Behaviour of flush end plate joints to concrete-filled steel tubular columns

This paper presents the results of an experimental program for bolted moment connection joints of circular or square concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, and H-shaped steel beams using high-strength blind bolts. In order to investigate the static performance and failure modes of the blind bolted connection, an experimental program was conducted involving four sub-assemblages of cruciform beam-to-column joints subjected to monotonic loading. Moment-rotation relationships of the tested connections were obtained and their performance was evaluated in terms of their stiffness, moment capacities and ductility. The test parameters varied were the column section type and the thickness of the end plate. The results showed that the proposed blind bolted connection, which behaves in a semi-rigid and partial strength manner according to the EC3 specification, displays reasonable strength and stiffness. The rotation capacity of this type of connection to square or circular CFST columns exceeds 70 mrad and this satisfies the ductility requirements for earthquake-resistance in most aseismic regions. The blind bolted connection is shown to be a reliable and effective solution for moment-resisting composite frame structures.     

Hysteretic behaviour of flush end plate joints to concrete-filled steel tubular columns

The results of an experimental research study involving the testing of four bolted moment-resisting connections under simulated seismic loading conditions are presented. Each test specimen modeled the interior joint of a moment-resisting frame consisting of H-shaped steel beams and circular or square concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns using high-strength blind bolts. In order to investigate the seismic behaviour of the blind bolted flush end plate joints to CFST columns, the hysteretic performance, failure modes, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation of the connection type are evaluated in detail. The test parameters varied included the column section type and the thickness of the end plate. The experimental results indicate that both the blind bolted connections with circular and square sections exhibited excellent hysteretic behaviour in terms of their moment–rotation response, strain distributions and energy dissipation. Under cyclic loading, all tested specimens displayed large rotation ductility capacities, and the failure modes were similar to those under monotonic loads. The effects of cyclic loading on the behaviour of the composite joint were obvious, especially on load bearing and stiffness of the connections. The joint type exhibited excellent seismic performance, so that it can be effectively utilized in moment-resisting composite frame structures.     

Performance of CFTST column to steel beam joints with blind bolts under cyclic loading

The objective of this research is to investigate the seismic performance of the composite joint consisting of square concrete filled thin-walled steel tubular (CFTST) column and steel beam with end plate and blind bolts. The cold-formed square tube in each CFTST column connection was fabricated by seam welding together four pieces of lipped angle with nominal wall thickness 1.5 mm or 3 mm. Four exterior joint specimens were tested under axially compressive load on the top of the columns and cyclic loads on the beam tip. The experimental parameters in the study were the thickness of the steel tube and the type of end plate. The seismic response of the blind bolted moment joints to CFTST columns was analyzed and evaluated in terms of the hysteretic behavior, failure modes, stiffness and strength degradation, ductility, and energy dissipation capacities of the joints. To improve the tension behavior of the blind bolted moment connections to the thin tube wall, the anchorage action of reinforcing rebar welded to the bolts with concrete-filled steel tubes was also investigated to consider the effect of cyclic loading. The experimental and analytical results indicated that when the end plate thickness is not less than 3 mm, the flush or extended end plate joints to CFTST columns exhibited large hysteretic loops and excellent seismic performance, such as ductility and energy dissipation capacity. The proposed innovative blind bolted joint was verified as a reliable and effective solution applied in mid- and low-rise buildings through properly design and detailing.     

钢管混凝土柱T形件抗震性能试验及数值模拟

为获悉钢管混凝土柱T形件在地震作用下的破坏机理和力学性能,本文进行6个采用单边螺栓的钢管混凝土柱T形件的受拉循环往复加载试验。试验参数包括柱截面类型、钢材型号、端板形状和端板厚度。详细地分析新型T形件的破坏模式、滞回曲线和骨架曲线等。根据欧洲规范EC3的组件法,提出了钢管混凝土柱T形件的力学理论模型和螺栓刚度模型。利用ABAQUS有限元程序对此类新型T形件进行非线性全过程受力分析,考察了试件的破坏形态,试验结果验证计算模型的准确性。研究表明,热轧钢管混凝土柱T形件具有良好的抗震性能、延性和耗能能力;对于冷弯薄壁钢管混凝土柱T形件采用合理的构造措施和钢管厚度,能有效地提高其抗震性能及延性。     

Experimental and numerical analyses of blind bolted moment-resisting composite joints to CFST columns with RC slab

In this paper, experimental and numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the structural properties and failure modes of the blind bolted flush or extended end plate joints between concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns and composite beams. The experimental program and the main results of the tests were elaborated. Four full-scale subassemblages beam-tocolumn exterior joints to hot-rolled and cold-formed CFST columns were tested. The failure modes and moment-rotation relation curves of the joints were evaluated. The test results showed that all specimens exhibited favorable strength and stiffness, and larger deformation capacities. Meanwhile, finite element analysis (FEA) modeling of the specimens was built and analyzed. The results obtained from the FEA modeling were satisfactory agreement with the experimental tests results. Then, an extensive parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of various parameters on the moment capacity and rotation stiffness of composite joints under positive or negative moment. The experimental studies and numerical analyses can improve the design of the typed joints to be used in moment-resisting composite frames.     

单边高强螺栓连接方套方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱组合节点抗震性能试验研究

为了深入研究单边高强螺栓连接中空夹层钢管混凝土柱组合节点的抗震性能和破坏机理,对4个方套方中空夹层钢管混凝土柱与钢-混凝土组合梁单边高强螺栓端板连接节点进行了低周反复加载试验,以端板形式和柱截面空心率为主要试验参数,考察了节点破坏模式和组合楼板裂缝分布规律,研究节点滞回曲线、连接弯矩-转角关系、刚度和承载力退化、延性和...     

装配式钢管混凝土组合框架的抗震性能试验研究

圆形或方形钢管混凝土柱与钢梁通过单边高强螺栓和适宜端板连接组成框架,通过钢筋桁架混凝土组合楼板形成了新型装配式组合框架。为了解装配式钢管混凝土组合框架在地震作用下的抗震性能和受力机理,进行了2榀两层单跨钢管混凝土柱与钢-混凝土组合梁通过单边高强度螺栓和平齐或外伸端板连接形成的组合框架的水平低周反复荷载试验,研究了柱截面形式和端板连接类型对组合框架破坏形式和抗震性能的影响。详细地观察了此类组合框架在水平低周反复荷载作用下的受力全过程和楼板裂缝发展规律,得到了此类结构的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化规律、延性、耗能能力等抗震性能指标。试验结果表明,单边螺栓端板连接装配式钢管混凝土组合框架结构具有良好的滞回性能和耗能能力,延性系数μ为2.13~4.28,能量耗散系数E为0.652~0.90。在柱截面含钢率相同条件下,圆钢管混凝土组合框架的承载力小于方钢管混凝土组合框架,其延性、耗能性能优于方钢管混凝土组合框架。研究成果将为我国装配式钢管混凝土组合框架设计理论与应用提供科学依据。     

Dynamic response of hollow section frames with bolted moment connections

The behaviour of moment-resisting steel frames under various types of loads is dependent on the type of beam-to-column connections and their flexibilities. The extended end-plate connection is a practical field bolted moment connection that can be adopted in moment-resisting steel frames with hollow structural steel (HSS) columns, by using high strength blind bolts. The objective of this work was to study the behaviour of blind bolted extended end-plate connections for HSS columns under cyclic loading. With proper detailing and modelling of such connections, it has been possible to investigate the effect of joint flexibility on the response of the frame when subjected to dynamic loading and then to compare its response to that of a rigid frame. It is concluded that the proposed bolted joint behaves in a predictable manner that can be modelled and analysed using standard frame analysis programmes. The study also showed that the inclusion of the connection flexibility in frame analysis is essential to obtain a more realistic frame behaviour.     

Cyclic Experimental Behavior of CFST Column to Steel Beam Frames with Blind Bolted Connections

This paper aims to investigate the seismic behavior of blind bolted end plate composite frames between square or circular concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns and steel beams. Two composite frames were tested under a constant axial load on the CFST columns and a lateral cyclic load on the frame. Each specimen composed of CFST columns and steel beams was selected to represent a plan frame in an assembly building. Failure pattern of the type of frames was analyzed to comprehend the structural response. The seismic resistance ability of the blind bolted CFST frames was also estimated in terms of hysteretic curves, ductility and energy dissipation etc. The effect of column section type and end plate type on the type of semi-rigid CFST frames was studied. The test results showed that at the same steel ratio of the column section, the bearing capacity and energy dissipation of square CFST frame were higher than those of circular CFST frame at ultimate state. Strain response of main members in each CFST frame was also estimated. The internal force analysis of the test CFST frames with semi-rigid connections was discussed and evaluated the effect of the bending moment distribution. It was concluded that the novel typed CFST frames exhibited excellent seismic performance and structural internal force redistribution. The experimental studies will be useful for design and application of the blind bolted CFST frames in fabricated steel structure building.     

钢管混凝土柱-钢梁单边高强螺栓端板连接框架的拟静力试验研究

为获悉半刚性钢管混凝土框架结构在地震作用下的抗震性能和破坏机理,进行2榀两层单跨钢管混凝土柱与钢梁单边高强螺栓端板连接框架试件的拟静力试验,包括1个圆形和1个方形钢管混凝土框架。研究柱截面类型和端板类型对框架破坏形式和抗震性能的影响。详细地观察了框架在低周反复荷载作用下的受力全过程和破坏特征,分析此类结构的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、强度和刚度退化规律、耗能能力等抗震性能指标,并结合现有规范评价结构的延性。试验结果表明,此类半刚性连接钢管混凝土框架结构具有良好的滞回性能和耗能能力,其延性系数μ=2.41-3.75,能量耗散系数E=0.823-0.955|在柱截面含钢率相同条件下,方钢管混凝土框架试件的极限承载力和耗能能量均高于圆钢管混凝土框架试件|梁柱节点采用单边高强螺栓端板连接具有典型的半刚性特征,连接可靠和耗能效果好。研究成果将为我国装配式组合结构设计理论与应用提供科学依据。     

圆钢管混凝土柱高强单边螺栓T形件初始刚度计算方法

T形件作为半刚性钢框架梁柱节点连接的重要组件,其初始刚度对节点刚性的影响至关重要。目前,尚缺乏对圆钢管混凝土柱高强单边螺栓T形件初始刚度计算的研究。采用欧洲规范EN 1993-1-8中的组件法,以圆钢管混凝土柱高强单边螺栓T形件为对象,通过简化力学模型,分别给出了弧形端板的抗弯刚度、圆形柱翼缘壁的抗弯刚度、螺栓的抗拉刚度以及锚固钢筋的抗拔刚度计算公式。利用有限元软件ABAQUS,通过数值分析确定了重要影响参数,给出了可用于计算的系数曲线。提出了圆钢管混凝土柱高强单边螺栓T形件的初始刚度计算方法,给出算例以说明该计算过程,并通过试验验证了其准确性。研究表明,提出的计算方法可用于半刚性圆钢管混凝土组合框架的计算与分析。     

Influence of initial imperfection on the behaviour of extended bolted end-plate connections for portal frames

Initial imperfection in bolted end-plate connections is mainly induced by residual deformation of welding. Three typical initial imperfections, namely V-shape, C-shape and W-shape are identified in terms of the geometrical imperfection shapes for extended bolted end-plate connections based on a field study. Seven specimens of extended bolted end-plate connection, among which six specimens with V-shape initial imperfection and one without imperfection in the end-plates were tested, and the influence of the initial imperfection of the end-plate on the behaviour of the connections was investigated. Test results show that initial rotation stiffness of extended bolted end-plate joints decreases with increase of initial imperfection in the end-plate, however, the strength of the end-plate joints is only affected slightly by the imperfection. Besides, the thicker the end-plate is, the more reduction in the initial rotation stiffness relatively. Further parametric study on 14 extended bolted end-plate connections with three typical shapes of imperfections were conducted based on the finite element analysis. Among the three types of initial imperfection, the V-shape has the least influence, and the C-shape has the biggest influence on the initial rotation stiffness of the extended bolted end-plate joints. For initial geometrical imperfection in a V-shape, its influence on behaviour of extended bolted end-plate connections is negligible as far as the imperfection is limited to the criterion, giving H/300. The influence of initial imperfection in a W-shape on rotation stiffness should be acceptable if the initial imperfection is limited to the criterion. In the case of a C-shape initial imperfection in the end-plate, its influence on the rotation stiffness would be substantial; even it satisfies the requirement of the imperfection limit. The results of the study should be applicable to the bolted end-plate connections, whether flushed or extended end-plate beam to column joints in structural frames.     

复式钢管混凝土柱与H形钢梁连接节点抗震性能试验研究

借鉴方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁外肋环板节点形式,将非梁柱连接面的柱两侧外肋环板改为竖贴于柱侧的竖向肋板并伸出与梁翼缘焊接,同时设置锚固腹板,形成复式钢管混凝土柱与H形钢梁连接节点。通过7个梁柱组合体试件的低周反复荷载试验,分析各试件的破坏过程及特征,并对试件的滞回性能、承载力、延性、耗能能力和承载力及刚度退化等抗震性能进行研究。研究结果表明：节点的破坏形态基本相同,梁端先屈曲,形成塑性铰;锚固腹板可有效提高节点的承载力和变形能力;竖向肋板外伸长度可提高试件的初始刚度,使梁端塑性铰外移,有效保护节点核心区;试件的滞回曲线呈明显的梭形,具有良好的承载力、延性及耗能能力;试件在整个加载过程中刚度退化现象明显,承载力退化很小,可应用于抗震设防地区。     

Inelastic response of composite steel and concrete base column connections

This paper assesses the experimental results of monotonic (pushover) tests carried out on partially encased composite steel-concrete columns connected to the foundation block through the traditional bolted steel end plate and an innovative socket type system. These tests show that the structural response of the traditional connection is significantly influenced by the behaviour of the anchorage bolts. The latter cause large fixed end rotations and possess limited energy dissipation. Conversely, innovative composite steel-concrete base column connections with socket systems exhibit adequate overstrength, inelastic deformations and energy absorption capacity. Furthermore, socket-type connections are characterized by spreading of inelasticity at the base of the composite columns without damage localization on concrete and interface components. It can thus be argued that the innovative connection type assessed in this study is a viable solution for applications in framed structures fulfilling capacity design requirements, e.g. structural systems in earthquake prone regions.     

法兰连接钢管混凝土柱-钢梁外加强环节点受力性能研究

钢管混凝土柱-钢梁混合结构是工程常用的结构形式.为了有效减小钢管混凝土结构在施工现场的焊接工作量,提高钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点的安装效率,提出了一种基于法兰连接和外加强环的钢管混凝土柱-钢梁连接装配方法,其特点是采用高强螺栓、刚性法兰盘、外加强环板在同一位置实现了钢管混凝土柱-柱连接、钢管混凝土柱-钢梁连接.对采用该方法...     

钢与混凝土组合基柱连接的非弹性响应

对部分包裹的钢-混组合柱进行了单调推倒荷载试验,并评估了结果,柱与基础块的连接采用传统的栓接钢底板和一种创新的插入式体系。试验显示,传统连接形式的结构响应受锚固螺栓性能的影响显著,锚固螺栓引起较大的固定端旋转并消耗一定的能量,相反地,创新型的钢-混组合基础柱插入式连接系统表现出足够的承载力、非弹性变形和能量吸收能力。而且,通过在组合柱基础的非弹性传递,插入式连接具有不破坏混凝土和构件界面的特性。新型连接形式对于框架结构满足承载设计要求,例如在地震易发区域,是可行的解决方法。     

螺栓装配多高层钢结构梁柱连接抗震性能研究

对三个不同参数螺栓连接的多高层钢结构装配节点的抗震性能进行试验和有限元分析,获得以梁端荷载-位移表征的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性性能、转动能力、刚度退化曲线等,分析了法兰螺栓和盖板螺栓对试件受力性能的影响。试验和有限元分析结果表明：通过调整盖板螺栓数量和规格,可以实现梁柱刚性连接和变刚度连接,变刚度连接时,可实现多遇地震作用下不滑移,设防地震和罕遇地震作用下利用盖板与梁翼缘相对滑移耗散地震能量;通过分析螺栓接触面的滑移,认为盖板与梁翼缘滑移构造提高了梁端的变形能力,延性以及耗能能力,实现了摩擦耗能,可以用于抗震设防区结构中。     

钢管混凝土柱-组合梁单边螺栓连接框架耐火性能研究

为明确钢管混凝土柱-组合梁单边螺栓连接框架的耐火性能,采用有限元方法分析了ISO 834 标准升温曲线火灾作用下,圆形钢管混凝土柱-组合梁单边螺栓连接框架的温度场和耐火极限。研究结果表明：提出的简化的HB 螺栓模型可以有效地对圆形钢管混凝土-组合梁框架的耐火性能进行分析。钢管混凝土柱横截面混凝土的网格划分方法对于钢管混凝土柱-组合梁框架的耐火极限影响较小。当节点连接可靠时,钢管混凝土柱-组合梁框架达到耐火极限时的破坏模式主要有柱破坏模式和组合梁破坏模式。     

Evaluation of Three Support Shapes on Behavior of New Bolted Connection BBCC in Modularized Prefabricated Steel Structures

Bolted connections are suitable due to high quality prefabrication in the factory and erection in the workplace. Prefabrication and modularization cause high speed of erection and fabrication, high quality and quick return of investment. Their technical hitches transportation can be removed by prefabrication of joints and small fabrication of components. Box-columns are suitable members for bolted structures such as welded steel structures with moment frames in two directions etc., but their continual fabrication in multi-story buildings and performing the internal continuity plate in them will cause some practical dilemmas. The details of the proposal technique introduced here, is to remove such problems from the box columns. Besides, some other advantages include new prefabricated bolted beam-to-column connections referred to BBCC. This connection is a set of plates joined to columns, beams, support, and bolts. For a better understanding of its fabrication and erection techniques, two connection and one structural maquettes are made. The present work aims to study the cyclic behavior of connection numerically. To verify the accuracy of model, a similar tested connection was modelled. Its verification was then made through comparison with test results. The behavior of connection was evaluated for an exterior connection using three different support shapes. The effects of support shapes on rigidity, ductility, rotation capacity, maximum strength, four rad rotation strength were compared to those of the AISC seismic provision requirements. It was found that single beams support has all the AISC seismic provision requirements for special moment frames with and without a continuity plate, and box with continuity plate is the best support in the BBCC connection.