公路线形设计中的景观设计初探

以公路线形设计中的景观问题为出发点,从线形设计自身的协调和线形与周围环境的协调两方面阐述了公路线形设计中应注意的问题,使公路线形与自然环境相结合,保证公路景观设计的合理化。     

关于道路线形设计的几个问题的探讨

分析了道路线形设计的重要性,从路线总体设计和线形几何设计两方面对道路线形设计进行了深入探讨,强调了道路线形设计中应考虑的相关问题,以积累道路线形设计经验,完善道路线形设计。     

城际铁路连续梁桥挂篮施工线形测量控制研究

采用挂篮施工的连续梁桥,线形控制是保证成桥线形与设计线形相吻合的关键,其中施工测量又是直接影响线形控制结果.文中结合一座在建的城际铁路连续梁桥,通过施工测量控制技术进行桥梁线形控制,其最终成桥线形与设计线形相吻合,加快了施工进度,为同类桥梁工程施工提供参考.     

山区低等级改扩建公路线形设计探究

在对当前山区低等级改扩建公路线形设计存在的问题分析的基础之上,从平、纵面及其组合上,论述了改扩建公路线形设计要点,简述了线形设计中的灵活性设计,为今后的同类设计提供借鉴与参考。     

山区高速公路线形设计

结合京承高速公路（苇子峪-京冀界段）工程的线形设计,从线形设计方法、平面线形设计、纵面线形设计、平纵线形组合设计和线形与环境的协调五个方面,就如何改进山区高速公路线形设计进行了分析研究,以期指导实践。     

刍议公路几何设计中的相关问题

公路线形是道路的骨架,也是命脉,因此线形几何设计是公路最为关键的组成部分,其不仅是包含平面线形、纵断面线形和横断面的三维立体线形设计,也是包含行车速度或时间在内的四维线形设计。此文从与道路几何线形设计相关的汽车运动学、行驶时间阀值和驾驶员心理学等问题进行了深入的分析研究,并对回旋线参数取值和S型曲线超高值计算问题进行了剖析,为公路设计者提供参考。     

高速公路线形设计研究

高速公路线形设计是高速公路建设中的关键环节,其设计质量直接关系到道路的安全性、舒适性和经济性。论文阐述了高速公路线形设计的基本理论,包括高速公路线形设计基本概念、基本原则及影响因素,讨论了高速公路线形设计要点,包括平面线形、纵断面和平纵面设计。     

谈高速公路平纵面的线形设计

详细论述了高速公路平纵面线形设计的方法,指出高速公路线形设计的总体原则是在满足各项技术标准的前提下,综合考虑安全与美观的因素,使线形设计能够为高速公路建设提供基础依据。     

连续梁线形监控的过程及实施

通过线形监控实施,箱梁悬臂施工线形得到很好的控制,成桥线形美观、符合设计,为以后类似施工提供了经验。     

地铁桥梁短线法预制拼装架设线形控制技术

一、节段预制拼装的几种线形 设计线形：红徐变和荷载作用力下由初成桥形变为设计线形 理论线形：无应力线形,主要涉及预拱度的计算 预制线形：各个节段拼装前的线形,与预制模板,匹配定位有关 初成桥形：实际预制线形在自重和预应力的作用下梁竣工时的线形     

立交匝道平面线形优化设计及MATLAB的应用

本文在探讨最优化计算理论与方法的基础上,分析立交匝道平面线形设计的特点与方法,拟定线形组合型式,建立平面线形优化设计的数学模型,给出相应的优化计算方法,并应用大型通用的辅助计算软件MATLAB优化工具箱里的优化函数,实现线形参数的优化设计。     

道路平面的计算机屏幕定线及其数据存储方法

道路的定线在计算机屏幕上进行,这种方法叫做屏幕定线方法。该文提出了直接在图形屏幕上布设主要线元,然后直接在屏幕上设计连续线形线位的方法;同时提出了交互设计方法,解决了对复杂线形组合的交互问题。该方法使设计既可以正向设计也可以反向设计,既可以连续进行也允许分段非连续进行,并提出一种动态结构———线元表可较好地解决这一问题。     

浅谈道路线形设计对行车安全的影响

针对目前道路交通安全现状,详细分析了道路线形设计对行车安全的影响,同时阐述了道路线形设计中应注意的事项,从而使道路设计更加人性化,最大程度地减少交通事故的发生。     

浅谈道路线形设计与景观设计的协调

从公路线形与景观配合的角度出发,分析了公路线形自身以及线形与环境的协调,阐述了公路平纵组合设计应注意的一些问题,还就公路景观设计准则提出了一些建议,以求改善公路沿线环境提高公路使用质量。     

Mountain railway alignment optimization integrating layouts of large-scale auxiliary construction projects

Mountain railway alignment design is an important but complex civil engineering problem. To overcome the drastically undulating terrain, long tunnels and high bridges are major structures used along a mountain railway, which poses great challenges for railway design and construction. Unfortunately, despite being studied for many years, the crucial construction factors of complex structures have received slight attention in alignment optimization. In this paper, for the first time, the layout of large-scale auxiliary construction projects (LACPs), including tunnel shafts and access roads, is incorporated into the alignment design process in order to consider construction practicability and economy. Primarily, an alignment–LACPs concurrent optimization model is built. After defining the comprehensive design variables, the alignment–LACPs total construction cost is formulated as the objective function. Besides, the separate constraints for designing the alignment and LACPs are considered. Also, a construction duration computation is proposed for constraining the alignment–LACPs integration. To solve the model, a four-step hybrid solution method is developed. Specifically, the alignment is first generated with a particle swarm optimization (PSO). Afterward, a new divide and conquer approach is devised to search for shaft alternatives along the alignment. Then, a customized Dijkstra algorithm is developed to search for complex access roads. Finally, a novel polynomial mechanism for time-varying acceleration coefficients (TVAC) is designed for PSO to evolve the alignment–LACPs solutions. The above model and methods have been applied to two complex actual mountain railway examples. Their effectiveness is demonstrated through detailed analysis of resulting railway solutions and control experiments with contemporary TVAC-based methods.     

Mountain Railway Alignment Optimization with Bidirectional Distance Transform and Genetic Algorithm

Various challenging constraints must be satisfied in railway alignment design for topographically complex mountainous regions. The alignment design for such environments is so challenging that existing methodologies have great difficulties in automatically generating viable railway alignment alternatives. We solve this problem with a hybrid method in which a bidirectional distance transform (DT) algorithm automatically selects control points before a genetic algorithm (GA) refines the alignment. This approach solves the problems of (1) determining the appropriate distribution of control points in the GA and (2) producing alignments that deviate significantly from the DT‐optimized paths. Automatic design of backtracking curves and dynamic generation of vertical points of intersection handling multiple constraints are developed to improve the GA performance. This method has been applied to a real case on the Sichuan–Tibet Railway where excessively severe natural gradients must be overcome. It automatically finds an alignment optimized for the given objectives and complex constraints, as well as various promising alternatives.     

山地城市路网布局规划研究

复杂的地形地貌制约了山地城市道路网规划布局和定线。为了发挥山地城市道路规划设计在城市规划中的地位和作用．本文对山地城市道路网规划中一些思路与方法进行探讨,并提出一些较成功的山地城市道路网规划设计实例进行研究与分析．对编制山地城市交通系统规划和山地城市提供高效方便的运输系统的研究思路进行研讨。     

A Customized Particle Swarm Method to Solve Highway Alignment Optimization Problem

Abstract: Optimizing highway alignment requires a versatile set of cost functions and an efficient search method to achieve the best design. Because of numerous highway design considerations, this issue is classified as a constrained problem. Moreover, because of the infinite number of possible solutions for the problem and the continuous search space, highway alignment optimization is a complex problem. In this study, a customized particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to search for a near‐optimal highway alignment, which is a compound of several tangents, consisting of circular (for horizontal design) and parabolic (for vertical alignment) curves. The selected highway alignment should meet the constraints of highway design while minimizing total cost as the objective function. The model uses geographical information system (GIS) maps as an efficient and fast way to calculate right‐of‐way costs, earthwork costs, and any other spatial information and constraints that should be implemented in the design process. The efficiency of the algorithm was verified through a case study using an artificial map as the study region. Finally, we applied the algorithm to a real‐world example and the results were compared with the alignment found by traditional methods.     

道路线形设计对行车安全的影响分析

随着人们行车理论的不断进步,道路设计更加的多元化,简单地考虑车量以及行车速度的设计理论已经无法适应时代的发展。本文主要围绕道路线形设计,对行车安全的影响展开了论述。