National high street retail and town centre policy at a cross roads in England and Wales

For eighty years, UK government policy related to urban sprawl, town centres and high streets in England and Wales has been dominated by planning/land-use control. In the post-war period, retail developments have often been discussed in the literature on planning for places – but the wide range of pressures for retail change is rarely brought together. This review of policy discusses many of these pressures: many of which fall beyond the urban planning remit. For example, although retail planning regulations have been influenced by Central Place Theory, this theoretical framework offers no insight on those private sector businesses that interface with urban planning. Worse, few (if any) professional town planners study retailing before formulating plans. Furthermore, the willingness of successive governments to exert meaningful influence through planning rules has ebbed and flowed, leaving town centres at a potential crossroads. This study addresses the vital missing link to business operations – and the rising pressures upon them – using Institutional Theory. Building on the findings of this analysis as well as earlier studies from other parts of the world, this article outlines implications for the management of town and city centres in England and Wales.     

历史文化村镇的保护与规划

<正>改革开放30年,中国经历了大规模的经济建设和城乡建设,经济的快速发展带来了城乡巨大的变化,但由于建设的不当也使城市中     

浅议村镇的空间组织布局形式

从组织类型、区域划分、道路、广场、居住区等几个方面浅要分析了中国传统村镇布局的基本形式,并对各要素之间的相互关系进行了探讨,以体现独特的建筑风格。     

River-Channel Changes in England and Wales

An investigation of the literature on river-channel changes in the UK reveals that the rate and extent of changes is much higher than was previously thought. In order to assess how widespread these changes are, and whether the rates and types of changes are typical, an historical survey has been carried out of the streams which drain the upland areas of England and Wales. This survey involved the comparison of Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 maps from approximately 1870 and 1950, and revealed that almost 35% of the rivers draining upland England have shown some pattern instability during this period.
Great variety exists both in the types of channel planform changes and their extent: several rivers possess short isolated reaches of change separated by stable sections. This suggests the operation of thresholds of channel stability, and further research aims to identify these in terms of specific factors and conditions.     

对村镇住区环境条件评价指标的探讨

本文就如何评价村镇住区环境条件的问题展开探讨,提出用评价指标体系来评价村镇住区环境条件的设想。论文选取了21项村镇环境条件要素,分析了各要素对于村镇的重要性,并通过定值加以量化,将村镇的环境条件要素结合重要性来考虑,以确定村镇环境条件中的薄弱环节,作为村镇规划编制时用地选择和规划改造的依据。     

浅谈村镇规划

以江苏省新沂市的村镇规划为主线,分析讨论了目前村镇规划中存在的一些问题,接着阐述了新沂市村镇体系的现状,最后详细分析了在进行新沂市村镇规划时,应结合本地的特点所重点考虑的问题,这将对今后新沂市的村镇建设发展有着重要的意义。     

着眼于旅游开发的古村村落空间改造设计——以北京市延庆县柳沟村为例

本文以北京市延庆县柳沟古村为例,探讨了着眼于旅游开发的村落改造设计思路。设计从乡村旅游者的需求着手进行分析,推导出能满足游客需求和具有“吸引力”的村落空间特征,把它和柳沟古村现状进行比较分析,从而得出改造设计的思路。     

The management of urban surface water drainage in England and Wales

Partly in response to the UK flooding events of 2007, a number of reports have recently been produced addressing the legislative, administrative, institutional and structural practices that are required to improve urban surface water management and hence reduce future flooding incidents and associated pollution impacts. This paper addresses the principal barriers to progress that have been identified and how these are likely to be overcome. Improved and integrated organisational structures, process and procedures are required and relationships between flood risk management and water quality need to be addressed at regional, area and local levels as well as legislative clarification on surface water discharges. Nontechnical aspects will need to be supported by new modelling approaches for flood risk prediction at both local and catchment scale with effective communication systems and tools being developed and implemented for full and effective stakeholder participation.     

Environmental Performance Indicators: The Water Industry of England and Wales

Water companies in England and Wales produce reports using environmental performance indicators which have been developed in-house. However, there is no recognised methodology for the development of these indicators, and an analysis of available guidance led to the proposal of an appropriate model. This model was tested by semi-structured interviews of water-company managers, and a questionnaire was completed by managers from other industries. The responses from the interviews supported the inclusive, quality-driven approach advocated by the model, and indicated a need to examine (a) the style of management, (b) the staffing structure in water companies, (c) the connection between environmental management systems and indicator development, (d) types of objectives and targets, and (e) the use of indicators as public-relations tools. The result is a methodology for indicator development which can be applied by managers in industry.     

新农村建设中村镇规划之探讨

从统筹城乡经济发展、区域协调发展、经济与社会协调发展、人与自然的可持续发展各个方面阐述了在新农村建设中如何做好村镇规划编制工作,为切实改善农民群众的生产生活环境,确保新农村建设的健康发展提供了理论指导。     

减轻村镇地震灾害的基本对策

自唐山地震至今的30年中,我国大陆发生了多次破坏性地震,其中绝大多数发生在广大农村和乡镇地区。由现场震害调查可知,在遭受同等地震烈度破坏条件下,农村人口伤亡、建筑的倒塌破坏程度远高于城市,而且越贫穷的地区,受灾越严重。其主要原因是经济落后,大量民房在建筑材料、结构形式、传统习惯等方面存在问题,房屋缺乏抗震措施,抗震能力差所致。因此,重视和提高村镇综合抗震能力,在目前的形势下显得尤为重要。基于此,本文对如何减轻村镇地震灾害提出一些基本对策,供村镇建设时参考。1村镇规划对策要做好村镇抗震防灾工作,首先要搞好村镇防灾…     

现代村镇住宅生态设计

针对寒冷地区的村镇住宅现状,对村镇住宅的平立面和体型等进行了生态设计,从建筑材料和空间环境等方面进行了研究,提出了现代村镇生态住宅设计的建议,从而推动村镇住宅生态设计的发展.     

Estimation of migration profiles in England and Wales

"Migration profiles by age have been increasingly used in the analysis of migration data, and a theoretical function has been developed by researchers at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). This paper refines the approach by applying the principles of maximum likelihood to the estimation of the coefficients for the function. This enhances the statistical basis and in particular enables [the authors] to carry out tests of similarity between different areas on the basis of the calibrated coefficients. The method is applied to 1971 Census data for the local authorities of England and Wales."     

村镇住宅建设节约用地措施的探讨

分析了村镇住宅区建设用地面积过大及土地利用率低的原因 ,阐述了节约建设用地、提高土地利用率的有效方法 ,提出努力盘活现有土地存量 ,统筹安排合理布局的节约用地新思路     

Strategic Resource Development Options in England and Wales

This paper describes the options which had to be considered for new water resources in the development of the † National Rivers Authority's water resource strategy for England and Wales. The options included interregional transfers, strategic reservoirs, and a range of unconventional schemes including aquifer recharge, effluent re-use, groundwater abstraction where levels are rising, desalination, and transfer by sea. The main options are described and comparative costs are presented.     

村镇公用建筑震害原因分析

我国村镇公用建筑主要用途有:乡镇政府办公楼、中小学校舍、幼儿园、养老院房屋、乡镇卫生院、乡镇信用社、农行等金融机构房屋。对新疆巴楚、云南大姚、云南普洱、四川汶川等地震中村镇公用建筑震害的现场调查表明,村镇公用建筑震害远较城市建筑严重。基于村镇公用建筑的震害特点,分析了震害主要原因和在设计、施工等方面存在的主要问题。地震中村镇公用建筑破坏严重,甚至倒塌,究其原因,最主要的是施工质量差,政府有关部门监管不力。     

厦门地区现有村镇住宅建筑节能化技术改造研究

本文基于厦门当地气候特点和村镇住宅建筑现状,通过实地调查与分析,基于定量分析和技术对比,探讨出技术成熟,造价经济可行的节能化改造措施,最后通过科学量化分析,对典型村镇住宅样本在节能化改造前后的热工性能进行对比和验算,证明其有效性。     

盐城市北蒋镇楚九村整治规划初探

以盐城市-普通村庄的整治规划为例,以实际为基础,以村民意愿为前提,对村庄的各整治项目进行规划梳理,重点论述了村民设施配套和环境治理等细节,力求做出真正惠民可行的村庄规划。     

村镇建设趋势分析与对策建议——以山东省临沂市为例

一、临沂市村镇建设的基本情况及经验近年来,山东省临沂市委、市政府高度重视村镇建设工作,先后出台了《关于加快中心镇建设的意见》、《关于推进全市社会主义新农村建设的实施意见》、《临沂市村镇环境综合整治实施方案》等文件,各县区也采取多种激励措施,加大村镇建设力度,新农村建设呈现出良好的发展势头。