前驱体二水磷酸铁对磷酸铁锂电化学性能的影响

以钛白生产副产物七水硫酸亚铁为铁源,工业磷酸二氢铵为磷源,双氧水为氧化剂,采用共沉淀法合成了不同粒径和形貌的二水磷酸铁,并以此为前驱体,通过碳热还原法制备了粒径不同的LiFePO₄/C正极材料。经过对样品进行X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）以及恒电流充放电测试,研究了二水磷酸铁及LiFePO₄/C的结构、形貌以及电化学性能。结果表明,以较细的二水磷酸铁为铁源,制备得到的LiFePO₄/C颗粒较细,且具有更优异的电化学性能。0.1、0.5、1、2、5、10 C放电比容量分别为154、148、144、140、130、120 mA·h/g。     

片状LiFePO_4/C正极材料制备及其电化学性能研究

在温和的反应条件下,使用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)成功合成了片状二水磷酸铁,并将其与氢氧化锂、柠檬酸球磨混合,采用碳热还原法制备了具有纳米厚度的片状LiFePO_4/C电极材料。研究了SDBS对磷酸铁形貌以及LiFePO_4/C电极材料电化学性能的影响。利用X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和充放电测试等技术手段,对合成样品的物相、形貌和电化学性能进行了分析测试。电化学测试表明,在25℃,2.0～4.2 V电压范围条件下,使用片状二水磷酸铁为前驱体制备的LiFePO_4/C样品,在0.1 C库仑效率达到99.6%,在1 C下循环500次容量保持率为99%,表现出了优异的电化学性能。     

水热法一步合成磷酸铁锂及其性能研究

为优化液相法一步制备磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）技术,以七水合硫酸亚铁、磷酸二氢铵、一水合氢氧化锂为原料,通过添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）作为表面活性剂,采用液相水热法合成技术,一步合成了LiFePO₄正极材料。研究了水热法一步合成技术对LiFePO₄材料的组成、结构、形貌、粒度等的影响,通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、粒度分析仪等对材料进行了表征分析,并测试了材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明,合成得到的LiFePO₄材料为微米级球形颗粒形貌的正交晶系非化学计量比的Li_1.02Fe_0.994PO₄材料。电化学性能测试结果表明,在0.1C倍率下首次充、放电比容量分别为162.0、159.9 mA·h/g,库伦效率达到98.7%、倍率性能（以1C/0.1C保持率计）为92.3%,0.1C倍率循环100次容量保持率为96.4%,展现出良好的电化学性能。     

类球形低硫磷酸铁的制备技术研究

磷酸铁（FePO₄）是锂电池正极材料磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）的核心前驱体,FePO₄形貌及硫含量对合成的LiFePO₄材料性能有重要影响。为得到类球形低硫FePO₄产品,在传统液相沉淀法技术基础上做了改进优化,添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为形貌助剂提高产品球形度,添加氨水作为配体形成磷酸铁铵配合物改善结晶过程,降低产品硫含量。结果表明：所制备的FePO₄产品硫质量分数低,达到2.6×10 ^-5,形貌为均一的微米类球形颗粒,D₅₀=11.4 μm,振实密度达到1.22 g/cm ³,有望成为制备高压实密度LiFePO₄材料的核心前驱体。     

硝酸铁和磷酸共沉淀法制备电池级磷酸铁工艺研究

以硝酸铁和磷酸为原料，利用共沉淀法制备了电池级磷酸铁，研究了反应温度、反应物浓度、投料比和反应时间对磷酸铁产率和粒径的影响，并通过正交优化得到了最佳的工艺条件：硝酸铁浓度为1.1 mol/L、投料比(磷酸与硝酸铁物质的量比)为1.1、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为8 h。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、热重-差式扫描量热仪(TG-DTA)等对制备的磷酸铁进行表征分析。分析结果表明：在优化条件下得到的二水磷酸铁为单斜晶，纯度高，二次粒径D₅₀为2.41μm，均符合电池级磷酸铁的要求。以磷酸铁为前驱体制备的LiFePO₄/C性能良好，将其作为正极材料组成的电池在0.05C、0.1C、1C倍率下首次放电比容量分别为143.9、136.8、131.4 mA·h/g。     

Mxene增强LiFePO4电池正极材料性能研究

在水热法合成LiFePO₄和HF刻蚀合成Mxene(金属碳/氮化物)的基础上,通过湿化学法制备了不同Mxene含量的Mxene/LiFePO₄复合正极材料,并对其物相、形貌和电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明,Mxene纳米片在LFP颗粒中的负载,使得LiFePO₄和Mxene之间通过“点到面”的导电模式在复合电极中构建高效导电网络,提高LiFePO₄正极材料的电子导电性。同时,Mxene二维层状结构的特点缩短了锂离子在正极材料中的扩散路径。因此,Mxene/LiFePO₄正极材料表现出良好的电化学性能,包括离子导电性和电子导电性等。其中,3%Mxene的负载,在0.1、1和5C充放电倍率下,首次放电比容量分别为159.3、136.8和100.2 m Ah·g^-1,表现出良好的循环稳定性。     

CTAB辅助水热法合成LiFePO4/C复合正极材料的形貌与电化学性能研究

以Li OH·H₂O、FeSO₄·7H₂O和H₃PO₄为原料,采用CTAB辅助水热法合成LiFePO₄/C复合正极材料。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和充放电等测试技术研究了材料的形貌及倍率充放电性能。结果表明,添加0.32 g CTAB所得LiFePO₄/C样品具有最好的电化学性能,在0.1C、0.2C、0.5C和1C倍率下,样品的首次放电比容量分别为143、133、113和94 （m A·h）/g。     

碳包覆LiFePO4正极材料的新型液相沉淀法制备

为了改善磷酸铁锂的电化学性能，同时适于低成本的工业化生产，分别采用新型液相沉淀法和高温固相法合成LiFePO₄/C复合正极材料，利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）等方法对其晶体结构和表观形貌进行表征，新型液相沉淀法合成的LiFePO₄粒径在100nm左右，结晶度好，室温下以0.47C和1.0C倍率放电，最高放电比容量分别达到167.91 mA·h·g^-1相似文献   

铜掺杂碳包覆磷酸铁锂的微波合成及性能研究

研究了铜掺杂碳包覆磷酸铁锂（LiFePO₄）的微波合成。通过X射线衍射（XRD）表征了样品的化学组成和晶体结构,通过扫描电镜（SEM）考察了样品的微观形貌。分别用铜掺杂磷酸铁锂、碳包覆磷酸铁锂、铜掺杂碳包覆磷酸铁锂作为锂离子电池正极材料,进行了电化学性能测试比较。充放电测试表明,微波合成的铜掺杂碳包覆磷酸铁锂具有良好的充放电性能和循环寿命,首次放电比容量达到145 mA•h/g,循环30次后比容量仍然有143.5 mA•h/g,为初始容量的98.96%,容量几乎无衰减。     

以磷铁为原料水热法制备电池级磷酸铁的研究

以黄磷所得副产品磷铁为原料,通过湿法溶解、除杂、结晶等工艺制备电池级磷酸铁,然后利用制备出的磷酸铁制备磷酸铁锂。制备电池级磷酸铁的最佳工艺参数为：硝酸浓度为3.0 mol/L、最佳反应温度为110℃、最佳反应时间为120 min、反应体系铁质量浓度为18.0 g/L,此时样品中铁含量与铁磷比接近理论值。LiFePO₄/C样品首次充电容量、放电容量、放电的库伦效率分别为158.8 mAh/g、147.8 Ah/g、93.1%,说明磷酸铁锂电化学性能较好,能用于锂电池的正极材料。     

A Facile Route for Synthesis of LiFePO4/C Cathode Material with Nano-sized Primary Particles

A facile and practical route was introduced to prepare LiFePO4/C cathode material with nano-sized primary particles and excellent electrochemical performance. LiH2PO4 was synthesized by using H3PO4 and LiOH as raw materials. Then, as-prepared LiH2PO4, reduced iron powder andα-D-glucose were ball-milled, dried and sin-tered to prepare LiFePO4/C. X-ray diffractometry was used to characterize LiH2PO4, ball-milled product and LiFePO4/C. Differential scanning calorimeter-thermo gravimetric analysis was applied to investigate possible reac-tions in sintering and find suitable temperature for LiFePO4 formation. Scanning electron microscopy was em-ployed for the morphology of LiFePO4/C. As-prepared LiH2PO4 is characterized to be in P21cn（33） space group, which reacts with reduced iron powder to form Li3PO4, Fe3（PO4）2 and H2 in ball-milling and sintering. The appro-priate temperature for LiFePO4/C synthesis is 541.3-976.7 ℃. LiFePO4/C prepared at 700 ℃ presents nano-sized primary particles forming aggregates. Charge-discharge examination indicates that as-prepared LiFePO4/C displays appreciable discharge capacities of 145 and 131 mA·h·g^-1 at 0.1 and 1 C respectively and excellent discharge ca-pacity retention.     

Influence of synthesis parameters on the properties of LiFePO4/C cathode material☆

The influence of sintering temperature,carbon content and dispersive agent in ball-milling was investigated on the properties of Li Fe PO_4/C prepared using Fe_2O_3,NH_4H_2PO_4,Li_2CO_3 and glucose via solid state reaction.X-ray powder diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and charge–discharge test were applied to the characterization of the Li Fe PO_4/C samples synthesized under different conditions.Sintering temperature affects the crystallite/particle size and degree of crystallinity of LiF eP O_4,formation of Fe_2 P and maintenance of carbon in LiF e PO_4/C.Carbon maintenance is favored by low sintering temperature,and 700 °C is optimum for synthesis of LiF eP O_4/C with superior electrochemical performance.A higher carbon content in the range of 4.48%–11.03% results in a better rate capability for Li Fe PO_4/C.The dispersive agent used in ball-milling impacts the existent state of carbon in the final product which subsequently determines its charge–discharge behavior.The sample prepared at700 °C by using acetone as the dispersive agent in ball-milling exhibits an excellent rate capability and capacity retention without any fade at 0.1C,1C and 2C,with corresponding average discharge capacities of 153.8,128.3and 121.0 m A·h·g~(-1),respectively,in the first 50 cycles.     

Synthesis of sub-micrometer lithium iron phosphate particles for lithium ion battery by using supercritical hydrothermal method简

A supercritical hydrothermal method was employed to prepare sub-micrometer LiFePO4 particles with high purity and crystallinity. The structure and morphology of LiFePO4 particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The electrochemical tests were carried out to determine the reversible capacity, rate and cycling performance of the LiFePO4 particles as cathode material for lithium ion battery. Experimental results show that solvent and calcining time have significant effects on purity, size and morphology of LiFePO4 particles. Mixed solvent contained deionized water and ethanol is conducive to synthesize smaller and more uniform particles. The size of LiFePO4 particles as-prepared is about 100-300 nm. The specific discharge capacities of the LiFePO4 particles are 151.3 and 128.0 mA. h. g-1 after first cycle at the rates of 0.1 and 1.0 C, respectively. It retains 95.0% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles at 1.0 C.     

Long-term cyclability of nanostructured LiFePO4

Amorphous LiFePO₄ was obtained by lithiation of FePO₄ synthesized by spontaneous precipitation from equimolar aqueous solutions of Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂·6H₂O and NH₄H₂PO₄, using hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent. Nano-crystalline LiFePO₄ was obtained by heating amorphous nano-sized LiFePO₄ for different periods of time. The materials were characterized by TG, DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and BET. All materials showed very good electrochemical performance in terms of energy and power density. Upon cycling, a capacity fading affected the materials, thus reducing the electrochemical performance. Nevertheless, the fading decreased upon cycling and after the 200th cycle the cell was able to cycle for more than 500 cycles without further fading.     

High-rate properties of LiFePO4/carbon composites as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Electrochemical properties of LiFePO₄/carbon composites were investigated to achieve a high-rate lithium electrode performance. LiFePO₄/carbon composites were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction of a solution of FeSO₄·7H₂O, H₃PO₄, and LiOH·H₂O mixed with carbon powders under nitrogen atmosphere followed by annealing under 1% H₂–99% Ar atmosphere. Particle size of the obtained LiFePO₄/carbon composites observed by scanning electron microscopy was less than 100 nm. At a high current density of 1000 mA g⁻¹, the LiFePO₄/carbon composites showed a high discharge capacity of 113 mA h g⁻¹, and a flat discharge potential plateau was observed around 3.4 V. The discharge capacity at the high current density, 85% of that at a low current density of 30 mA g⁻¹, is a quite high value for LiFePO₄ cathodes. Homogeneous microstructure consisting of small particles contributed to the high-rate properties of the LiFePO₄/carbon composites.     

离子液体作为电解液添加剂用于高压锂离子电池

合成了功能化离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双（三氟甲磺酰）亚胺盐（BMIMTFSI）作为高压锂离子电池电解液添加剂,用于抑制有机溶剂的氧化,以提高碳酸酯类电解液的耐高压性。分别采用充放电测试、电化学交流阻抗（EIS）、循环伏安法（CV）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等研究了LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄/Li电池的电化学行为和LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄材料表面形貌。结果表明,当在电解液中添加20% （体积分数）BMIMTFSI时,LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄/Li电池在室温、0.2C下的最高放电比容量是126.81 mA·h·g^-1,5C下的放电比容量为109.36 mA·h·g^-1,比在1 mol·L^-1 LiPF₆-EC/DMC电解液中的放电比容量提高了91.7%;且该电池在0.2C下循环50圈后的放电比容量保持率在95%左右,比用碳酸酯类电解液提高了近10%。SEM结果表明,在碳酸酯类电解液中加入BMIMTFSI后,LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄电极表面附着了一层均匀且致密的固态电解质界面（SEI）膜。     

废旧磷酸铁锂材料碳热还原固相再生方法

采用热处理方法将回收的正极片除去黏结剂,同时将LiFePO₄氧化为Li₃Fe₂（PO₄）₃及Fe₂O₃并作为再生反应原料,分别以葡萄糖、一水合柠檬酸、聚乙二醇为还原剂,650℃高温反应16h、20h、24h碳热还原再生LiFePO₄。测试结果表明,3个还原剂体系均能获得再生LiFePO₄材料。以葡萄糖为还原剂,高温反应16h、20h、24h,放电比容量分别为118.49mA·h/g、118.38mA·h/g、123.77mA·h/g;100次循环后,容量保持率分别为88.40%、80.07%、72.56%。还原剂对再生材料性能影响显著,以葡萄糖为还原剂,再生材料的容量特性及循环性能均最优,一水合柠檬酸还原剂体系次之,聚乙二醇还原剂体系电化学性能最差。研究结果为大规模废旧LiFePO₄材料再生提供一种新的途径。     

A PVB-based rheological phase approach to nano-LiFePO4/C composite cathodes

Nano-LiFePO₄/C cathode materials were synthesized by a PVB-based rheological phase method, followed by calcination at 550 °C for 10 h in argon. Simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicates that the crystallization temperature of LiFePO₄ is about 436 °C. In the process of heat treatment, the decomposition of polyvinylbutyral coats carbon on the synthesized LiFePO₄ particles in situ. The resulting LiFePO₄ powders with fine particle sizes and homogeneous carbon network connection were observed by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical measurements show that the LiFePO₄/C composite cathode delivers a large discharge capacity of 162.3 mAh·g^− 1 at the 0.1 C rate, and exhibits a favorable capacity cycling maintenance at lower charge and discharge rate such as 0.5 C rate.