙体进行非线性分析。通过建立合理的力学模型,模拟分析了叠合墙体的裂缝开展与分布、承载能力、破坏模式等方面的特点和规律,并与试验结果进行对比验证。有限元值与试验值吻合较好,说明本研究在进行有限元分析时所选择的计算模型、材料本构关系、破坏准则等较为合理的,可以应用于叠合剪力墙的进一步分析研究,弥补试验研究的局限性。剪式支架能使钢筋混凝土叠合剪力墙的预制部分与现浇混凝土形成整体,共同工作,承受外部荷载。     

铁路桥梁用高性能混凝土的力学性能试验研究

作为重要桥型之一的拱桥,跨径的不断增长是其重要发展趋势,而高性能混凝土为拱桥跨径的飞跃提供了有效载体。研究了C80~C100高性能混凝土的制备和力学性能评价,形成了铁路桥梁用C80~C100高性能混凝土的配合比,并揭示了立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、轴心抗拉强度、弹性模量、剪切变形模量及泊松比等力学性能指标,为铁路桥梁用C80~C100混凝土的结构设计提供了取值依据。     

玻璃纤维布加固混凝土柱的轴心受压试验及有限元分析

通过7根玻璃纤维布加固混凝土柱和1根混凝土对比柱的轴心受压试验及有限元分析,探讨了玻璃纤维布加固混凝土柱的受压性能及其加固机理.分析表明,玻璃纤维布加固混凝土柱有斜剪破坏和轴压破坏两种破坏形态;加固后的混凝土柱能明显提高其极限承载力,且提高程度与纤维布加固层数、加固间距和构件截面形状有关,存在着使承载力提高最大的最优加固层数、最优加固间距和合理截面形状.对比试验和有限元分析说明,合理选择有限元分析模型,可以较好地预测玻璃纤维布加固混凝土柱的轴心受压性能.     

型钢混凝土异形柱正截面承载力试验及有限元分析

为研究型钢混凝土(SRC)异形柱的正截面承载力性能,设计22个试件进行静力和循环加载试验研究,分析其破坏机理。编写了计算机程序,利用程序分析了加载角、截面配钢形式、配钢率、混凝土强度等级以及柱肢高厚比等变化参数对SRC异形柱正截面承载力的影响,并与钢筋混凝土（RC）异形柱的正截面承载力进行对比分析。研究结果表明：SRC异形柱破坏形态表现为大偏心受压破坏、小偏心受压破坏和轴心受压破坏;截面应变基本符合平截面假定;加载角和截面配钢形式对正截面承载能力有显著影响,T形柱的薄弱加载方向是0°、90°和315°,L形柱的薄弱加载方向是90°和315°,十形柱的薄弱加载方向是0°,实腹配钢比空腹配钢试件的承载能力有明显提高;适当增加截面配钢率、混凝土强度等级以及柱肢高厚比均能有效提高SRC异形柱的正截面承载能力;当截面配钢率不大于6%时,SRC异形柱的承载力与普通的RC异形柱相比提高36%以上。